专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷33

专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷33

一、阅读理解（本题共25题，每题1.0分，共25分。）

Bacteriaareextremelysmall'ivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesor

centimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofa

millimeter;apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallytwoto

fourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyou

enlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofa

pinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile（1.6

kilometers）tall.Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.

Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarcbarelyvisibleastinyrods

ordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecansee

thatsomebacteriahaveattachedto（hemwavy-looking"hairs"calledflagella（鞭毛）.

Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthe

water.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,while

otherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism.Fromthe

bacterialpointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toa

bacterium,waterisasthickasmolassesistous.Bacteriaarcsosmallthattheyarc

influencedbythemovementsofthechemicalmolecules（分子）aroundthem.Bacteria

underthemicroscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutinthewater.This

isbecausetheycollidewiththewatermoleculesandarepushedthiswayandthat.

Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesarounda

bacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones.Evenbacteriawithoutflagellaarethus

constantlyexposedtoachangingenvironment.

1、Whichofthefollowingis（rueaccordingtothepassage?

A、Rod-shapedbacteriaaregenerallylargerthanroundedones.

B、Ifweenlargedarod-shapedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldstillbesmallerthan

apinhead.

C>Ifoneusedamicroscopewithamagnificationof100times,hecanseethestructure

ofabacteriumclearly.

D^Watermoleculesmovesoquicklythatabacteriumcannotmoveinthewater.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文中第一段“Rod—shapedbacteriaareusuallytwotofourmicrons

long,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter'',可明显得出rod­

shapedbacteriaLLroundedbacteria要大，故A正确。

2、Accordingtothepassage,onewhoexaminesbacteriawithanordinarymicroscope,

usingamagnificationof100timeswillsee.

Astinyrods

B、stains

C、wavy-lookinghairs

D、detailedstructures

标准答案:A

知识点解析：根据文中第二段前两句"Usingamagnificaticnof100times,onefinds

thatbacteriaayebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots”，故选A。

3、Theenvironmentaroundbacteriaisalwayschangingbecause.

A、moleculesaroundbacteriamoveveryfast

B、thewaterisasthickasmolasses

C、thereisalargenumberofmoleculesaroundbacteria

D、newbacteriaalwaysreplacetheoldones

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文章第三段“Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofa

secondthemoleculesaroundabacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones”,故选

Ao

4、Theauthorcompareswatertomolassesinordertoshow.

A^howdifficultitisforbacteriatomovethroughthewater

B、howdifferentthebacterialworldisfromthehumanworld

C、howthewatermoleculeswork

whatdifferentbacteriaoneliquidcontainsfromanother

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由文章第三段前三句可知作者将水比作糖浆是为了说明“水对于细菌

来说就相当于糖浆对于人类一样稠，所以细菌在水中运动起来就很困难”，故选

Ao

5、Therelationshipbetweenabacteriumanditsflagellaismostsimilartowhichofthe

following?

A^Aflagattachedtoastick.

B、Acowboyonthecow'sback.

C、Adoorclosedbyanaughtyboy.

D、Aboatpushedbythemotor.

标准答案：D

知识点解析:根据文章第二段最后几句“…somebacteriahaveattachedtothem

wavy—looking'hairs'calledflagella...Theflagellarotate»pushing(hebacteriathrough

thewater。”可知D更确切。

Thereisnodenyingthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingabouthowcomputerswork,just

asweexpectthematleasttounderstandthattheintcrnai-combustionengine(内燃机)

hassomethingtodowithburningfuel,expandinggasesandpistonsbeingdrive.For

peopleshouldhavesomebasicideaofhow(hethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo.

Furthenstudentsmightbehelpedbyacoursethatconsidersthecomputer'simpacton

society.But(hatisno(whatismeantbycomputerliteracy.Forcomputerliteracyisnota

formofliteracy(读写能力);itisatradeskillthatshouldnotbetaughtasaliberalart.

Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowtoprogramonearetwodistinct

activities.Acasemightbemadethatthecompetentcitizensoftomorrowshouldfree

themselvesfromtheirfearofcomputers.Butthisisquitedifferentfromsayingthatall

oughttoknowhowtoprogramone.Leavethattopeoplewhohavechosenprogramming

asacareer,whileprogrammingcanbelotsoffun,andwhileoursocietyneedssome

peoplewhoareexpertsatit,thesameistrueofautorepairandviolin-making.Learning

howtousecomputerisnotthatdifficult,anditgetseasierallthetimeasprograms

becomemore"user-friendlyLetusassumethatinthefutureeveryoneisgoingtohave

toknowhowtouseacomputertobeacompetentcitizen.Whatdocsthephrase"learning

touseacomputer"mean?Itsoundslike"learningtodriveacar",thatis,itsoundsasif

thereissonicsetofdefiniteskillsthat,onceacquired,enableonetouseacomputer.In

fact,"learningtouseacomputer"ismuchmorelike"learningtoplayagame,"but

learningtherulesofonegamemaynothelpyouplayasecondgame,whoserulesmay

notbethesame.Thereisnosuchathingasteachingsomeonehowtouseacomputer.

