专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷25（共198题）

专业英语八级(阅读)模拟试卷25(共

9套)

(共198题)

专业英语八级(阅读)模拟试卷第1套

一、选择题(本题共14题，每题1.0分，共14分。)

PassageOne(1)1wassurethat1hadfoundatlasttheonetruecosmopolitesinceAdam,

andIlistenedtohisworldwidediscoursefearfullestIshoulddiscoverinitthelocalnote

ofthemereglobe-trotter.Buthisopinionsnevernutteredordrooped;hewasasimpartial

(ocities,countriesandcontinentsasthewindsorgravitation.AndasE.Rushmore

CoglanprattledofthislittleplanetIthoughtwithgleeofagreatalmost-cosmopolitewho

wroteforthewholeworldanddedicatedhimselftoBombay.Inapoemhehastosaythat

thereisprideandrivalrybetweenthecitiesoftheearth,andthat"thementhatbreed

fromthem,theytrafficupanddown,butclingtotheircities'hemasachildtothe

mother'sgown."Andwhenevertheywalk"byroaringstreetsunknown"theyremember

theirnativecity"mostfaithful,foolish,fond;makinghermere-brcathcdnametheirbond

upontheirbond."AndmyglsewasrousedbecauseIhadcaughtMr.Kiplingnapping.

HereIhadfoundamannotmadefromdust;onewhohadnonarrowboastsofbirthplace

orcountry,onewho,ifhebraggedatall,wouldhragofhiswholeroundglobeagainstthe

MartiansandtheinhabitantsoftheMoon.(2)Expressiononthesesubjectswas

precipitatedfromE.RushmoreCoglanbythethirdcornertoourtable.WhileCoglanwas

describingtomethetopographyalongtheSiberianRailway(heorchestraglidedintoa

medley.Theconcludingairwas"Dixie",andastheexhilaratingnotestumbledforth

(heywerealmostoverpoweredbyagreatclappingofhandsfromalmosteverytable.I

hastenedtoaskhimaquestionbecauseIwantedtotryoutatheoryIhad.(3)"Wouldyou

mindtellingme,"Ibegan,"whetheryouarefrom—"(4)ThefistofE.RushmoreCoglan

bangedthetableandIwasjarredintosilence.(5)"Excuseme,"saidhe,"butthat'sa

questionIneverliketohearasked.Whatdoesitmatterwhereamanisfrom?Isitfairto

judgeamanbyhispost-officeaddress?Why,I'veseenKentuckianswhohatedwhiskey,

Virginianswhoweren'tdescendedfromPocahontas,Indianianswhohadn'twrittena

novel,Mexicanswhodidn'twearvelvettrouserswithsilverdollarssewedalongthe

scams,funnyEnglishmen,spendthriftYankees,cold-bloodedSoutherners,narrow­

mindedWesterners,andNewYorkerswhoweretoobusytostopforanhouronthestreet

iowatchaone-arniedgrocer'sclerkdoupcranberriesinpaperbags.Leiamanbeaman

anddon'thandicaphimwiththelabelofanysection."(6)"Pardonme,"Isaid,"butmy

curiositywasnotaltogetheranidleone.Iknow(heSouth,andwhen(hebandplays'

Dixie'Iliketoobserve.Ihaveformedthebeliefthatthemanwhoapplaudsthatairwith

specialviolenceandostensiblesectionalloyaltyisinvariablyanativeofeitherSecaucus,

N.J.,orthedistrictbetweenMurrayHillLyceumandtheHarlemRiver,thiscity.Iwas

abouttoputmyopiniontothetestbyinquiringofthisgentlemanwhenyouinterrupted

withyourown—largertheory,Imustconfess.**(7)"I'vebeenaroundtheworldtwelve

times,"saidhe."It'samightylittleoldworld.What'stheuseofbraggingaboutbeing

fromtheNorth,oriheSouth,ortheoldmanorhouseinthedale,orEuclidavenue,

Cleveland,orPike'sPeak,orFairfaxCounty,Va.,orHooligan'sFlatsoranyplace?It'll

beabetterworldwhenwequitbeingfoolsaboutsomemildewedtownortenacresof

swamplandjustbecausewehappenedtobebornthere."(8)"Youseemtobeagenuine

cosmopolite/'Isaidadmiringly."Butitalsoseemsthatyouwoulddecrypatriotism."(9)

