专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷24（共193题）

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷24（共

9套）

（共193题）

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷第1套

一、选择题（本题共15题，每题1.0分，共分。）

PASSAGEONE（1）ThesocialorganizationofEgyptwasdistinguishedbyasurprising

degreeoffluidity.Noinflexiblecastesystemeverdeveloped.Allmenwereequalinthe

sightofthelaw.Althoughdegreesofeconomicinequalitynaturallyexisted,noman's

statuswasunalterablyfixed,unlesshewasamemberoftheroyalfamily.Evenserfs

appeartohavebeencapableofrisingabovetheirhumblecondition.Freemenquite

regularlymadethetransitionfromonesocialordertoanother.（2）Duringthegreaterpart

ofthehistoryofEgyptthepopulationwasdividedintofiveclasses:theroyalfamily;the

priests;thenobles;themiddleclassofscribes,merchants,artisans,andfarmers;andthe

serfs.DuringtheEmpireasixthclass,theprofessionalsoldiers,wasadded,ranking

immediatelybelowthenobles.Thousandsofslaveswerecapturedinthisperiodalso,and

theseformedforatimeaseventhclass.Thepositionofthevariousranksofthesociety

shiftedfromtimetotime.Intheoldkingdomthenoblesandpriestsamongallofthe

Pharaoh'ssubjectsheldthesupremacy.DuringtheMiddleKingdomtheclassesof

commonerscameintotheirown.Scribes,merchants,artisans,andserfsrebelledagainst

thenoblesandwrestedconcessionsfromthegovernment.Particularlyimpressiveisihe

dominantroleplayedby（hemerchantsandindustrialistsinthisperiod.Theestablishment

oftheEmpireaccompanied,asitwasbytheextensionofgovernmentfunctions,resulted

intheascendancyofnewnobility,madeupprimarilyofbureaucrats.Thepriestsalso

waxedinpowerwiththegrowthofmagicandsuperstition.（3）Thegulfthatseparatedthe

standardsoflivingoftheupperandlowerclassesofEgyptwasperhapsevenwiderthan

itistodayinEuropeandAmerica.Thewealthynoblelivedinsplendidvillasthatopened

intofragrantgardensandshadygroves.Theirfoodhadalltherichnessandvarietyof

sundrykindsofmeat,poultry,cakes,fruit,wine,beer,andsweets.Theyarefrontvessels

ofalabaster,gold,andsilver,andadornedtheirpersonswithexpensivefabricsandcostly

jewels.Bycontrast,thelifeofthepoorwaswretchedindeed.Thelaborsinthetowns

inhabitedcongestedslumscomposedofmud-brickhovelswithroofsofthatch.Their

onlyfurnishingswerestoolsandboxesandafewcrudepotteryjars.Thepeasantsonthe

greatestatesenjoyedalesscrowdedbutnomoreabundantlife.（4）Thcbasicsocialunit

amongtheEgyptianswasthemonogamousfamily.Noman,noteventhePharaoh,could

havemorethanonelawfulwife.Concubinage,however,wasasociallyreputable

institution.Womenoccupiedanunusuallyenviablestatus.Wiveswerenotsecluded,and

thereisnorecordofanydivorce.Womencouldownandinheritpropertyandengagein

business.AlmostalongamongOrientalpeoplestheEgyptianspermittedwomento

succeedtothethrone.Anotherextraordinarysocialpracticewascloseinbreeding.The

rulerassonofthegreatsungodwasrequiredtomarryhissisterorsomeotherfemaleof

hisimmediatefamilylestthedivinebloodbecontaminated.Thereisevidencethatmany

ofhissubjectsfollowedtheidenticalcustom.Asyet,historianshavebeenunableto

discoveranypositivetracesofracialdegenerationproducesbythispractice,probablyfor

thereasonthattheEgyptianstockwasgeneticallysoundtobeginwith.(5)Thc

educationalsystemofthisancientpeoplewasaboutwhatonewouldexpectinahighly

integratedsociety.Attachedtothetreasurywereanumberofpublicschoolsequippedfor

thetrainingofthethousandsofscribeswhoseservicev/erenecessaryinthekeepingof

recordsandaccountsandintheadministrationofgovernmentfunctions.Manyofthem

werealsoemployedinaprivatecapacitybytheownersofthelandedestatesandbythe

leadersofthebusinessworld.Admissiontotheseschoolswasopentoanypromising

youthregardlessofclass.Apparentlyinstructionwasprovidedfreeofchargebythe

governmentbecauseofthevitalneedfortrainedmen.Nonebutthoroughlyutilitarian

subjectshadanyplaceinthecurriculum;thepurposewasnoteducationinthebroader

sense,butpracticaltraining.Inspiteoftheirlimitations,theseschoolsdidprovideforthe

poorbuttalentedyouthanavenueofescapefromalifeofhopelessdrudgery.

