蜗杆传动wormdrive课件

蜗杆传动wormdrive主讲人：刘宝生123蜗杆传动的特点和类型蜗杆传动的主要参数蜗轮的回转方向判断ThecharacteristicsandtypesofwormgeartransmissionThemainparametersofwormgeartransmissionDeterminationoftherotationdirectionofthewormgear4失效形式、材料和结构Failuremodes,materials,andstructures目录CONTENTS蜗杆传动由蜗杆和蜗轮组成，通常由蜗杆(主动件)带动蜗轮(从动件)转动，并传递运动和动力。Wormdriveconsistsofawormgearandawormgear,usuallydrivenbythewormgear(drivingcomponent)torotateandtransmitmotionandpower.蜗杆传动wormdrive用来传递空间两交错轴之间运动的一种啮合传动机构,其两轴之间的交错角通常等于90°一般蜗杆是主动件。蜗杆传动主要是做减速传动，广泛应用于各种机械设备和仪表中Ameshingtransmissionmechanismusedtotransmitthemotionbetweentwostaggeredaxesinspace,withastaggeredanglebetweenthetwoaxesusuallyequalto90°.Generally,awormgearisanactivecomponent.Wormdriveismainlyusedforreductiontransmissionandiswidelyusedinvariousmechanicalequipmentandinstruments1蜗杆传动的特点和类型ExperimentalPurposeONE一、蜗杆传动的特点和类型Thecharacteristicsandtypesofwormgeartransmission蜗杆传动wormdrive能得到很大的传动比、结构紧凑其在分度机构中的传动比i可达1000，在动力传动中传动比i=10~80。Itcanachievealargetransmissionratioandacompactstructure.Itstransmissionratioiintheindexingmechanismcanreach1000,andinpowertransmission,thetransmissionratioi=10~80.由于蜗杆传动属于啮合传动，蜗杆齿是连续的螺旋齿，与蜗轮逐渐进入和退出啮合，且同时啮合的齿数对较多，故传动平稳、噪声低。Duetothefactthatwormgeartransmissionbelongstomeshingtransmission,thewormgearteetharecontinuousspiralteeththatgraduallyenterandexitmeshingwiththewormgear,andtherearemanypairsofteethengagedsimultaneously,resultinginsmoothtransmissionandlownoise.在一定条件下，该机构可以自锁。Undercertainconditions,themechanismcanselflock.优点Advantages一、蜗杆传动的特点和类型Thecharacteristicsandtypesofwormgeartransmission蜗杆传动wormdrive缺点Disadvantages:效率低，当蜗杆主动时，效率一般为0.7~0.8。Undercertainconditions,themechanismcanselflock.由于齿面相对滑移速度大，易磨损和发热，不适于传递大功率。Duetothehighrelativeslipspeedofthetoothsurface,itispronetowearandheatgeneration,makingitunsuitablefortransmittinglargepower.为减小磨损，蜗轮齿圈常用铜合金制造，故其成本较高。Toreducewear,thewormgearringiscommonlymadeofcopperalloy,soitscostisrelativelyhigh.蜗杆传动对制造安装误差比较敏感对中心距尺寸精度要求较高。Wormdriveissensitivetomanufacturingandinstallationerrors,andrequireshighprecisionincenterdistancedimensions.一、蜗杆传动的特点和类型Thecharacteristicsandtypesofwormgeartransmission蜗杆传动wormdrive蜗杆传动常用于传递功率在50kW以下，滑动速度在15m/s以下的机械设备中。Wormdriveiscommonlyusedinmechanicalequipmentthattransmitspowerbelow50kWandslidingspeedbelow15m/s.一、蜗杆传动的特点和类型Thecharacteristicsandtypesofwormgeartransmission2.类型typesof按蜗杆形状Accordingtotheshapeoftheworm圆柱蜗杆Cylindricalworm环面蜗杆Toroidalworm锥蜗杆Conicalworm按蜗杆螺旋线方向Accordingtothedirectionofthewormspiral:左旋蜗杆Left-handedwormgear右旋蜗杆Right-handedworm按蜗杆头数Accordingtotheshapeoftheworm单头蜗杆Singleheadedworm多头蜗杆Multiheadworm一、蜗杆传动的特点和类型Thecharacteristicsandtypesofwormgeartransmission圆柱蜗杆:阿基米德蜗杆,渐开线蜗杆Cylindricalworm:Archimedeanworm,involuteworm阿基米德蜗杆制造简单、应用广泛Archimedeanwormiseasytomanufactureandwidelyused环面蜗杆传动:啮合的齿对多，承载能力是普通圆柱的2-4倍，传动效率高达85%-90%。Toroidalwormgeartransmission:Withmultiplemeshingteeth,theload-bearingcapacityis2-4timesthatofaregularcylinder,andthetransmissionefficiencyisashighas85%-90%.圆柱蜗杆传动cylindricalwormdrive环面蜗杆传动envelopingwormdrive锥蜗杆传动spiroidgearing按蜗杆形状Accordingtotheshapeoftheworm锥蜗杆传动:结构紧凑、工艺性好，传动比为10-60。承载能力高，传动效率高。Conewormtransmission:compactstructure,goodmanufacturability,transmissionratioof10-60.Highloadcapacityandhightransmissionefficiency.一、蜗杆传动的特点和类型Thecharacteristicsandtypesofwormgeartransmission2.类型typesof按蜗杆螺旋线方向Accordingtothedirectionofthewormspiral:右手定则:手心对着自己四个手指顺着蜗杆轴线方向摆正，若螺旋线方向与右手拇指指向一致，则为右旋，否则为左旋。Righthandrule:Alignthepalmofthehandwithone'sfourfingersalongtheaxisoftheworm.Ifthespiraldirectionisconsistentwiththedirectionoftherightthumb,itisright-handed;otherwise,itisleft-handed.右旋蜗杆dextrorotation左旋蜗杆counter-clockwise一、蜗杆传动的特点和类型Thecharacteristicsandtypesofwormgeartransmission2.类型typesof按蜗杆头数Accordingtotheshapeoftheworm蜗杆螺旋线Wormhelix蜗杆头数(z1):蜗螺旋线的数目通常Z1=1~4，头数越多传动效率越高，制造越困难。Numberofwormheads(z1):ThenumberofwormspirallinesisusuallyZ1=1-4,andthemoreheadsthereare,thehigherthetransmissionefficiencyandthemoredifficultitistomanufacture.单头蜗杆