"Arelicofthestoneage,"declaredCoglan,warmly."Weareallbrothers-Chinamen,

Englishmen,Zulus,PatagoniansandthepeopleinthebendoftheKawRiver.Someday

allthispettyprideinone'scityorStateorsectionorcountrywillbewipedout.andwe'll

allbecitizensoftheworld,asweoughttobe."(10)"Butwhileyouarewanderingin

foreignlands,"Ipersisted,"donotyourthoughtsreverttosomespot—somedearand—"

(11)"Naryaspot,"interruptedE.R.Coglan,flippantly."Theterrestrial,globular,

planetaryhunkofmatter,slightlyflattenedatthepoles,andknownastheEarth,ismy

abode.I'mnottieddowntoanythingthatisn't8,000milesindiameter.Justputmedown

asE.RushmoreCoglan,citizenoftheterrestrialsphere."(12)Mycosmopolitemadea

largeadieuandleftme,forhethoughthesawsomeonethrough(hechatterandsmoke

whomheknew.Isatreflectinguponmyevidentcosmopoliteandwonderinghowthe

poethadmanagedtomisshim.HewasmydiscoveryandIbelievedinhim.Howwasit?

"Themen(hatbreedfrom(hem(heytrafficupanddown,butclingtotheircities1hemas

achildtothemothersgown."NotsoE.RushmoreCoglan.Withthewholeworldfor

his—(13)Mymeditationswereinterruptedbyatremendousnoiseandconflictinanother

partofthecafe.Isawabovetheheadsof(heseatedpatronsE.RushmoreCoglananda

strangertomeengagedinterrificbattle.TheyfoughtbetweenthetableslikeTitans,and

glassescrashed,andmencaughttheirhatsupandwereknockeddown,andabrunette

screamed,andablondebegantosing"Teasing".(14)Mycosmopolitewassustainingthe

prideandreputationoftheEarthwhenthewaitersclosedinonbothcombatantswith

theirfamousflyingwedgeformationandborethemoutside,stillresisting.(15)Icalled

McCarthy,oneoftheFrenchgarcons,andaskedhimthecauseoftheconflict.(16)"The

manwiththeredtic(thatwasmycosmopolite)",saidhe,"gothotonaccountofthings

saidaboutthebumsidewalksandwatersupplyoftheplacehecoinefrombytheother

guy.M(17)"Why,"saidLbewildered,"thatmanisacitizenoftheworld—acosmopolite.

He—"(18)"OriginallyfromMattawamkeag,Maine,"hesaid,continuedMcCarthy,"and

hewouldn'tstandfornoknockin*(heplace."

1、ItcanbeinferredfromPara.1thatMr.Kiplingmight.

A、beagainstarroganceandcompetition

B、havetravelledallaroundtheworld

C、regardithardtofindatruecosmopolite

D^haveneverboastedofhisownhometown

标准答案；C

知识点解析：推断题、根据题干定位至文章第一段。该段第三句开始提及了一位诗

人，从后文来看，这位诗人就是吉卜林先生。在诗中他对人们狭隘的地方主义思想

进行了描述和抨击，而“我”在见到科格兰先生，并称赞他是一位世界公民之后，本

段第六句提到，“我”抓住了吉卜林先生的小辫子，可见吉卜林先生可能认为很难找

到一位真正的世界公民，故［C］为答案。从“我”引用吉卜林的诗作可以看出，他所

反对的是地方主义，而不是傲慢和竞争，因此排除［A］；作者在第三句中仅仅提到

吉卜林为整个世界写作，并没有说他曾环游世界，故排除［B］；［D］”从未夸耀过他

自己的故乡”在原文中并未提及，故排除。

2、HowdidMr.Coglanfeelabout"my"questionaboutwherehecamefrom?

A^Astonished.

B、Enthusiastic.

C、Humiliated.

D、Frightened.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干定位至第三段至第五段。第三段中“我”问科格兰先

生是哪里的人，第四段中他的反应是将拳头用力砸在桌子上，把“我”吓了一跳，可

见他情绪较为激动，而具体的感受则在第五段进行了解释，科格兰表示决不喜欢听

到这种问话，因为他反对按照家乡给人们贴上相应的“标签”，可见这种激动是一种

愤怒和受到羞辱后的反应，这与［C］表述一致，故［C］为答案。同时排除［A「惊讶的”

和［B］热情的“；而［D］“害怕的”是“我”在看到科格兰的反应后的感受，不是科格兰的

表现，故排除。

3、WhatmightMr.Coglanthinkofthepatriotism"I"havementioned?

A^Itwasbehindthetimes.

B、Itshouldbecherished.

C、Itwashardtoforget.