1、WecaninferfromthefirstparagraphallthefollowingEXCEPT.

A、Egyptenjoyedflexiblesocialsystem

B、everymanenjoyedthesamesocialstatus

C、mancouldchangefromonesocialordertoanother

D、aflexiblecastesystemwasdeveloped

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第1段提到，人们只有在法律面前才平等，而并非都享有同等社会地

位，故选B。A“埃及社会体制自由”、C“人们可以从一个社会阶层变换到另一个社

会阶层”和D”发展了自由的社会等级制度”均在本段中有体现，故排除。

2、CloseinbreedingwaspopularinEgyptduringtheancienttimebecause.

A^theywantedtomaintaintheirblood'spurity

B、therewasnootheridealchoices

C、nobodyknewthereasonsbynow

D、itwasalawduringthattime

标准答案：A-

知识点解析：第4段讲述埃及实行一夫一妻制，他们也实行近亲结婚，以保证血统

纯正，故A符合题意。A中的maintaintheirblood'spurity是文中的lestthedivine

bloodbecontaminated的同义替换。

3、Whatisthebesttitleofthisarticle?

A^AncientEgypt'sEducationalSystem.

B、SocialLifeinAncientEgypt.

C、SocialSysteminAncientEgypt.

D^AncientEgypt'sClassesSystem.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章从古埃及的社会阶层、各社会等级问的财富差距、社会基本组成

结构、教育制度等方面介绍了古埃及的社会生活的方方面面，很容易得出“古埃及

的社会生活”这一答案，即B°A”古埃及的教育制度”是第5段的段意，C”古埃及

社会制度''是第1段的段意，D“古埃及的等级制度”是第2段的段意，都是片面的理

解。

PASSAGETWO(l)Howiscommunicationactuallyachieved?Itdepends,ofcourse,

eitheronacommonlanguageoronknownconventions,oratleastonthebeginningsof

these.Ifthecommonlanguageandtheconventionsexist,thecontributor,forexample,

thecreativeartist,theperformer,orthereporter,triestousethemaswellashecan.Bui

often,especiallywithoriginalartistsandthinkers,theproblemisinonewaythatof

creatingalanguage,orcreatingaconvention,oratleastofdevelopingthelanguageand

conventionstothepointwheretheyarecapableofbearinghisprecisemeaning.In

literature,inmusic,inthevisualarts,inthesciences,insocialthinking,inphilosophy,

thiskindofdevelopmenthasoccurredagainandagain.Itoftentakesalongtimetoget

through,andfbrmanypeopleitwillremaindifficult.Butweneedneverthinkthatitis

impossible;creativeenergyismuchmorepowerfulthanwesometimessuppose.Whilea

manisengagedinthisstruggletosaynewthingsinnewways,heisusuallymorethan

everconcentratedontheactualwork,andnotonitspossibleaudience.Manyartistsand

scientistssharethisfundamentalunconcernaboutthewaysinwhichtheirworkwillbe

received.Theymaybegladifitisunderstoodandappreciated,hurtifitisnot,butwhile

theworkisbeingdonetherecanbenoargument.Thethinghastocomeoutastheman

himselfseesit.(2)Inthissenseitistruethatitisthedutyofsocietytocreateconditions

inwhichsuchmencanlive.Forwhateverthevalueofanyindividualcontribution,the

generalbodyofworkisofimmensevaluetoeveryone.Butofcoursethingsarenotso

formal,inreality.Thereisnotsocietyontheonehandandtheseindividualsontheother.