Singleheadedworm双头蜗杆

double-threadworm2蜗杆传动的主要参数ExperimentalPrinciplesTWO二、蜗杆传动的主要参数Themainparametersofwormgeartransmission中间平面Mid-Plane1.中间平面Mid-Plane通过蜗杆轴线并与蜗轮轴线垂直的平面是中间平面。Theplanepassingthroughtheaxisofthewormgearandperpendiculartotheaxisofthewormgearisthemiddleplane..中间平面是蜗杆的轴面，是蜗轮的端面。Themiddleplaneistheaxissurfaceofthewormgearandtheendfaceofthewormgear.二、蜗杆传动的主要参数Themainparametersofwormgeartransmission2.正确啮合条件ConditionforCorrectMeshing蜗杆的轴面模数mx1和蜗轮的端面模数mt2相等，且为标准值。Theaxialmodulusmx1ofthewormgearandtheendfacemodulusmt2ofthewormgearareequalandstandardvalues.Mx1=mt2=m蜗杆的轴面齿形角αx1和蜗轮的端面齿形角αt2相等，且为标准值。ThetoothprofileangleofthewormgearshaftsurfaceαEndfacetoothprofileangleofx1andwormgearαT2isequalandisthestandardvalue.αx1=αt2=α=20°蜗杆分度圆导程角λ与蜗轮的螺旋角β相等，且旋向相同。WormindexingcircleleadangleλSpiralanglewithwormgearβEqualandwiththesamedirectionofrotation.λ=β二、蜗杆传动的主要参数Themainparametersofwormgeartransmission3.传动比gearratioZ1——蜗杆的螺旋线头SpiralheadofwormgearZ2——蜗轮的齿数ThenumberofteethofthewormgearN1——蜗杆的转速ThespeedofthewormgearN2——蜗轮的转速Thespeedofthewormgear

