专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷12（共194题）

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷12（共

9套）

（共194题）

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷第1套

一、选择题（本题共14题，每题1.0分，共分。）

DrivingalongSouthStreet,wheretheLosAngelessprawlmeetssprawlingOrange

County,youenterandleaveCerritosthreetimes.Althoughthecityisconfusingly

shaped,itiseasytotellwhereitbegins.Overheadpowercablesabruptlydisappearand

rununderground.Thegrass,wateredbyinnumerablesprinklers,isabrightershadeof

green.Indeed,ablindmancouldtellwheretheboundarylies.CrossingintoArtesiathere

isabump,followedbyaseriesofclumsilypatchedpotholes;afewhundredyardslater

youre-enterCerritosandtheroadissmoothagain.Cerritoscannotboastaglorious

history,oldmoneyornaturalbeauty.Fiftyyearsagoitwasaflatareaoffarmlandknown

asDairyValley.Thesedays,"it'saterriblyunremarkableplaceonthewayto

Disneyland,"saysTomIrish,apropertydeveloper.Yetthissmallsuburbancityofsome

55,000peoplehasbecomeremarkablethankstosuperbmanagementandgeographical

goodfortune.ItrevealsmuchaboutwhyAmerica'ssuburbsaresoappealing,andhow

theyarechanging.Likeanincreasingnumberofsuburbs,Cerritosisbothabedroom

communityandaneconomicengine.Itbegantoprosperintheearly1970swhenit

encouragedcardealerstoclusternearthemotorwaythatclipsitswesternedge.Fully27

outfitsnowtradethere,makingitthelargestsuchcentreinacar-obsessedstate.Cenitos

alsohasashoppingmallanda"towncenter'1,otherwiseknownasanofficepark.Asa

result,ithasfarmorejobsthanworkingresidents.Lastyearthecitycollected$483in

salestaxesperperson—morethantheglitzycityofSantaMonica.Andithasleased,not

sold,itsland,soafuturestreamofmoneyisguaranteed.Whatgoesoninsidetheoffices

seemslessimportanttolocalsthanwhattheylooklike.Thecityhasmunicipalcodesto

rivalthoseofnotoriouslystaidIrvine,aplannedcityinOrangeCounty:don'teventhink

aboutinstallingarotating,blinkingoroscillatingsign.Sculpturesadorncardealers*

forecourts.Cerritos'sbusylibraryiscoveredwithtitanium;itsWal-Martiscladin

granite.Ithasanopulentperformingartscentrethatwillhostsome140impeccably

populistactsthisyear.Buildingworkisunderwayonthelocaljail,knownforgood

reasonasthe"sheriffshotel".AlthoughCerritoshasacontractwithLosAngeles's

countysherifffbritspolicing,itpaysforthebuildingandtheofficers.Theyhavesomeof

theeasiestjobsinCalifornia.Sofarthisyear53seriousassaultshavebeenrecorded,abit

lessthanonepercop.Thecityissopeaceful,saysDarylEvans,thepolicecaptain,that

gangmembersfromnearbycitiesoccasionallymeettheretoplaybasketball,knowing

theywillnotbeattackedbyrivals.Ofcourse,manyAmericancitieshavebuiltparks,

performing-artscentresandfancylibrarieswhilestrugglingfinancially.Thekeyto

Cerritos'ssuccessmaybethetimingofitsinvestments.CitiessuchasClevelandand

Baltimorepouredmoneyintomuseumsandothergrandprojectsinthevainhopethat

theywouldlurebusinessesandyoung,creativefolk.Cerritosbeganbybuildingpipelines

androads,thenmovedontobusinessparks,policingandschools(includingCalifornia's

besthighschool).Onlywhenitwasrollinginmoneydiditbreakoutthetitanium.Local

officialsattributethecity'ssuccesstofiscaldisciplineandtheabilitytofollowalong­