Inordinaryliving,andinhiswork,thecontributorsharesinthelifeofhissociety,which

oftenaffectshimbothinminorwaysandinwayssometimessodeepthatheisnoteven

awareofthem.Hisabilitytomakehisworkpublicdependsontheactualcommunication

system:thelanguageitself,orcertainvisualormusicalorscientificconventions,andthe

institutionsthroughwhichthecommunicationwillbepassed.Theeffectoftheseonhis

actualworkcanbealmostinfinitelyvariable.Foritisnotonlyacommunicationsystem

outsidehim;itisalso,howeveroriginalhemaybe,acommunicationsystemwhichisin

factpartofhimself.Manycontributorsmakeactiveuseofthiskindofinternal

communicationsystem.Itistothemselves,inaway,thattheyfirstshowtheir

conceptions,playtheirmusic,presenttheirarguments.Notonlyasawayofgettingthese

clear,intheprocessofalmostendlesstestingthatactivecompositioninvolves.Butalso,

whetherconsciouslyornot,asawayofputtingtheexperienceintoacommunicable

form.Ifonemindhasgraspedit,thenitmaybeopentootherminds.(3)Inthisdeep

sense,thesocietyisinsomewaysalreadypresentintheactofcomposition.Thisis

alwaysverydifficulttounderstand,butoften,whenwehavetheadvantageoflooking

backataperiod,wecansee,evenifwecannotexplain,howthiswasso.Wecanseehow

muchevenhighlyoriginalindividualshadincommon,intheiractualwork,andinwhat

iscalledtheir"structureoffeeling",withotherindividualworkersofthetime,andwith

thesocietyofthattimetowhichtheybelonged.Thehistorianisalsocontinuallystruck

bythefactthatmenofthiskindfeltisolatedattheverytimewheninrealitytheywere

beginningtogetthrough.Thiscanalsobenoticedinourowntime,whensomeofthe

mostdeeplyinfluentialmenfeelisolatedandevenrejected.Thesocietyandthe

communicationarethere,butitisdifficulttorecognizethem,difficulttobesure.

4、Creativeartistsandthinkersachievecommunicationby.

A、dependingonsharedconventions

B、fashioningtheirownconventions

C、adjustingtheirpersonalfeelings

D、elaboratingacommonlanguage

标准答案：B」「

知识点解析：第1段第4句说，对于具有原创思想的(creative即original之义)艺术

家和思想家，问题在于如何去创造一种自己的语言、惯例……来准确表达自己的意

So故B“形成自己的惯例”正确。

5、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

A、Individualcontributionscombinedpossessgreatsignificancetothepublic.

B、Goodcontributorsdon'tneglecttheuseofinternalcommunicationsystem.

C、Everyoneexceptthoseoriginalpeoplecomesundertheinfluenceofsociety.

D、Knowinghowtocommunicateisuniversalamonghumanbeings.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第3段首句说，早在作品的创作过程中，社会就已参与其中。第3句

又说，即使最具有创新力的人也与同时代其他人以及那个时代的社会有许多共同之

处。由此可判断C”这些具有原创精神的人不受社会影响”这种说法错误，是答案。

6、Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

A^Communicationdependsonacommonlanguageorknownconventions.

B>Originaluoiilribulorsneedurcalcnewuoiivuiilionstouoiiiniuniualc(heirprecise

meanings.

C、Thesocietyneedcreateconditionsfororiginalcontributorstolivein.

D^Newwaysofcommunicationbycreativecontributorsoriginatefromthesociety.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本文主要讲创新者的创作与社会(及现有交际手段)之间的关系，与之

相应的是D。

PASSAGETHREE(1)1wasjustaboywhenmyfatherbroughtmetoHarlemforthefirst

time,almost50yearsago.WestayedattheHotelTheresa,agrandbrickstructureat

12.SthStreetandSeventhAvenue.Once,inthehotelrestaurant,myfatherpointedout

JoeLouis.HeevengotMr.Brown,thehotelmanager,tointroducemetohim,abit

paunchybutstillthechampasfarasIwasconcerned.(2)Muchhaschangedsincethen.

Businessandrealestatearebooming.Somesayanewrenaissanceisunderway.Others

decrywhattheyseeasoutsideforcesrunningroughshodovertheoldHarlem.(3)New

YorkmeantHarlemtome,andasayoungmanIvisiteditwheneverIcould.Butmanyof

myoldhauntsaregone.TheTheresashutdownin1966.Nationalchainsthatonce

ignoredHarlemnowanticipateyuppiemoneyandwan:piecesofthisprimeManhattan

realestate.SohereIamonahotAugustafternoon,sittinginaStarbucksthattwoyears

agoopenedablockawayfromtheTheresa,snatchingatmemoriesbetweensipsofhigh-

pricedcoffee.IamabouttoopenupapieceoftheoldHarlem-theNewYork

AmsterdamNews—whenatouristaskingdirectionstoSylvia's,aprominentHarlem

restaurant,penetratesmydaydreaming.He'scarryingabook:TouringHistoricHarlem.