D、Itdidn'texistatall.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推断题。根据题干定位至第八段和第九段。第八段中“我”说科格兰是

位货真价实的世界公民，但他似乎也诋毁了爱国主义，而第九段中科格兰的第•句

话是“石器时代的残余“，根据上下文关系，这是对爱国主义的评价和认识，可见他

认为这种思想是过时的，故［A］为答案。从上文可以看出，科格兰称自己反对任何

与地方主义有关的思想，I大此易排除［B］“应该被珍视”和［C］“难以忘怀”；而对于这

种思想是否存在，他并未提及，故排除［D］。

4、TheconflictbetweenMr.Coglanandthemanrevealed.

A、thatMr.Coglandeeplyresentedhishometown

B、whatMr.Coglandidandsaidwascontradictory

C、howMr.Coglanwoulddefendhisowndignity

D、whyMr.Coglanwassoopposedtolocalism

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。根据题干定位至第十三段至文末。第十三段讲到科格兰先生

与一个“我”不认识的人发生了激烈搏斗，而第十六段给出搏斗的原因。他是因为陌

生人诋毁他的家乡而被激怒，可见他虽然嘴上反对任何形式的地方主义，但实际上

自己还是受这种思想的牵绊，其言行是相互矛盾的，故［B］为答案，同时排除

［D］”他为什么反对地方主义”。旁人对其家乡评价差就激怒了科格兰先生，这不能

说明他憎恶自己的家乡，因此排除IA］；科格兰与此人发生了激烈搏斗，以至被强

行推出咖啡馆，早就没有了矜持和自尊，故排除［C］。

5、Theauthorwindedupthestorywithatoneof.

A^humor

B、approval

C^sincerity

D、satire

标准答案：D

知识点解析：态度题。根据题干定位至文末。作者在此处讲到自称反对地方主义的

世界公民科格兰先生因为别人诋毁自己的家乡而和人大打出手，以至于连自己的尊

严都不顾了，而此前的大量篇幅都在渲染这位世界公民认为天下平等，反对地方主

义的各种说法，结尾处提到他的这种行为，揭示出这个人的虚伪和丑态，也表现出

作者对这种人的讽刺，故［D］为答案，同时排除［A］幽默”、出「赞赏”和［C］“真诚”。

PassageTwo(I)Britain'seconomywilllosemomentumthisyearamidsqueezedliving

standardsanduncertaintyoverBrexitandtheinconclusiveelectionresult,leadingratings

agencieshavepredicted.(2)Moody'ssaidthequalmsabouttalksinBrusselsandthe

minoritygovernmenthaveincreasedtheU.K.'spoliticalandfinancialrisks.Analystsat

(heratingsagencysaidtheU.K.economyhasstartedtoslowandtheyexpectit(o

weakenconsiderablythroughout(herestof(heyear,addingthatitwasunclearifthe

governmentcoulddelivera"reasonablygood"Brexitdeal.(3)Moody'ssaidthe

governmentappearedtobepursuingobjectivespointingtowardsahardexitandsaid

growthprospectsoverthemediumtermcouldbe"materiallyweaker"iftheU.K.failsto

signatradedealallowingaccesstothesinglemarket.KathrinMuehlbronner,asenior

vicepresidentatMoody's,said;"Thelikelihoodofanabrupt—anddamagingexit—with

noagreementandreversiontoWorldTradeOrganizationtradingruleshasincreased

comparedtoourexpectationafterthereferendum,withthegovernmentsofarpursuing

objectivesthatimplyahardexit."(4)Weakerpublicfinancescouldleadtoa"further

delayinreversingtherisingtendofpublicdebt",theagencywarnedinareport.