二、蜗杆传动的主要参数Themainparametersofwormgeartransmission4.中心距centre-to-centrespacing切制蜗轮的滚刀，其分度圆直径、模数和其他参数必须与该蜗轮相配的蜗杆一致，齿形角与相配的蜗杆相同。Thehobforcuttingwormgearsmusthavethesamediameter,modulus,andotherparametersoftheindexingcircleasthematchingwormgear,andthesametoothprofileangleasthematchingwormgear.对一定模数m的蜗杆的分度圆直径d1作了规定，即规定了蜗杆直径系数q。Thediameterd1ofthedividingcircleforacertainmodulusmofthewormisspecified,thatis,thecoefficientqofthewormdiameterisspecified.q=d1/m中心距centre-to-centrespacinga=0.5(d1+d2)=0.5m(q+z2)≠0.5m(Z1+Z2)3蜗轮的回转方向判断DeterminationoftherotationdirectionofthewormgearTHREE三、蜗轮的回转方向判断Determinationoftherotationdirectionofthewormgear图1右旋蜗杆传动Figure1Right-handedWormDrive(1)左旋蜗杆用左手，右旋蜗杆用右手Left-handedwormwithlefthand,right-handedwormwithrighthand(2)四指弯曲方向一一蜗杆回转方向Fourfingerbendingdirection-wormrotationdirection（3）拇指所指相反方向一一蜗轮上啮合点线速度方向Oppositedirectionindicatedbythethumb-directionoflinearvelocityatthemeshingpointonthewormgear图2左旋蜗杆传动Figure2Left-handwormdrive4失效形式、材料和结构Failuremodes,materials,andstructuresFOUR四、失效形式、材料和结构Failuremodes,materials,andstructures开式传动(磨损)Opendrive(worn)1.主要失效形式Mainfailuremodes闭式传动(胶合或点蚀)Closedtransmission(Gluingorpitting)由于蜗杆传动中蜗杆与蜗轮齿面间的相对滑动速度较大，效率低，摩擦发热大，其主要失效形式为蜗轮齿面产生胶合、磨损、点蚀等。Duetotherelativelyhighslidingspeedbetweenthewormgearandthewormgeartoothsurfaceinwormgeartransmission,lowefficiency,andhighfrictionandheatgeneration,themainfailureformsareadhesion,wear,andpittingonthewormgeartoothsurface.四、失效形式、材料和结构Failuremodes,materials,andstructures2.设计准则designcriteria闭式传动:按蜗轮的齿面接触疲劳强度进行设计;之后校核蜗轮的齿根弯曲疲劳强度，并进行热平衡计算。Closedtransmission:designedaccordingtothecontactfatiguestrengthofthewormgeartoothsurface;Afterwards,verifytherootbendingfatiguestrengthofthewormgearandperformthermalbalancecalculations.开式传动:通常只计算蜗轮的齿根弯曲疲劳强度Opentransmission:usuallyonlythebendingfatiguestrengthofthetoothrootofthewormgeariscalculated四、失效形式、材料和结构Failuremodes,materials,andstructures3.常用材料Commonmaterials高速重载:20Cr、20CrMnTi，渗碳淬火Highspeedheavy-duty:20Cr,20CrMnTi,carburizedandquenched蜗杆worm中速中载:45钢、40Cr、35SiMn，表面淬火Mediumspeedmediumload:45steel,40Cr,35SiMn,surfacequenched一般用途:45钢调质处理Generaluse:45steelquenchingandtemperingtreatment常用材料为碳钢和合金钢Commonmaterialsarecarbonsteelandalloysteel四、失效形式、材料和结构Failuremodes,materials,andstructures3.常用材料Commonmaterials锡青铜:适用于滑动速度较高的高速蜗杆传动，耐磨性最好，价格较高，强度较低;Tinbronze:suitableforhigh-speedwormgeartransmissionwithhighslidingspeed,withthebestwearresistance,highprice,andlowstrength;蜗杆worm铝青铜:有足够的强度，虽耐磨性比锡青铜差，价格便宜一般用于滑动速度5m/s<Vs≤10m/s的传动;Aluminumbronze:hassufficientstrength,althoughitswearresistanceisinferiortotinbronze,itisgenerallyusedfortransmissionswithslidingspeedsof5m/s<Vs≤10m/satacheaperprice;灰铸铁:对于Vs≤5m/s的低速传动。Greycastiron:Forlow-speedtransmissionswithVs≤5m/s.四、失效形式、材料和结构Failuremodes,materials,andstructures无退刀槽蜗杆(铣制)Wormwithoutbacklashgroove(milling)有退刀槽蜗杆(车削)

Wormwithrecessiongroove(turning)4.蜗杆和蜗轮的结构StructureofWormandWormGear（1）蜗杆结构Wormstructure蜗杆的直径不大，常和轴做成一个整体(蜗杆轴)，当蜗杆的直径较大时，可以将轴与蜗杆分开制作。Thediameterofthewormisnotlargeandisoftenintegratedwiththeshaft(wormshaft).Whenthediameterofthewormislarge,theshaftcanbemadeseparatelyfromtheworm.有退刀槽蜗杆结构的刚度较无退刀槽蜗杆差。Thestiffnessofawormstructurewithabackgrooveisworsethanthatofawormwithoutabackgroove.四、失效形式、材料和结构Failuremodes,materials,andstructures4.蜗杆和蜗轮的结构StructureofWormandWormGear整体式涡轮Integralturbine(2)蜗轮结构Wormgearstructure整体式蜗轮:Integralwormgear:主要用于铸铁蜗轮或者小直径的青铜蜗轮Mainlyusedforcastironwormgearsorsmalldiameterbronzewormgears四、失效形式、材料和结构Failuremodes,materials,andstructures4.蜗杆和蜗轮的结构StructureofWormandWormGear(2)蜗轮结构Wormgearstructure整体式蜗轮:Integralwormgear:主要用于铸铁蜗轮或者小直径的青铜蜗轮Mainlyusedforcastironwormgearsorsmalldiameterbronzewormgears组合式蜗轮:Combinati