(4)History.ImissMr.Michaux'sbookstore,hisHouseofCommonSense,whichwas

acrossfromtheTheresa.Hehadabigbillboardoutfrontwithbrownandblackfaces

paintedonitthatsaidinlargeletters:"WorldHistoryBookOutleton2,000,000,000

AfricansandNonwhitePeople."Anuglystateofficebuildinghasswallowedthatspace.

(5)1missspeakerlikeCarlosCooks,whowasalwaysonthesouthwestcornerof125th

andSeventh,urginglistenerstosupportAfrica.Harlem'spowerfulpoliticalelectricity

seemsunplugged-althoughthestreetsarestillenergized,especiallybyWestAfrican

immigrants.(6)Hardworkingsouthernnewcomersformedthebulkofthecommunity

backintheL920'8and1930's,whenHarlemrenaissanceartists,writers,andintellectuals

gaveitaglitterandrenownthatmadeitthecapitalofblackAmerica.FromHarlem.W.

E.B.DuBois,LangstonHughes,PaulRobeson,ZoraNealHurston,andothershelped

powerAmerica'sculturalinfluencearoundtheworld.(7)Bythe1970sand'80sdrugsand

crimehadravagedpartsofthecommunity.AndthelifeexpectancyformeninHarlem

waslessthanthatofmeninBangladesh.Harlemhadbecomeasymbolofthedangersof

inner-citylife.(8)Now,youwanttoshout"Lookin'good!Hatthisplacethathasbeen

neglectedforsolong.CrowdspushintoHarlemUSA,anewshoppingcentreon125th,

whereaDisneystoresharesspacewithHMVRecords,theNewYorkSportsClub,anda

nine-screenMagicJohnsontheatrecomplex.Nearby,aRiteAiddrugstorealsoopened.

MaybepartofthereasonHarlemseemstobeundergoingarebirthisthatitisfinally

gettingwhatmostpeopletakeforgranted.(9)Harlemisalsopartofan^empowerment

zone"一afederaldesignationaimedatfosteringeconomicgrowththatwillbringover

halfabillioninfederal,state,andlocaldollars.Justtheshellsofonceelegantold

brownstonesnowcancostseveralhundredthousanddollars.Rentsareskyrocketing.An

improvedeconomy,tougherlawenforcement,anticommunityeffortsagainstdrugshave

contributedtoa60percentdropincrimesince1993.

7、AtthebeginningtheauthorseemstoindicatethatHarlem.

ANhasremainedunchangedalltheseyears

B、hasundergonedrasticchanges

C^hasbecomethecapitalofBlackAmerica

D、hasremainedasymbolofdangersofinncr-citylife

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第1段回忆了作者小时候在Harlem的情景，第2段开头即称：

“在那之后，可谓时过境迁。”可见在四个选项中，只有B“已经发生了巨大的变化”

正确。

8、Fromthepassagewecaninferthat,generallyspeaking,theauthor.

A^hasstrongreservationsaboutthechanges

B>hasslightreservationsaboutthechanges

C、welcomesthechangesinHarlem

D^iscompletelyopposedtothechanges

标准答案：c-

知识点解析：虽然文章的前半部分表达了作者对儿时的哈莱姆的怀念，并且提到七

八十年代这里毒品泛滥、犯罪猖獗，但是最后还谈到了从1993年以来犯罪降低了

60%o所以作者对这一地区的变化是持肯定态度的，应该选择C。

9、WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutHarlemtoday?

A、Thelifeexpectancyformenthereislessthanotherpartsofthecountry.

B>GreatblackAmericansinHarlemmakeitthecapitalofblackAmerica.

C、DrugsandcrimeareabigproblemnowinHarlem.

D^HousesareveryexpensiveinHarlembecauseofitsgrowingeconomy.