However,itsaidtheBankofEngland'scredibilityshouldensurefinancialstability,with

exchangerateflexibilitygivingsupportforexports.(5)Anotherratingsagency,Standard

&Poor's,alsopredictedafallintheU.K.*sgrowthrate-fromI.8%in2016toI.4%in

2017and0.8%in2018一addingthattheoutlookmightbeevenworseiftheBrexittalks

betweenBritainand(heEUgobadly.(6)Despitespeculationofanincreaseininterest

ratesfromtheBankofEnglandnextmonth,S&Psaid(heweaknessoftheeconomy

wouldresultinborrowingcostsbeingleftonholdat0.25%foranothertwoyears.S&P

'ssenioreconomist,BorisGlass,said;"Givendemandweakness,thetemporarynatureof

importedinflation,moderatedomesticwagepressures,andBrexituncertainties,we

expecttheBankofEngland'scurrentukra-accommodativestanceiocontinueoverthe

mediumtermandexpectafirstratehiketooccuronlyinmid-2019."(7)S&Psaidthe

bctter-than-prcdictcdperformanceoftheeconomyin2016hadbeentheresultof

"extraordinarilyrobustconsumerspending"butaddedthatthepressureonhouseholds

frompricesrisingmorerapidlythanwageswaslikelytopersistfortherestof2017and

into2018.(8)FiguresdueoutonWednesdaywillshowwhetherthelowest

unemploymentsincethe1970shasstartedtohaveanupwardeffectonearnings,which

arecurrentlygrowingbyjustover2%ayear.Inflationasmeasuredbytheconsumer

pricesindexisrunningal2.9%,whiletheretailpricesindexis3.7%.(9)The

depreciationofthepoundwouldmake(heU.K.exportsmorecompetitivebutwould

onlyaddbetween0.2and0.3percentagepointstogrowthfrom2017to2020.S&Psaid

astudyofthedatashowedthatsomeU.K.exportershadtakenadvantageofthefallin

sterlingtoraisetheirpricesratherthantobreakintonewmarkets.Theagencysaidthat

whilethepriceincreasesweretosomeextentamatterofchoice,theywerelikelytohave

beennecessaryforfirmsthatreliedonimportswhichhadbecomemoreexpensiveasa

resultofthefallingexchangerate.WithfirmsmakingBrexitcontingencyplans,

investmentwasbeingshelvedratherthangiventhego-ahcad.(10)"Ourforecastsfor

slowergrowtharcsubjecttoconsiderabledownsiderisks,stemmingmainlyfromBrexit

uncertainties,"Glasssaid."Forexample,thestagingofthenegotiations,withthe'divorce'

settlementbeingnegotiatedbeforeanyfuturerelationshipwiththeEUisaddressed,

meansthatshouldtheseparationnegotiationsstall,therewouldbelesstimeleftfor

negotiatingthefuturetraderelationship,riskingacliffedge.""Ingeneral,should

negotiationsstallforanextendedperiod,thiscouldtranslateintoafurthersignificant

depreciationofsterlingandaconsequentriseininflation."(11)BenBroadbent,oneof

(heBankofEngland'sdeputygovernors,saidasharpdropin【heU.K.tradewiththeEU

afterBrexitwouldbebadfortheeconomy.InaspeechinAberdeenthatfocusedonthe

benefitsofinternational(rade,Broadbentsaid:"Putsimply,asignificantcurtailmentof

tradewithEuropewouldfore?theU.K.toshiftawayfromproducingthingsit'sbeen

relativelygoodat,andthereforeexporttotheEU,andtowardsthethingsitcurrently

importsandisrelativelylessgoodat."(12)AnumberofMPCmembers—includingthe

governor,MarkCarney,andtheBank'schiefeconomist,AndyHaldane—havegiven

theirviewsontheoutlookforborrowingcostsinrecentmonths.Broadbentvotedfor

officialinterestratestoremainonholdattheMPC'slastmeetinginJuneandhisfailure

tomentionmonetarypolicywasseenbytheCityasasignthathewillvotethesameway

againinAugust.ThepoundfellslightlyafterBroadbent'sspeechandclosedinLondonat

$1.285.

6、WhichofthefollowingpointsofviewmayaccordwiththatofMoody's?

A^ThelivingstandardsinBritainhavekeptonrising.

B、BrexitexertspressureupontheBritishgovernment.

C、ItisbelievedthattalksinBrusselswillbreakdown.

D^Britain'seconomywillslowdowninacertaintime.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干定位至第二段和第三段。这两段集中阐述了穆迪公

司的观点，其中第二段指出英国经济已经开始放缓，而第三段第一句提到，穆迪认

为英国经济在中期内增长的预期可能会“更加渺茫”，可见穆迪认为英国经济在一段

时间内将保持放缓的态势，故（D］为答案。第一段提到生活标准是影响英国经济动

力的因素之一，但并没有对这个参数的发展做出预测，故排除［A］"英国的生活标准

在持续提高''；出］"脱欧对英国政府施加压力”是对第三段第一句的曲解，原文意思

是政府选择的脱欧方式是艰难且不利于经济增长的，故排除；第二段提到了对布鲁

塞尔会谈结果不看好，但并没有说会谈会破裂，因此排除［C］。

7、ThefiguresinPara.8arccitedto.