termplan.That,inturn,istheresultofitspoliticalculture.Cerritoshasatraditionof

powerful,long-servingcitymanagers,towhomlocalpoliticiansfrequentlydefer.As

LauraLee,themayor,explains,"Therearemanythingswe,aselectedofficials,donot

understand."Voters,itseems,likethisarrangementgreatly.Ina2002poll,an

astonishing96%ofresidentssaidtheyweresatisfiedwiththeprovisionofpublic

services.Suchsingle-mindednessisparticularlystrikinggiventhecity'sdiversity.In

1980whitescomprisedmorethanhalfofthepopulation.ThesedaysAsiansdo.Striving

immigrantsarecauseandconsequenceofthecity'sexcellentschools:inCerritosHigh

School,pupilswhospeakinadequateEnglishscorebetterinmathematicsteststhanthose

whospeakEnglishfluently.Yetthenewcomershavenotformedghettos.Thelastcensus

showedthatwhitesandAsiansweremoreintermixedinCerritosthaninallbut16other

Americancities.Whiteswereevenmoremixed-upwithblacksandHispanics.These

daysCerritosfacesstrongcompetition.Itscarmallhasinspiredimitators?asaresult,the

valueofsaleshasflattenedwhilethenumberofvehiclessoldseemstobefalling.Asthe

cityages,publicserviceswillcomeunderincreasingstrain.Drasticdeclineisunlikely,

butthecitymaybeovertaken-thoughitisalmostcertainthattheplacesdoingthe

overtakingwillbebland,car-orientedandsuburban.

1、Theword"sprawl"inthefirstparagraphindicatesthat.

A、thelandscapeofOrangeCountyisoflittlevariety

B、OrangeCountyislocatedinaplainofaconsiderablesize

C>partsofOrangeCountyextenduntidilyindifferentdirections

D、OrangeCountyislocatedinamountainousarea

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语义题。第一段中“sprawl”一词出现了两次，在“theLosAngeles

sprawl”中用作名词，在“sprawlingOrangeCounty”中用作动词，根据谓语动词

“meet”可知,“theLosAngelessprawl“和"sprawlingOrangeCounty”所指的是两个区

域，而且是两个区域向外延伸的边缘地带；结合“spraw『的原意”摊开四肢随意地

躺”可知，“sprawl”用于城市，意为“向四面八方凌乱地扩展、蔓延”，故答案为

[C]o

2、Accordingtothefifthparagraph,wccaninferthat.

A、thetotalnumberofcopsinCerritosisnolessthan53

B、gangmembersofnearbycitiesenjoyimmunityinCerritos

C、thecrimeratesinCerritosarcrelativelylow

D、LosAngelescountrysheriffisresponsiblefortheexpenseofpolicingCerritos

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。第五段第二句提到“AlthoughCerritoshasacontractwithLos

Angeles'scountysherifffbritspolicing,itpaysfbrthebuildingandtheofficers”,尽管

与洛杉矶县警签有维持治安的协议，喜瑞都还是负责警方的建设经费和警员的开

销，故答案为［D］。接着该段第四句提到“...53seriousassaultshavebeenrecorded,a

bitlessthanonepercopM,记录在案的严重伤害案件共53起，平均每个警员不到一

起,可推知喜瑞都的警员总数超过53人，故排除闻和［C］；第五句提到“Thecityis

sopeaceful...thatgangmembersfromnearbycitiesoccasionallymeettheretoplay

basketball,knowingthevwillnotbeattackedbyrivals”,喜瑞都如此和平，邻城的黑

帮成员偶尔会聚在这儿H打篮球，因为他们知道在这儿不会遭到敌对团伙的袭击，

故排除［B］。

3、WhichofthefollowingdocsNOTaccountfbrCerritos'ssuccess?

A、Propertimingofinvestments.

B、Advantageouslocation.

C、Wealthofpreviousgenerations.

D、Superbmanagement.

标准答案；C」

知识点解析：细节题。第二段首句提到“Cerritoscannotboast…oldmoney…”，喜瑞

都没有传统的资本可以边耀，故答案为［0。第六段第二句提到“Thekeyt。

Cerritos'ssuccessmaybethetimingofitsinvestments'',喜瑞都成功的关键在于投资

时机的恰当选择，故排除［A］；第二段第四句提至IJ“…thankstosuperbmanagemenl

andgeographicalgoodfortune,,»得益于出色的市政管理和地缘优势，因此排除［B］

和［D］。

4、Accordingtothepassage,whatimpressioncanwegetonCerritos?