标准答案：D」^

知识点解析：最后一段第2句说，如今就连优雅的老式赤褐色砂石建筑框架也值几

十万美元，其含义是说现在房价、不动产很昂贵。故D正确。

PASSAGEFOUR(1)OscarWildesaidthatworkistherefugeofpeoplewhohave

nothingbettertodo.Ifso,Americansarenowamongtheworld'ssaddestrefugees.

FactoryworkersintheUnitedStatesarcworkinglongerhoursthanatanytimeinthepast

half-century.Americaonceledtherichworldincuttingtheaverageworkingweek—

from70hoursin1850tolessthan10hoursbythe1950s.Itseemednaturalthataspeople

grewrichertheywouldtradeextraearningsformoreleisure.Sincethe1970s,however,

thehours,clockedupbyAmericanworkershaverisen,toanaverageof42thisyearin

manufacturing.(2)Severalstudiessuggestthatsomethingsimilarishappeningoutside

manufacturing:Americansarespendingmoretimeatworkthantheydid20yearsago.

Executivesandlawyersboastof80-hourweeks.Onholiday,theyseekoutfaxmachines

andphonesaseagerlyasGermansbagthebestsun-loungers.YetworkingtimeinEurope

andJapancontinuestofa'LInGermany'sengineeringindustrytheworkingweekistobe

trimmedfrom36to35hoursnextyear.MostGermansgetsixweeks1paidannual

holiday;eventheJapanesenowtakethreeweeks.Americansstillmakedowithjusttwo.

(3)Germanyrespondstothiscontrastwithitsusualconcernaboutwhetherpeople's

aversiontoworkisdamagingitscompetitiveness.YetGermanworkers,likethe

Japanese,seemtobeactingsensibly:astheirincomesrise,theycanachieveabetter

standardoflivingwithfewerhoursofwork.ThepuzzleiswhyAmerica,theworld's

richestcountry,seesthingsdifferently.Itisapuzzlewithsinistersocialimplications.

Parentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildren,whomaybeleftaloneathomeforlonger.Is

itjustacoincidencethatjuvenilecrimeisontherise?(4)Someexplanationsfor

America'stimeatworkfailtostanduptoscrutiny.Oneblamesweaktradeunionsthat

leaveworkersopentoexploitation.Areworkersbeingforcedbycost-cuttingfirmstotoil

harderjusttokeeptheirjobs?ArecentstudybytwoAmericaneconomists,Richard

FreemanandLindaBelksuggestsnot:whenasked,Americansactuallywanttowork

longerhours.MostGermanworkers,incontrast,wouldratherworkless.(5)Thcn,why

doAmericanswanttoworkharder?Onereasonmaybethattherealearningsofmany

Americanshavebeenstagnantorfallingduringthepasttwodecades.Peopleworklonger

merelytomaintaintheirlivingstandards.Yetmanyhigher-skilledworkers,whohave

enjoyedbigincreasesintheirrealpay,havebeenworkinghardertoo.Also,onereason

fortheslowgrowthofwageshasbeentherapidgrowthinemployment—whichismore

orlesswheretheargumentbegan.(6)Taxesmayhavesomethingtodowithit.People

whoworkanextrahourinAmericaareallowedtokeepmoreoftheirmoneythanthose

whodothesameinGermany.FallsinmarginaltaxratesinAmericasincethe1970shave

madeitallthemoreprofitabletoworklonger.(7)Noneoftheseanswersreallyexplains

whythecentury-longdeclineinworkinghourshasgoneintoreverseinAmericabutnot

elsewhere(thoughBritainshowssignsoffollowingAmerica'slead).Perhapscultural

differences—thelastrefugeofthedefeatedeconomist—areatplay.Economistsusedto

believethatonceworkersearnedenoughtoprovidefortheirbasicneedsandallowfbra

fewluxuries,theirincentivetoworkwouldbeeroded,likelionsrelaxingafterakill.But

humansaremoresusceptibletoadvertisingthanlions.Perhapsclevermarketinghas

ensuredthat"basicneeds',—forashowerwithbuilt-inTV,forarocket-propelledcar一

expandcontinuously.ShoppingisalreadyoneofAmerica'smostpopularpastimes.Butit

requiresmoney-hencemoreworkandlessleisure.{8)Ortrythis:thetelevisionisnot

verygood,andbaseballandhockeykeepbeingwipedoutbystrikes.PerhapsWildewas

right.MaybeAmericanshavenothingbettertodo.