A^explaintherelationbetweenpriceandwage

B、contrasteconomicpredictionwithperformance

C、supportS&P'sviewon:heU.K.'seconomiccondition

D^educeadiscussionaboutthepounddepreciation

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。根据题干定位至第八段。笫八段中引用了收入增长、通货膨

胀率和英镑贬值的情况，这些数据之前是标准普尔对于2016年英国经济表现的解

读和对未来经济情况的预期，数据之后仍是标准普尔关于英镑贬值对企业行为影响

的分析和预测，可见这些数据都是用于支持该分析公司对英国经济情况的观点与看

法，这与［C］表述一致，故［C］为答案。［A］“解释价格与工资的关系”在原文中没有明

确提及，故排除；相关段落并没有提到之前对经济的预期情况，因此排除［B:比较

经济预期与表现”；第八段所涉及的数据并不仅仅是关于英镑贬值的，因此［D］引出

关于英镑贬值的探讨”说法过于局限，故排除。

8、WecaninferfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatBenBroadbent.

A^predictedasharpeconoiricdownturn

B、analyzedtheprospectoftheU.K.'smanufacturing

C^disagreedwiththeopinionsofMarkCarney

D^wouldgoonremaininginterestratesonhold

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。根据题干定位至第十•段和第十二段。第十•段提到，布罗

德本特在一次演讲中指出，脱欧所造成的欧洲贸易的显著缩减将迫使英国制造业发

生一些转变，从原来只生产优势产品转型为不得不自己生产一些劣势的、原本主要

依赖进口的产品，说明他分析了英国制造业的前景，故［因为答案°文中并没有提

到布罗德本特预测英国经济未来要大幅下滑，因此排除［A］；第十二段虽然提到英

国央行行长马克.卡尼已经表达了自己对未来数月借款成本前景的看法，但并没有

明说他的立场究竟如何，I大此排除［C］“不同意马克.卡尼的看法”；第十二段倒数第

二句指出，布罗德本特在六月份货币政策委员会最后一次会议上投票赞成法定利率

维持现状，而有可能八月份再度做出同样的决定，但这一点并不能肯定，因此［D］

与原文不符，故排除。

9、Whichofthefollowingrelationsisrepeatedlytoucheduponbythosementioned

economistsandagencies?

A^TheU.K.'seconomyandBrexit.

B、Bankcredibilityandfinancialstability.

C、Interestratesandexports.

D^Inflationandpriceincreases.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。全篇提及的主要机构有穆迪和标准普尔，主要经济学家包括

穆迪公司副总裁凯瑟琳.穆尔布罗勒、标准普尔的格拉斯和英格兰银行副行长之一

布罗德本特，文章在第三段、第五段、第六段和第十一段讲到了他们关于脱欧对英

国经济影响的论述，可见这对关系是他们所普遍关注的，故［A］为答案，同时排除

［B］、［C］和［D］。

PassageThree(1)Forsomev/omen.enrollinginanengineeringcourseislikerunninga

psychologicalgauntlet.If(heydodgeovertproblemslikesexualharassment,sexistjokes,

orpoortreatmentfromprofessors,theyoftenstillhavetoevadesubtlerobstacleslikethe

implicittendencytoseeengineeringasamalediscipline.It'snowonderwomeninthe

U.S.holdjust13to22percentofthedoctoratesinengineering,comparedtoanalready-

low33percentinthesciencesasawhole.(2)NilanjanaDasgupta,fromtheUniversityof

MassachusettsinAmherst,thinksthatmentors—peoplewhocangiveadvice,share

experiences,ormakesocialconnections-candismantlethegauntlet,andhelpyoung

womentofindtheirplaceinanoftenhostilefield.(3)Inayear-longstudy—oneofthe

strongestyettolookatthevalueofmentorship-Dasguptashowedthatfemale

engineeringundergraduateswhoarcpairedwithafemalementorfeltmoremotivated,

moreself-assured,andlessanxiousthanthosewhohadeithernomentororamaleone.

Theywerelesslikelytodropoutoftheircourses,andkeenertolookforengineeringjobs

aftertheygraduated."Often,scienceismessyandthingsdon\turnoutneatly,"Dasgupta

says.Butinthisstudy,"itwasverygratifyinghowcleantheresultswere."(4)Shesees

mentorsas"socialvaccines".Justasmedicalvaccinespreparetheimmunesystemtodeal

withinfections,goodmentorsinoculatethemindagainstthestultifyingeffectsof

negativestereotypes."Andthisstudyisn'tjustaboutwomen,'addsRadhikaNagpal,

fromHarvardUniversity."It'saboutallthegroupswhohavebeenhistoricallyandlegally

excluded,andarenowslowlyenteringaworldfromwhichtheirmemberswerebarred.