Thegeographicboundariesofthecityareoftheremarkablyregularshape.

B、Itisathrivingcommercialcenterratherthanaresidentialsite.

C、Itisoneofthemoststaidlyplannedcitiesintheregion.

D^Itboastsalifestylethatisrichinartandrecreation.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。第四段末句提到“Ithasanopulentperformingartscentrethat

willhostsome140impeccablypopulistactsthisyear”：可见，喜瑞都市的文化艺术生

活十分丰富，故答案为［D］。会一段首句提到“DrivingalongSouthStreet,...you

enterandleaveCerritosthreetimes”，驾车沿SouthStreet行驶将会三进三出喜瑞都

市，根据该段第二句的“…thecityisconfusinglyshaped”可知，喜瑞都市的版图形状

极不规则，故排除［A］；第三段首句提到“…Cerritosisbothabedroomcommunityand

aneconomicengine”,故排除［B］；第四段第二句提到“Thecityhasmunicipalcodesto

rivalthoseofnotoriouslystaidIrvine,aplannedcityinOrangeCounty...,,,喜瑞都的

市政规划理念与橙县的欧文市恰恰相反，欧文市的规划以古板闻名，故排除［C］。

In1751,SwedishbotanistCarolusLinnaeuscameupwiththenovelideaofusingflowers

asclocks.Morninggloriesopentheirtrumpct-likcpetalsaround10a.m.,waterliliesat

11andsoonthrougheveningprimrosesandmoonflowers.Afullarrayofthese

blossoms,plantedinacircle,couldindicatethetime.Itwasawhimsicalnotion.But

some250yearslater,scientistsareseriouslyinterestedinthetimekeepingmechanismsof

nature."They'resoubiquitous,they'realmostasignatureoflife,"saysmolecular

neuroscientistRussellFosterofImperilCollege,London.Fromcockroachestohumans,

Fosterexplorestheseinternalclocksinafascinatingnewbook,RhythmofLife,co-

authoredwithBritishsciencewriterLeonKreitzman.Theauthorshowhowthedaily

patternsknownascircadianrhythmsinfluencefarmorethanoursleep.Heartattacksare

morecommoninthemorning.Womentendtogotolaborintheevening.Severeasthma

prevailatnight.Althoughwemayjetacrosstimezones,circadianrhythmsrule.The

booktracesthecentury-longquesttounraveltheirmechanisms,withsomestarting

outcomes-includingtherecentdiscoverythatcertaingenesswitchonandoffin24hour

cycles.Evenourresponsestomedicinesmaydependonwhenwetakethem.Naturehas

devisedinternalclocksforasimplereason:theyaidsurvival."Theearlybirdreallydoes

getthework,"—thankstoasilentwakc-upcallbeforedawn.Amimosaplantspreadsits

fernIikeleavesduringthedaytocreatethemaximumsurfaceareaforphotosynthesis,

thenfoldsthemupatnighttoreducewater-vaporloss.It'snotamereresponsetolight.