10、IntheUnitedStates,workinglongerhoursis.

ANconfinedtothemanufacturingindustry

B、atraditionalpracticeinsomesectors

C^prevalentinallsectorsofsociety

D、favouredbytheeconomists

标准答案：c

知识点露析：文章第1段最后一句说，美国人劳动时间延长；第2段开头即说，这

一情况不局限于制造业，其他行业也一样。可见，美国各行业都出现了丁作时间延

长的现象。C”在社会各部门都很普遍”正确。

11、Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whichmightbeoneoftheconsequencesof

workinglongerhours?

A、Riseinemployees5workingefficiency.

B、Riseinthenumberofyoungoffenders.

C、Riseinpeople'slivingstandards.

D、Riseincompetitiveness.

标准答案：B

知识点解析•：文章第3段说，工作时间延长有不良的社会影响，即父母与孩子相处

时间减少，从而导致青少年罪犯数量上升，故答案为B。

12>WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutAmericanworkersaccordingtothepassage?

A^Theyaremorediligentthanthosefromotherdevelopedcountries.

B、Theyearnmorethanthosefromotherdevelopedcountries.

C、Theyprefertospendmoretimewiththeirchildrenbutareforcedtoworklonghours.

D、TaxpoliciesmakeitprofitablefbrAmericanworkerstoworkextratime.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第6段说，自20世纪70年代以来美国降低了边际税率，美国工人加

班的话就更加合算了。D与此一致，是答案。

PASSAGEFIVE(1)ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatourist

destinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth.Itistoofarsouthtobe

aconvenientstoponthewaytoanywhereelseandismuchfartherthanarelativelycheap

half-day'sflightawayfromthebigtouristmarkets,unlikeMexico,forexample.(2)Chilc,

therefore,ishavingtofighthardtoattracttourists,toconvincetravellersthatitisworth

cominghalfwayroundtheworldtovisit.Butitissucceeding,notonlyinexisting

marketsliketheUSAandWesternEuropebutinnewterritories,inparticulartheFar

East.Marketsclosertohome,however,arenotbeingforgotten.Morethat50%ofvisitors

toChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbour,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuch

higher.(3)LikeallSouthAmericancountries,Chileseestourismasavaluableearnerof

foreigncurrency,althoughithasbeenfarmoreseriousthanmostinpromotingitsimage

abroad.Relativelystablepoliticallywithintheregion,ithasbenefitedfromtheproblems

sufferedinotherareas.InPeru,guerrillawarfareinrecentyearshasdealtaheavyblowto

thetouristindustryandfearofstreetcrimeinBrazilhasreducedtheattractionofRiode

Janeiroasadreamdestinationforforeigners.(4)Morethan150,000peoplearedirectly

involvedinChile'stouristsector,anindustrywhichearnsthecountrymorethanUS$950

millioneachyear.Thestate-runNationalTourismService,inpartnershipwithanumber

ofprivatecompanies,iscurrentlyrunningaworld-widecampaign,takingpartintrade

fairsandinternationaleventstoattractvisitorstoChile.(5)Chile*sgreatstrengthasa

touristdestinationisitsgeographicaldiversity.FromtheparchedAtacamaDesertinthe

northtotheAntarcticsnowfieldsofthesouth,itismorethan5,000kmlong.Withthe

PacificononesideandtheAndeanmountainsontheother,Chileboastsnatural

attractions.ItsbeachesarenotuptoCaribbeanstandardsbutresortssuchasVinadelMar

aregenerallycleanandunspoiltandhaveahighstandardofservices.(6)Butthetrump

cardistheAndesmountainrange.Thereareanumberofexcellentskiresortswithinone

hour'sdriveofthecapital,Santiago,andthenationalparksinthesoutharchometorare

animalandplantspecies.Theparksalreadyattractspecialistvisitors,including

mountaineers,whocometoclimbthetechnicallydifficultpeaks,andfishermen,luredby

thesalmonandtroutintheregion'srivers.(7)However.infrastructuraldevelopmentin

theseareasislimited.TheskiresortsdonothaveasmanyliftsastheirEuropean

counterpartsandthepoorqualityofroadsinthesouthmeansthatonlythemost

determinedtravellersseethebestofthenationalparks.(8)AirlinksbetweenChileand

therestoftheworldare,atpresent,relativelypoor.WhileChile'stwolargestairlines

haveextensivenetworkswithinSouthAmerica,theyoperateonlyasmallnumberof

routestotheUnitedStatesandEurope,whileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent.