There'safamoussaying:Youcan'tbewhatyoucan'tsee."(5)Between2011and2015,

DasguptaandhercolleagueTaraDennehyrecruited150womenwhoenrolledinthe

university'sengineeringcourse,andrandomlyassignedthem:oeitherafemalementor,a

malementor,ornomentor.Thementorswereallhigh-performingseniorstudentswho

sharedthesamemajorsastheirmcntccs.Afterabrieftrainingsession,theywereaskedto

meetwiththeirchargesonceamonth,andhelpthemtowrestlewithacademicproblems,

developlong-termplans,findasocialnetwork,andmore.(6)Ayearlater,Dennehyand

Dasguptasurveyedthevolunteers.Comparedtotheirmentorlesspeers,thestudentswith

femalementorsfeltmoreacceptedbytheirpeersandlessinvisible.Theyweremore

confidentintheirengineeringskills,andmorelikelytothinktheyhadatalentforthe

subject.Theyweremorelikelytothink(hattheirabilitytoovercometheiracademic

challengesoutweighed(hestressanduncertainty(heyfelt.(7)"It'snot(hathavinga

femalementorincreasedbelongingorconfidence—itjuslpreservedil,"Dasguptanotes.

Thisisacriticalpoint.Withoutanymentorshipatall,thevolunteersfeltincreasingly

anxious,under-confident,andoutoftheplacethroughtheyear.Butthementorshelped

tostraightenthesearcsthat,bydefault,veertowardsexclusionandattrition.(8)Thathas

long-termeffects.Asthemonthsworeon,DennehyandDasguptafoundthatwomen

withoutmemorsincreasinglythoughtaboutswitchingmajors,andbecamelesskeenon

pursuinggraduatedegreesinengineering.Bytheendofthefirstyear,11percentofthem

haddroppedout.Bycontrast,thestudentswithfemalementorsremainedequally

committedtotheirfields,andeverysingleoneofthemstayedthecourse.(9)Why?The

answerhadnothingtodowithacademicperformance:Thestudents'actualgradeshadno

bearingontheiroddsofstayinginengineering.Instead,"theactiveingredientsare

belongingandconfidence/'saysDasgupta."Humansaresocialanimals.Ourabilityalone

doesn'tdeterminewhetherwestayinorleaveafield.It'sabilitymixedinthatfeelingthat

theseareyourpeople,thisiswhereyoubelong.Absent,(hatevenhigh-perfbrmersmight

notfeelmotivatedtostay."Whichmakesyouwonder;Howmanybrilliantmindshave

beenlostfromengineeringandotherSTEMdisciplinesbecause(hosedisciplinesdidn't

createspacesforthem?(10)DennehyandDasguptaalsofoundthatmalementorswere

somewhatofamixedbag.Insomemeasures,theywerejustaseffectiveasfemale

mentors.Inothers,theywereindistinguishablefromhavingnomentoratall.Andin

somecases,theywereworse;Theyactuallyincreasedwomen'sanxietyabouttheir

performanceovertime.(11)Why?Dasguptaexpectedthatthefemalementorswould

providemoresocialandemotionalsupport—butthatwasn'tthecase.Thementorsall

keptdiariesabouttheirconversationswiththeirmentees,andtheserevealedthatboth

genderslargelytalkedaboutdiesamekindsofacademicproblems.Andthemcntecs

themselvesfeltthatthemalementorswerejustassupportiveandavailableasthefemale

ones.Instead,Dasguptaspeculatesthatthemenjustcouldn'tactasrolemodelsinthe

samewaythatotherwomencould,andsocouldn'tcatalyzethoseall-importantfeelings

ofbelonging.(12)That'snottosaythatthemenhavenoroletoplay."Theycould

connectwomentootherwomeninengineering,ortofemalefacultywhocoulddothe

workofsocialbelonginginawaythatthemalementorscan'tprovide(hemselves,"

Dasguptasays.(13)LinBianfromtheUniversityofIllinois,whorecentlyshowedthat

genderedstereotypesaboutintelligencetakerootattheyoungageof6,saysthat

Dasgupta'sstudyrevealshow"rolemodelsinoculatewomenagainstnegativebeliefs

duringcriticaltransitions."Thestartofcollegeisonesuchtransition-apointwhenlife

getsupended,andwhenpeoplefeelasurgeofuncertaintyabouttheirplaceintheworld.