"Theydothisevenwhenkeptinthedark,"saysbiologistEugeneMaurakisofthe

ScienceMuseumofVirginia.Inhumans,themasterclockisatinyclumpofcellsinthe

braincalledthesuprachiasmaticnuclei.Theclocksisresetdailybysignalsfromanovel

typeofphotoreceptorintheeyethatFosterdiscovered."Theblindrelyonit,too,

providedtheireyeshaven'tbeenremoved,"hesays.Theresultisanorchestratedseriesof

biologicaleventsthatunfoldsinsequence.Inthehoursbeforebreakfast,thebody

releasesdigestiveenzymesgraduallytobereadyforthefirstmeal.Temperatureand

bloodpressureriseinpreparationfortheday'sdemands.Thishelpsexplainthemorning

increaseintheheartattacks.Cellsreproduceatsettimes.Hormonesriseandfall-many

ofthemaccordingtoapredeterminedschedule.Theimplicationsformedicineare

profound.Bytimingtreatmentstocomplementdailychangesinbiochemistry,theauthors

argues,wccanboostefficacyandreducesideeffects.Inoneseminaltrial,medical

oncologistWilliamHrusheskyoftheDornV.A.MedicalCenterinColumbia,S.C.,

foundthatbysimplyreversingthetimeswhenheadministeredtwochemotherapeutic

drugs,hecouldextendsurvivalinwomenwithadvancedovariancancerfrom11percent

atfiveyearsto44ChronobiologyInternational,morethanadozenailmentscancurrently

benefitfromcarefullytin:edtreatments.Inonerecentstudy,henotes,somethingas

simpleaslow-doseaspirinatbedtimereducedtherateofpretermdeliverinpregnant

womenatriskforhypertensionfrom14percenttozero.Aspirininthemorninghadlittle

effect.Surprised?NottoFosterandKreitzman.Astheyshow,timingiseverything.

5、Whatdoestheword"ubiquitous"inthefirstparagraphsuggest?

A^Allkindsofflowerscanindicatethetime.

B、Thelimekeepingmechanismsareuniquetoflowers.

C^Everylivingthinginnaturehasgotthetimekeepingmechanisms.

D^Theideaofusingflowersasclockshasbeenwidelyacknowledged.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。首段倒数第一句指出，它们无处不在，几乎成为生命的信

号。这里的“它们”指代前文提到的大自然的计时功能，因此答案为［C］。［A］在前文

中出现过，但与题干无关；［B］与原文意思相反，故排除；［D］在原文中没有提及，

故排除。

6、AccordingtothebookRhythmsofLife,whichofthefollowingstatementsis

CORRECT?

A^ItiswrittenbyamolecularneuroscientistFoster.

B、Severeasthmaisnotcommonatnight.

C^Medicinesalwaysfunctionwellprovidedthattheyhavelittlesideeffects.

D、Circadianrhythmsinfluenceusinvariousaspects.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。第二段第二句中指出，作者在书中写到，每日的生活模式，

也就是生理节奏，不仅仅影响睡眠。紧接着又叙述各种病症在一天中都有高发时

段。由此可以推出，生理节奏影响着我们生活的很多方面，故选［D］。第二段第一

句指出，《生命的节奏》是Foster和另外一名科学家LeonKretzman一起撰稿的，

因此排除|A|；根据第二段第五句可知，严重的哮喘常常在晚间发作，因此排除

［B］；根据第二段最后一句可知，甚至连我们对药物的反应也与服药时间有关，因

此排除［C］。

7、WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTconcerningthemimosaplant?

A、Themimosaplantunfoldsitsleavestogetlight.

Themimosaplantfoldsleavestopreventwaterfromlosingatnight.

C、Themimosaplantdevisesinternalclocksinordertosurvive.

D、Ifthemimosaplantisplacedinthedark,theinternalclocksdon'tworkverywell.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。艰据第三段倒数第一、二句可知，这不仅仅是对光的反应。