Onecanonlyteachpeopletouse(hisorthatprogramandgenerallythatiseasily

accomplished.

6、Tohethecompetentcitizensoftomorrow,peopleshould.

A、trytolayasolidfoundationincomputerscience

B、beawareofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo

C、learntouseacomputerbyacquiringacertainsetofskills

D、understandthatprogrammingacomputerismoreessentialthanrepairingacar

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第二段Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowto

programonearetwodistinctactivities.Acasemightbemadethatthecompetent

citizensoftomorrowshouldfreethemselvesfromtheirfearo:computers.可知C正

确。

7、Inthesecondparagraph"violin-making"ismentionedtoshowthat.

A、programmingacomputerisasinterestingasmakingaviolin

B、oursocietyneedsexpertsindifferentfields

C、violin-makingrequiresasmanyskillsascomputerprogramming

D、peoplewhocanuseacomputerdon'tnecessarilyhavetoknowcomputerprogram

标准答案：D

知识点解析：thesameistrueofautorepairandviolin—making.在这里用autorepair

和violin-making分别指代使用电脑和懂得编程的人。

8、Learningtouseacomputerisgettingeasierallthetimebecause.

A、programsarcbecominglesscomplicated

B、programsaredesignedtobeconvenienttousers

C、programmingisbecomingeasierandeasier

D、programsarcbecomingreadilyavailabletocomputerusers

标准答案：B

知识点力单析：Learninghowtousecomputerisnot(hatdifficult,anditgetseasierall

thetimeasprogramsbecomemore"user-friendly”.此题的关键是理解"user-friendly”

的意思，“对用户友好的，容易使用的故选B。

9、Accordingtotheauthor,thephrase"learningtouseacomputer"(Para.3)means

learning.

A^asetofrules

B、thefundamentalofcomputerscience

C、specificprograms

D、generalprinciplesofprogramming

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由文章最后一句Onecanonlyteachpeopletousethisorthatprogram

andgenerallythatiseasilyaccomplished.可知选C。

10^Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis.

A、tostresstheimpactofthecomputeronsociety

B、toexplaintheconceptofcomputerliteracy

C、toillustratetherequirementforbeingcompetentcitizensoftomorrow

D、toemphasizethatcomputerprogrammingisaninterestingandchallengingjob

标准答案：B

知识点解析：诵读全文可知，作者主要讲述的是便用计算机能力的•些内容，A、

C、D所述均不正确，只有B项是作者的写作目的所在。

Honeybeescannotlivealone.Theirbodystructureandinstinctsequipthemfbrlifeina

colonyorcommunity,where(heyhaveacomplexsocialorganizationandthevarious

dutiesaredividedamong(heindividualsaccordingtophysicalfitnessandage.An

individualworkerbeecannotproduceitself.Whileitmaycontinuetoliveifforcibly

isolatedfromitsmates,itfailstocarefbritselfadequately,andsoondies.Mostinsects

havetheabilitytohibernateinwinter,butthehoneybeeseemstohavelostthis.Sinceat

lowtemperaturesthebeewilldie,itmusthavetheabilitytomakeitsownenvironment,

sofarastemperatureisconcerned.Thismakesacolonyisnecessarytothebeesin

winter,sothattheymaycollectivelywarmeachother.Efficiency,ifnotnecessarily,

demandsthattheworkofthecolonybedivided,andsuchadivisionoflabortendsto

enhancetheneedtomaintainthecolony.Thephysicalstructureofthehoneybeeis

furthersuitedfbrthedefenseoftheentirecolonyratherthanfbritsowndefense.The

hcc'sbarbedstingisusedonlyonceandismademoreeffectivebythefactthatitisleft

behindinthevictim.Withthelossofthesting,however,thebeedies.Thiskindof

defensiveweaponisnotofservicetotheindividual,buttothecommunity.

11、Accordingtothepassage,beesarefittedforcommunallifebyvirtueof

their.

A、flexibilityandinitiative

B、intelligenceandsensitivity

C、independenceandendurance

D、instinctsandform

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由第一段首句Honeybeescannotlivealone.Theirbodystructureand

instinctsequipthemforlifeillacolonyorcommunity.可知选D。

12、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatatonetimebeeshadtheabilityto.

A^increasetheiractivityinlowertemperatures

B、leavecoldclimatesduringwinter

C、remaininactivethroughperiodsofcoldweather

D、constructinsulatedhives

标准答案：C

知识点解析；从文中第五句Mostinsectshavetheabilitytohibernateinwinter,but

thehoneybeeseemstohavelostthis.可知昆虫有冬天冬眠的能力，但是蜜蜂可能已

经失去了这个能力。推断曾经蜜蜂可能具有这个能力。故选C。

13、Accordingtothepassage,beesdifferfrommostothercommunitiesofinsectsin

theirneedto.

A^reproduceinlargenumbers

B、controlthetemperaturewheretheylive

C、dividetheworkoftheircolonies

D^haveacomplexdefensesystem

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从文中Efficiency,ifnotnecessarily,demandsthattheworkofthe

colonybedivided,andsuchadivisionoflabortendstoenhancetheneedtomaintain

thecolony可知蜜蜂需根据它们工种的不同来进行工作分工，这也是它们与其他昆

虫的不同之处，故选C。

14、Accordingtothepassage,thehoneybee'sstingisparticularlyeffectivebecause

it.