(9)lnternaltransportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxuryhotelsarebeingbuiltinoneof

itsnationalparks.NorisdevelopmentbeingrestrictedtotheAndes.EasterIslandand

Chile'sAntarcticTerritoryarealsoonthelistofareaswheretheGovernmentbelievesit

cancreatetouristmarkets.(10)Buttherushtoopenhithertoinaccessibleareastomass

tourismisnotbeingwelcomedbyeveryone.Indigenousandenvironmentalgroups,

includingGrccnpcacc,saythatmanypartsoftheAndeswillsufferiftheybecomeover­

developed.ThereisagenuinefearthatareasofChilewillsuffertheculturaldestruction

witnessedinMexicoandEuropeanresorts.(11)ThepolicyofopeningupAntarcticato

tourismisalsopoliticallysensitive.Chilealreadyhaspermanentsettlementsontheice

andmanypeoplesecthedecisiontoallowtouriststhereasapoliticalmove,enhancing

Santiago'sterritorialclaimoverpartofAntarctica.（12）TheChileanGovernmenthas

promisedtorespecttheenvironmentasitseekstobringtourismtotheseareas.Butthere

areimmensecommercialpressurestoexploitthecountry'stourismpotential.The

Governmentwillhavetomonitordevelopmentscloselyifitisgenuinelyconcernedin

creatingabalanced,controlledindustryandifthepriceofanincreasinglylucrative

touristmarketisnotgoingtomeanthelossofmanyofChile'snaturalriches.

13、Chileisdisadvantagedinthepromotionofitstourismby.

geographicallocation

B、guerrillawarfare

C、politicalinstability

D^streetcrime

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第1段首句Thebiggestproblem...isthatitisattheendoftheearth说

明，智利在旅游业开发方面遇到的最大问题是它位于地球末端。显然，地理位置是

智利旅游业发展的不利因素。因此，A（地理位置）正确。B（游击战）是第3段第3句

谈到的内容，但它发生在秘鲁，而非智利。C（政治不稳定）与第3段第2句中的该

地区政局相对稳定不符。D（街头犯罪）是有关巴西的情况。

14、ManyofChile'stouristsusedtocomefromEXCEPT.

A、U.S.A

B、theFarEast

C、WesternEurope

D、herneighbours

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第2段第2句和最后两句说明A、C、D这三个地区是以前来智

利旅游的人的主要来源地，而远东则是新地区。故B正确。

15>TheobjectiontothedevelopmentofChile'stourismmightbeallEXCEPTthatit

A、isambitiousandunrealistic

ispoliticallysensitive

Cswillbringharmtoculture

D、willcausepollutioninthearea

标准答案：A

知识点解析：最后几段谈到了各种反对理由：倒数第3段第2句表明当地居民和环

境保护人士都是反对过度开发智利旅游业的，因此D不合题意，应排除。倒数第3

段末句可知，人们担心旅游业开发会破坏当地文化，故排除C。B可在倒数第2段

首句中找到相关证据，也应排除。文中并未提到发展旅游业是ambitiousand

unrealistic（野心勃勃和不现实的），故选A。

二、简答题(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)

PASSAGEONE

16、InwhichpositionwerefannersrankedduringtheEmpire?

标准答案：Thefifth.

知识点解析：在Empire时期，新的排序为：皇族、牧师、贵族、十兵、中产阶级

(包括农民)、农奴。所以，fanner排在第五位，答案为Thefifth。

17、WhatLstheroleofthesecondparagraphinthedevelopmentofthetopic?

标准答案：Tooffersupportingevidencetotheprecedingparagraph.

知识点解析：第1段总述古埃及社会人民享受比较自由的社会组织结构，第2段叙

述各个时期社会阶层地位的变化，为上一段观点提供例证支持，故答案为T。offer

supportingevidencetotheprecedingparagrapho

PASSAGETWO

18、What'sthecommoncharacteristicofartistsandscientistsinvolvedincreativev/ork?

标准答案：Theyareindifferenttowardresponsetotheirwork.

知识点解析：从第1段倒数第3句的sharethisfundamental