弗吉尼亚科学博物馆的生物学家EugeneMaurakis说：“它们在黑暗中也如此。”可

以判断［D］为错误表述，故为答案。第三段第三句说含羞草在白天时舒展叶子，从

而使尽可能大的表面进行光合作用，而晚上为了防止水分蒸发，含羞草的叶子会卷

曲。［A］、［B］分别为这两层意思的同义表达，故排除；第三段开头提到，自然界有

内部计时功能，原因很简单：内部计时功能帮助它们生存下来。因此［C］也是原文

的正确表述，故排除。

Mostmenliveinharness.Richardwasoneofthem.Typicallyhehadnoawarenessof

howhismaleharnesswaschokinghimuntilhispersonalandprofessionallifeandhis

bodyhadnearlyfallenapart.Hehadtogetsickinhisharnessandnearlybedestroyedby

role-playingmasculinitybeforehecouldallowhimselftobeapersonwithhisown

feelings,ratherthanjustahollowmaleimage.Haditnotbeenforableedingulcerhe

mighthavepostponedlookingathimselfformanyyearsmore.Likemanymen,Richard

hadbeenazombie,adaytimesleep-walker.Worsestill,hehadbeenahighly

"successful"zombie,whichmadeitsodifficultforhimtoriskchange.Ourcultureis

saturatedwithsuccessfulmalezombies,businessmenzombies,golfzombies,sportscar

zombies,playboyzombies,etc.Theyhavelosttouchwith,orarerunningawayfrom,

theirfeelingsandawarenessofthemselvesaspeople.Theyhaveconfusedtheirsocial

masksfortheiressenceandtheyaredestroyingthemselveswhilefulfillingthetraditional

definitionsofmasculine-appropriatebehavior.Theyaretheheroes,theproviders,the

warriors,theempirebuilders,thefearlessones.Theirrealityisalwaysapproached

throughtheseveilsofgenderexpectations.Menevaluateeachotherandareevaluatedby

manywomenlargelybythedegreetowhichtheyapproximatetheidealmasculinemodel.

Womenhaverightfullylashedoutagainstbeingplacedintoamold.Manywomenhave

describedtheirrolesinmarriageasaformofsociallyapprovedprostitution.Theyassert

thattheyarcsellingthemselvesoutforanunfulfillingportionofsupposedsecurity.For

psychologicallydefensivereasonsthemalehasnotyetcometoseehimselfasa

prostitute,dayinanddayout,bothinandoutofthemarriagerelationship.Themale's

inherentsurvivalinstinctshavebeenstuntedbytheseeminglymorepowerfuldriveto

maintainhismasculineimage.Hewould,forexample,ratherdieinthebattlethanrisk

livinginadifferentwayandbeingcalleda"coward"or"notaman”.Asarecently

publishedstudyconcluded,"Asurprisingnumberofmenapproachingseniorcitizenship

saytheywouldratherdiethanbeburiedinretirement."Themaleinourcultureisata

growthimpasse.Hewon'tmove—notbecauseheisprotectinghischerishedcentralplace

inthesun,butbecausehecantmove.HeisacardboardGoliathprecariouslybalanced

andonthevergeoftopplingoverifheispushedeversoslightlyoutofhiswell-worn

path.Helacksthefluidityofthefemalewhocanreadilymovebetweenthetraditional

definitionsofmaleorfemalebehaviorandroles.Shecanbewifeandmotherora

businessexecutive.Shecandressintypicallyfemininefashionoradoptthemalestyles.

Shewillbelovedforhaving"feminine"interestssuchasneedleworkorcooking,orshe

willbeadmiredforsharingwiththemaleinhis"masculine"interests.Shecanbe

sexuallyassertiveorsexuallypassive.Meanwhile,themaleisrigidlycaughtinhis

masculineposeand,inmanysubtleandindirectways,heisseverelypunishedwhenhe

stepsoutofit.Unlikesomeoftheproblemsofwomen,theproblemsofmenarenot

readilychangedthroughlegislation.Themalehasnoapparentandclearlydefinedtargets

againstwhichhecanventhisrage.Yetheisoppressedbytheculturalpressuresthathave

deniedhimhisfeelings,bythemythologyofthewomanandthedistortedandself-

destructivewayheseesandrelatestoher,andbytheurgencyforhimto"actlikeaman"

whichblockshisabilitytorespondtohisinnerpromptingsbothemotionallyand

physiologically,andbyageneralizedself-hatethatcauseshimtofeelcomfortableonly

whenheisfunctioningwellinharness.Preciselybecausethetenorandmoodofthemale

liberationeffortssofarhavebeenoneofself-accusation,self-hate,andarepetitionof

feministassertions,Ibelieveitisdoomedtofailureinitspresentform.Itisbuyingthe

myththatthemaleisculturallyfavored—anotionthatisclungtodespitethefactthat

everycriticalstatisticintheareasoflongevity,disease,suicide,crime,accidents,

childhoodemotionaldisorders,alcoholism,anddrugaddictionshowsa

disproportionatelyhighermalerate.Themostremarkableandsignificantaspectofthe

feministmovementtodatehasbeenwoman'sdaringwillingnesstoownuptoher

resistancesandresentmenttowardhertime-honored,sanctifiedrolesofwifeandeven

mother.Themale,however,hasyettofullyrealize,acknowledge,andrebelagainstthe

distressandstiflingaspectsofmanyoftherolesheplays—fromgoodhusband,togood

daddy,togoodprovider,togoodlover,etc.Becauseoftheinnerpressuretoconstantly

affirmhisdominanceandmasculinity,hecontinuestoactasifhecanstandupunder,

fulfill,andevenenjoyalltheexpectationsplacedonhimnomatterhowcontradictory

anddevitalizingtheyare.Itstimetoremovethedisguisesofprivilegeandrevealthe

maleconditionforwhatiireallyis.