That'swhenmentoringcanmakethemostdifference.(14)"Itmakesanincrediblecase

fornear-peermentoringtoincreasethegraduationrateofwomeninengineeringdegree

programs,"saysSheilaBoyington,thepresidentoftheMillionWomenMentors

initiative."Whilemuchofthestudyisindeedintuitive,itaffirmsawell-definedpath

forwardforuniversitiestofollowiftheywanttoincreasediversityinSTEM."(15)And

althoughmentoringisjustoneofmanypossiblesolutions,"it'snotaneither-orsituation,"

saysNagpaL"Weneedtodoeverything,likementoring,fightingsexistexclusionary

behaviors,trainingmentobehavebetter,andinvestingmoneyinbetterpractices.We

needtomakeupforacenturyofneither-nor."

1。、Theword"gauntlet"inPara.1maybeclosestinmeaningto.

A、ailment

B、stimulus

C、torture

D^incentive

标准答案；C

知识点解析：语义题。根据题干定位至第一段。设问词位于第一段首句，该句论述

就读工程学课程对于一些女性的心理意义。第二句中作者指出她们在这一学科中可

能面临的各种困难和问题，并且她们学习这一学科还存在的其他更加微妙的障碍，

可见设问词应该是负面含义的，因此首先排除［B］“刺激”和激励"；而［A］“疾病”

只能说明女性自身的问题，不符合随后提到的各种外界障碍和困难，故排除［A］；

而［C］“折磨”既能表达负面含义，乂能强调外部因素的影响，故为答案。

11、Accordingtotheauthor,mentorsarecomparedto"socialvaccines"becausethey

both.

A^helppeoplesetupanimmunesystem

B、getpeoplereadyforexternalinfluence

C、exertpositiveeffectsforIhewholesociety

D、eliminatenegativeeffectsofstereotypes

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干定位至第四段。该段第一句说，研究人员将导师们

视为“社会疫苗”，第二句提到，医药疫苗的功能是让免疫系统做好应对感染的准

备，而作为“社会疫苗”的导师，可以让头脑做好准备，抵御负面刻板印象，这说明

两者的共同点在于他们都能让人们对外部影响因素做好应对准备，这与［B］表述一

致，故［B］为答案。根据该段第二句，疫苗并不能让人们建立免疫系统，只是让已

有的免疫系统做好应对准备，故排除［A］；“社会疫苗”对社会产生什么样的效应，

这在原文并没有明确指出，故排除［C］；而［D］”消除陈旧观念的负面影响”，只是

“社会疫苗”的特点，不是两者的共同点。故排除。

12、Forthefemaleengineeringundergraduates,femalementorscanprovideaidinthe

followingaspectsEXCEPT.

A、sexualharassment

B、socialinteractions

C、psychologicalsupport

D^planningguidance

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干定位至第五段和第十一段。第五段最后一句提到了

导师们为学员提供的支持包括解决学业上的问题，制订长期计划和寻找社交网络，

凡此种种；而第十一段则提到女性导师会对学员进行指导，并作为行为榜样，激发

女性学员对学科的归属感，第十二段提到女性导师可以帮助学员建立社会归属感，

可见她们对学员的支持包括社会交往、心理支持和计划指导等，并没有性骚扰方

面,故［A］为答案,同时排除［B］、［C］和［D］。

13、AccordingtoDasgupta'sstudy,thekeytoawoman'ssuccessinengineering

is.

A、theoutstandingacademicperformance

B、achance(obeaccepted

C^extensivesocialinteractions

D、（hesenseofbelonging

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干定位至第十一段和第十二段。上文介绍了帮助女性

学生获得工程学科成功的一项探索性项目——建立导师制，说明了这个项目的研究

方法、过程和结果；而从第十一段开始，分析男女导师作用的差异时，文章指出女

性导师之所以效果更好，在于她们有一种行为榜样的力量，会使女性学员产生归属

感；而第十二段再次强调归属感对于女性学生获得成功的重要性，可见这个研究发

现，女性在工程学专业获得威功的关键在于建立归属感，故［D］为答案。笫九段第

二句指出，女性能否在工程专业坚持下来与课业表现无关，因此排除［A|；［B］的表

述与“归属感”有些相似，但强调的是外界的机会，而不是女性自身的感受，不符合

原文，故排除；广泛的社交活动属于导师们帮助的范畴，但并不是研究所发现的关

键，故排除［C］。

14^ThelasttwoparagraphsindicatethatNagpalandBoyinglonfeeltheprospectof

mentoringis.