A^hasmanypotentialuses

B、cankillseveralvictimsatonce

C、islocatedintherearofthebee'sbody

remainswiththebee'svictim

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从文中Thebee'sbarbedstingisusedonlyonceandismademore

effectivebythefactthatitisleftbehindinthevictim.可知D正确。

15、Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

A、TheCommunalLifeofBees

B、TheStructureoftheBee

C>TheOrganizationofInsectColonies

D、TheLifeoftheSocialInsects

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文章最后内容可知，文章阐述的是蜜蜂的群居生活。故AXL

Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateaboutdiversity(多样化)istakingplace.It

istakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.HereattheCollegeFund,wehavealotof

contactwithtopcorporate(公司的)leaders:noneofthemistalkingaboutgettingridof

thoseinstrumentsthatproducediversity.Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesareto

competeintheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.

Theyalsosaythat(heneedfortalented,skilledAmericansmeanswehavetoexpandthe

poolofpotentialemployees.Andinlookingatwherebirthratearegrowingandatwhere

(hepopulationisshifting,corporateAmericaunderstands(hatexpandingthepoolmeans

promotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities,morewomen,andmore

immigrancs.Corporateleadersknowihaiifthatdoesn'toccurinoursociety,theywillnoi

havetheengineers,thescientists,thelawyers,orthebusinessmanagers(heywillneed.

Likewise,Idon'thearpeopleintheacademysaying,"Let'sgcbackward.Let'sgobackto

(hegoodolddays,whenwehadameritocracy(不拘一格选人才)"，whichwasnever

(rue-weneverhadameritocracy,althoughwe'vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years.I

recentlyvisitedagreatlittlecollegeinNewYorkwherethecampushasdoubledits

minoritypopulationinthelastsixyears.ItalkedwithanAfricanAmericanwhohasbeen

professorthereforalongtime.Andsheremembersthatwhenshefirstjoinedthe

community,therewerefewerthanahandfulofminoritiesoncampus.Nowallofusfeel

thewayisbetterbecauseofthediversity.Sowherewehearthisdebatesisprimarilyin

politicalcirclesandinthemedia—notincorporateboardroomsoroncollegecampuses.

16、Theword"imperative"(Para.1)mostprobablyrefers(osomething.

A、superficial

B、remarkable

C、debatable

D、essential

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文中具体语言环境可知该词的意思为“必需的，不可缺少的“，故

选D。

17、Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplestilldifferintheirviewsondiversity?

A、Minorities.

B、Politicians.

C、Professors.

D^Managers.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据文中前两句Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateabout

diversity(多样化)istakingplace.Itistakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.可知对

多样化的讨论多发生在政界，所以应该是政客谈论的较多。故选B。

18>Highcorporateleadersseemtobeinfavorofpromotingdiversitysoasto.

A、lowertherateofunemployment

B、Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C、becompetitiveintheworldmarket

D^satisfythedemandofagrowingpopulation

标准答案：C'、

知识点解析：根据文中第一段Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesaretocompete

intheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.可知公

司要在市场上更具竞争力就要注意多样化发展，故C正确。

19、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A、meritocracycanneverberealizedwithoutdiversity

B、Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C、ItisunlikelythatdiversitywilloccurintheU.S.media

D、minoritiescanonlyenterthefieldswherenodebateisheardaboutdiversity

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文中第二段...whichwasnevertrue------weneverhada

meritocracy,althoughwe,vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years.及后面的Nowall

ofusfeelthewayisbetterbecauseofthediversity.可知I选A。

2。、Accordingtothepassage,diversitycanbeachievedinAmericansociety

by-------------

A、expandingthepoolofpotentialemployees

B、promotingthepoolofpotentialemployees

C、trainingmoreengineers,scientists,lawyersandbusinessmanagers

D、providingeducationforallregardlessofraceorsex

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文章意思Americaunderstandsthatexpandingthepoolmeans

promotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities,morewomen,andmore

immigrants.因此D为正确选项。

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesor

centimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofa

millimeter;apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusually(wolo

fourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyou

enlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofa

pinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile(1.6

kilometers)tall.Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.

Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarcbarelyvisibleastinyrods

ordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecansee

thatsomebacteriahaveattachedto(hemwavy-looking"hairs"calledHagella(鞭毛).

Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthe

water.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,while

otherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism.Fromthe

bacterialpointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toa

baclurium,waterisasthick.asmolassesislous.Bacteriaarcsosmallthattheyarc

influencedbythemovementsofthechemicalmolecules(分子)aroundthem.Bacteria

under(hemicroscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutin(hewater.This

isbecausetheycollidewiththewatermoleculesandarepushedthiswayandthat.

Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesarounda

bacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones.Evenbacteriawithoutflagellaarcthus

constantlyexposedtoachangingenvironment.

21、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A、Rod-shapedbacteriaaregenerallylargerthanroundedones.

B、Ifwcenlargedarod-shapedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldstillbesmallerthan

apinhead.