8、Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat.

A、uptonow,Richarddidn'tknowhehadcaughtcertaindisease

B、Richard'sillnessofferedhimachancetothinkabouthislife

C^butforhisillness,Richardwouldnothavestoppedworking

D、therewassomethingwrongwithbothRichard'smentalandphysicalhealth

标准答案:B

知识点解析：推断题。首段末句指出，如果不是他流血的溃疡，他还会推迟好多年

才会审视自己。可见，这次生病给了他一个审视自我的机会，故答案为［B］。

9、Theword"zombie"inthesecondparagraphprobablyreferstoaperson

who.

A、isbusyallthetime

B>behaveslikearobot

C^alwaysactsasaleader

D、issuccessfulinsomearea

标准答案：B

知识点解析•：语义题。第二段首句指出，像许多男人一样，理查德是一个

“zombie"，一个白天梦游者。接下来指出，社会中有各种各样的“zombie"。第四句

指出，他们失去了或者正在远离自己作为人的情感和意识。根据常识，如果已经失

去了对情感或意识的感知，那么人与机器就没有区别了，因此可以推断出［B］为答

案。

10、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisINCORRECT?

A、Comparedwithmen,womenaremorewillingtoretirefromwork.

B>Tobeamancountsforagreatdealforthemale.

C、Somewomenhatebeinglabeledasfeminine.

D^Quiteafewwomenairnegativeviewofmarriage.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。第三段首句指出，男人之间互相评价以及许多女人评价男人

时，主要是以他们与理想的男子汉模式的接近程度为依据。故［B］符合原文意思，

排除；该段第二句指出，女人们可以正当地对自己被固定在某一种模式里进行抨

击。故［C］符合原文意思，排除；该段第三、四句指出，许多女士将自己在婚姻中

的角色定义为得到社会认可的妓女。她们声称为了一点点所谓的安全感，她们在出

卖自己。故［D］符合原文意思，排除；文中没有提及女人对退休的态度如何，故|A］

为答案。

11、Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe.

A、DifferentRolesofMenandWomen

B>HowtoSolveMen'sProblems

C、InHarness:theMaleCondition

D^SurvivalInstinctsvs.MaleImages

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨题。文章首句指出“Mostmenliveinharness”,之后以Richard为

例，指出现代社会中男性的生活状况。文中反复出现了“inharness”这个短语，将男

人背负“男子汉”传统形象的压力、拼命工作的情景栩栩如生地表现出来，故答案为

［C］o［A］只是文章提到的部分内容，故排除：［B］含义笼统，故排除；生存本能和

男性形象是文中提到的内容，但与全文大意相去甚远，故排除［D］。

Workingatypewriterbytouch,likeridingabicycleorstrollingonapath,isbestdoneby

notgivingitaglancingthought.Onceyoudo,yourfingersfumbleandhitthewrong

keys.Todothingsinvolvingpracticedskills,youneedtoturnloosethesystemsof

musclesandnervesresponsibleforeachmaneuver,placethemontheirown,andstayout

ofit.Thereisnoreallossofauthorityinthis,sinceyougettodecidewhethertodothe

thingornot,andyoucaninterveneandembellishthetechniqueanytimeyoulike;ifyou

wanttorideabicyclebackward,orwalkwithaneccentriclopinggaitgivingalittleskip

everyfourthstep,whistlingatthesametime,youcandothat.Butifyouconcentrateyour

attentiononthedetails,keepingintouchwitheachmuscle,thrustingyourselfintoafree

fallwitheachstepandcatchingyourselfatthelastmomentbystickingouttheotherfoot

intimetobreakthefall,youwillendupimmobilized,vibratingwithfatigue.Itisa

blessingtohaveoptionsforchoiceandchangeinthelearningofsuchunconsciously

coordinatedacts.Ifwewerebornwithalltheseknacksinbuilt,automatedlikeants,we

wouldsurelymissthevariety.Itwouldbealessinterestingworldifweallwalkedand

skippedalike,andneverfellfrombicycles.Ifwewereallgeneticallyprogrammedto

playthepianodeftlyfrombirth,wcmightneverlearntounderstandmusic.Therulesarc

differentforthecomplicated,coordinated,fantasticallyskilledmanipulationsweperform