A^ambiguous

B、gloomy

C、unlimited

D、promising

标准答案：D

知识点解析；推断题。根据题干分别定位至第十四段和第十五段。第十四段中，博

因顿对导师制度给予了高度评价，认为它“令人难以置信地提高了女性获得工程学

学位的比例”，并认为它为未来的发展提供了一条明晰的道路；而第十五段中纳格

普尔则认为导师制虽然只是其中一种解决方案，但它是人们对多年来性别壁垒不作

为的一种弥补，是可取的措施，可见这两位对导师制的前景都是比较看好的，故

［D］“有前途的”为答案,同时排除网“不明确的”和［B］“前景黯淡的”;而［C］“无限的”

程度太过，不符合原文，故排除。

二、简答题（本题共8题，每题上0分，共8分。）

PassageOne

15、Whatdid"I"meanbysaying"mycuriositywasnotaltogetheranidleone"inPara.

6?

标准答案："I"hadgoodreasonstoaskthequestion.

知识点解析：根据题干定位至第六段。结合上文，“我”问科格兰先生是哪里的人，

这引起了他的愤懑，他解释说，自己最不喜欢因相关的地方而被别人贴上一定的

"标签”，而第六段中“我”解释了自己对于人们地方特点的观察与认识，这也就是为

什么他会问到科格兰先生的家乡，再结合设问句的字面意思可知，“我”的意思是说

“我”如此问是有一定原因的，故答案为‘"Ihadgoodreasonstoaskthequestion.

16、Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldbethecharacteristicofa"cosmopolite"?

标准答案：Withloveforthewholeworldandbeingagainstlocalism.

知识点解析：对于世界公民的定义和特点几乎贯穿全文。首段第二句即指出，世界

公民对不同城市、国家和大洲都是不偏不倚，而第三句中提到的一位差不多算世界

公民的吉卜林先生，是为全世界写作的，而根据此后提到的科格兰的观点，世界各

地的人民都是兄弟，人们应该消除自己对于出生地的自豪感，也就是消除地方主义

观念，可见世界公民的特点就是热爱整个世界，反对地方主义，故答案为“With

loveforthewholeworldandbeingagainstlocalism.

PassageTwo

17、WhatdidKathrinMuehlbronnerpredictinPara.3?

标准答案：PossibleoutcomesoftheBrexitnegotiation.

知识点解析：根据题干定位至第三段.该段最后一句提到，程迪副总裁凯瑟琳・程

尔布罗勒认为，由于政府目前的H标定位是倾向于追求硬性脱欧，很有可能最终的

脱欧是具有破坏性的，也许无法达成协议并回归世界贸易组织交易规则，这种不良

态势的可能性相较全民公投之时已经增大了，可见她是在对脱欧谈判的结果进行一

些分析和预测，故答案为“PossibleoutcomesofiheBrexitnegolialion.

18、Accordingtothepassage,whatdoestheword"they"refertoinPara.9?

标准答案：Thepriceincreases.

知识点解析：根据题干定位至第九段。设问词所在句指出尽管提高价格在一定程度

上是一种选择性行为，但对于依赖进口的公司而言，在汇率下跌导致进口成木增加

的情况下，这可能是不得已而为由此可•知，此处的“they”指价格增长，故答案

为"Thepriceincreases.

19、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

标准答案：ThepredictionontheU.K.*seconomicslowdownanditsreasons.

知识点解析：文章开门见山，指出评测机构认为英国经济本年将失去动力；随后引

入两家主要评测机构和几位主要经济学家的观点，以及一些重要数据，分析了英国

经济目前面临的各种主要压力和不利因素，一方面支持了开篇提出的观点，另一方

面也分析了英国经济可能放缓的主要原因，故答案为“Thepredictiononthe

U.K.'seconomicslowdownanditsreasons.

PassageThree

20、Whatdoesthefirst"it"in"itjustpreservedit"refertoinPara.7?

标准答案：Havingafemalementor.

知识点解析：根据题干定位至第七段。该段第•句前半句提到，拥有•名女性导师

并没有增强归属感或自信心，后半句为itjustpreservedit,根据上下文关系，可知

两个il分别对应指代“拥有女性导师”和“归属感和自信心”，故答案为“Havinga

femalementor.

21NWhyarcmalementorssaidtobe"amixedhag"inPara.10?

标准答案：Theirinfluenceonmenteesissometimespositivebutsometimesnegative.

知识点解析：根据题T定位至第十段。设问词组出现在该段第一句，指出男性导师

的作用和效果。从第二句开始，作者解释说，男性导师在•定程度上和女性导师•

样有效，而另一方面却和没有导师的情况并无二致，在某些情况