withourinsides.Wedonothavetolearnanything.Oursmooth-musclecellsareborn

withcompleteinstructions,inneedofnohelpfromus,andtheyworkawayontheirown

schedules,madiilatingthehirnenofhloodvessels,movingthingsthroughintestines.

Secretarycellselaboratetheirproductsinprivacy;theheartcontractsandrelaxes;cells

communicatewitheachotherbysimplytouching;allthisgoesoncontinually,without

everapersonalwordfromus.Thearrangementisthatofanecosystem,withthe

operationofeachpartbeinggovernedbythestateandfunctionofalltheotherparts.

Whenthingsaregoingwell,astheygenerallyare,itisaninfalliblemechanism.Butnow

theautonomyofthisinteriordomain,longregardedasinviolate,isopentoquestion.The

experimentalpsychologistshaverecentlyfoundthatvisceralorganscanbetaughttodo

variousthings,aseasilyasaboylearnstorideabicycle,bytheinstrumentaltechniques

ofoperantconditioning.Ifathingisdoneinthewaytheteacherwants,atasignal,anda

suitablerewardgivenimmediatelytoreinforcetheaction,itbecomeslearned.Rats,

rewardedbystimulationoftheircerebral"pleasurecenters1',havebeeninstructedto

speeduporslowdowntheirheartsatasignal,ortoaltertheirbloodpressures,orswitch

offcertainwavesintheirelectroencephalogramsandswitchonothers.Thesame

technologyhasbeenappliedtohumanbeings,withotherkindsofrewards,andtheresults

havebeenstartling.Itisclaimedthatyoucanteachyourkidneystochangetherateof

urineformation,raiseorloweryourbloodpressure,changeyourheartrate,write

differentbrainwaves,atwill.Thereisalreadytalkofabreakthroughintheprevention

andtreatmentofhumandisease.Accordingtoproponents,whenthetechnologyis

perfectedandextendeditwillsurelyleadtonewpossibilitiesfortherapy.Ifaratcanbe

trainedtodilatethebloodvesselsofoneofhisearsmorethanthoseoftheother,ashas

beenreported,whatrichexperiencesinself-controlandself-operationmayliejustahead

forman?Therearealreadycrypticadvertisementsinthepersonalcolumnsofliterary

magazines,urgingthepurchaseofelectronicheadsetsforthetrainingandregulationof

onersownbrainwaves,accordingtoone'staste.Youcanhaveit.Nottodowngradeit.It

isextremelyimportant,Iknow,andoneoughttofeelelatedbytheprospectoftaking

personalcharge,callingtheshots,runningone'scellsaroundliketoytrains.Nowthatwe

knowthatvisceracanbetaught,thethoughtcomesnaturallythatwe'vebeenneglecting

themalltheseyears,andbyjudiciousapplicationofhuinanintelligence,theseprimitive

structurescanbetrainedtowhateverstandardsofbehaviorwewishtosetforthem.

12、Theauthorconsidersitasagoodluckforusto.

A、bebornwithsomechosenskills

B、liveinaworldofvariety

C、beabletounderstandmusic

D^beabletowalk,skipandridebicycles

标准答案：R

知识点解析：细节题。第二段前两句指出，在学习这种无意识的协调性动作时能够

有多种选择和变化是一种幸福。如果我们生来就有这些特殊技能，像蚂蚁一样可以

自动地做些事情，我们一定会想念这些变化的。故［B］为答案，同时排除［A］；第二

段最后两句提到了［C］和［D］的内容，但并非作者认为幸运的主要原因，故排除，

13、Theoperationofourinsideorgansisdifferentfromthatofmusclesandnervesin

thatitis.

A、primarilymanipulatedbybloodvessels

B、inconstantneedoftrainingandpracticing

C^muchlesscomplicatedandcoordinated

D^geneticallyprogrammedtoworkonitsown

标准答案：D

知识点解析•：推断题。第三段前两句指出，对于复杂、协调、极为熟练的内部器官

的操控，规则是不同的。我们不需要学习什么。之后解释了人体自我调节的过程。

因此可以看出内部器官是无须操控，生来就可以自我运行的，故［D］为答案。

14、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthetechniqueoftrainingman'sbodycanbestbe

definedas.

A、ambiguous

skeptical

C、contemptuous

D、positive

标准答案：D

知识点解析：态度题。末段指出：你可以做到。不要贬低它。我知道这极为重要，

人们应该为这一前景感到高兴……既然我们知道内脏可以训练，这自然就意味着这

些年我们对它们有所忽略。再加上充满人类智慧的明智之举，这些原始结构可以通

过训练做我们想让它们做的任何事情。从文中的“nottodowngrade,H€extremely

important”“feelelated”等都可以看出作者对训练身体内脏器官的看法是积极的，故

[D]为答案。

二、简答题(本题共8题，每题1.0分，共8分。)

15、PassageOne

标准答案：Toshowlocalpeople'sconcernofCerritos'slandscape.

知识点解析：由题干关键词"librarycoveredwithtitanium”可定位至第四段。该段首

句提至『'whatgoesoninsidetheofficesseemslessimportanttolocalsthanwhatthev

looklike-,当地人认为办公楼的外表比楼内发生的事情更为重要，图书馆覆箓着

钛，这说明喜瑞都人很注重市容的美观，故本题答案为Toshowlocalpeople飞

concernofCerritos'slandscape。

16、PassageTwo

标准答案:Diseases.

知识点解析：由题干提示定位至最后一段。根据上下文的逻辑关系可知，上文的

“cancer”和下文的“hypertension”都应该包含在“ailments”里，因此推测“ailments”的

含义为“疾病”，故答案为Diseases。

PassageThree

17、Whyaremenundergreaterpressurethanwomen?

标准答案：Becausetheydon'thavemuchfreedomtomakeachoice.

知识点解析：由题干关键词"pressure”定位至第五段。该段第四句指出，男人缺少

女人的变通性，女人可以在传统定义中的男人或女人的行为和角色之间转换。该段

最后一句指出，同时，男人被严格限定在男性角色中，如果他超越了范围，就会受

到很多微妙的、间接的严厉惩罚。由此可见，男人比女人压力大的原因是没有选择

的自由。故答案为Becausetheydon'thavemuchfreedomtomakeachoiceo

18、Accordingtotheauthor,whataccount(s)forthefailureofmaleliberationefforts?

标准答案：Itsmoodandform.

知识点解析：由题干关键词"maleliberationeffbrls”定位至第七段。该段首句中作者

指出他认为目前的男性解放运动是注定要失败的，原因正是在于它的基调是自我谴

责、自我憎恨、反复声明男女平等，他们目前所采取的形式也不能带来成功。归纳

而言，男性解放运动注定失败的原因在于其基调和形式不好，故答案为Itsmood

andfonrio

19、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepresentmaleliberationmovement?

标准答案：Disproval.

知识点解析：原文倒数第三段首句指出，正是由于到目前为止，致力于解放男性的

努力的基调和趋势是自我谴责、自我憎恨、反复声明男女平等，我认为以其目前的

形式而言，注定会失败。可见，作者对现在的男性解放运动持反对态度。因此本题

答案可以总结为Disprovalo

PassageFour

20Whycanapersontypebetterifheisrelaxed?

标准答案：Becausehecanbetterexercisehisauthorityoverthefingers.

知识点解析：根据题干关键词“type”和“relaxed”定位到第一段。该段第三句指出，

在做一些需要技巧的事情时，你需要放松进行操作时需要动用的肌肉和神经系统，

让它们呈现自然状态，不去理会它们。由此可以推出在打字时，如果一个人的精神

放松，手指就会听使唤，这样打字就会打得更好，故答案为Becausehecanbetter

exercisehisauth