专题23 定语从句（清单+专练）-中考英语一轮复习知识清单

专题23定语从句（清单+专练）目录TOC\o"1-1"\h\u★知识点1定语从句的构成 2★知识点2定语从句关系词的用法 2★知识点3定语从句中需注意的事项 3★知识点4考点和题型 5★专项过关训练题 8★知识点1定语从句的构成在主从复合句中作定语，修饰名词、代词等的从句叫作定语从句，又称关系从句。定语从句通常置于它修饰的名词或代词之后，由关系词引导。1.先行词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。2.关系词引导定语从句的词叫关系词。根据其在定语从句中的作用，又可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词或关系副词，不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，而且在从句中充当一定的成分。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，关系副词在从句中作状语。定语从句构成形式为“先行词+关系词+从句”。关系代词关系代词ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.Tinaisagirlwhoalwayshelpsothers.先行词定语从句先行词定语从句★知识点2定语从句关系词的用法1.关系代词的用法关系代词先行词在从句中充当的成分例句that人或物在从句中作主语宾语(作宾语时that可省略)IhavesomephotosthatItookinAustralialastyear.我有一些去年在澳大利亚拍的照片。(that作宾语)Iprefermoviesthatgivemesomethingtothinkabout.我更喜欢让我思考的电影。(that作主语)which物

在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略，在介词后作宾语时不可省略)ThetrainwhichhasjustleftisforBeijing.刚开走的火车是驶往北京的。(which作主语)Thisisthebookwhichhegaveme.这就是他给我的那本书。(which作宾语)who人

在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)He'stheboywhowontheEnglishcompetitionlastyear!他是去年赢得英语比赛的男孩!(who在作主语)whom人在从句中作宾语(作宾语时可省略，在介词后作宾语时不可省略)Itisalwayshardtoseparatefromthosewhomyouhavespentsomuchtimewithforthepastthreeyears.与那些在过去三年间共度许多时光的人分离总是很难的。whose人或物

在从句中作定语It'stheschoolwhosedoorispaintedbrown.这就是那个门被漆成棕色的学校。(whose=thethschool's)口诀助记：关系代词引定从，它们用法须分清；that可作主与宾，指人指物都能行；which用来指代物，主语宾语都可充；who和whom只指人，作主作宾不相同；whose一词作用大，表人表物都能用。2.关系副词的用法关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分例句when时间在从句中作时间状语，可与on/in/at/...+which互换IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttraveledbyplane.我仍然记得我第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。where表示地点的名词地点状语，可与at/in...+which互换Tomwantstogotoaplacewherehecancalmdown.汤姆想去一个能让他平静的地方。why表示原因的名词原因状语可与forwhich互换Isthisthereasonwhysherefusedourofferofhelp?这就是她拒绝我们的帮助的理由吗?易错警示：①关系副词引导定语从句时只起状语的作用，既不能作动词的宾语，也不能作介词的宾语。②先行词表示时间时，若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则关系词不能用when。③先行词是thereason时，若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则关系词用that或which。★知识点3定语从句中需注意的事项1.先行词指物时，只能用that而不用which的情况：情况示例先行词是all,little,much,nothing,few,something,every-thing等不定代词时Itissomethingthatyouusetopaintpictures.它是你用来画画的一些东西。先行词被thesame,theonly,thevery,all,thelast,theone(s),no等修饰IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyShakespeare.我想读莎士比亚写的所有书。先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过的最好的书。主句是以疑问词which或who开头的特殊疑问句Whichisthebikethatyouhavelost?你丢失的自行车是哪辆?

先行词既有人又有物Wetalkedaboutpersonsandthingsthatwerememberedinmiddleschool.我们谈论了我们在中学时记得的人和事情。主句以here或there开头，且先行词指物时HereisthepenthatMaryhavebeenlookingfor.这是玛丽一直在找的那支笔。2.关系词只用which不用that的情况情况例句

先行词本身是that是什么?

关系代词前面有介词且指物时ThisistheroominwhichJamesoncelived.这是James曾经住过的房间。

引导非限制性定语从句Crusoe'sdog,whichwasveryoldnow,becameillanddied.Crusoe的狗现在很老了，生病死了。3.关系词只用who不用that的情况情况例句先行词是指人的不定代词时，如someone、anyone、one、all、nobody、noone等I'llasksomeonewholikescomedymovies.我会去问喜欢喜剧题材电影的人。

先行词为those且指人ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere。想去长城的人在这里报名。

主句为therebe句型，且先行词指人Thereareinstructorswhocanshowyouhowtoyouhowtoswimming.有教练可以教你如何游泳。先行词指人，且先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时Theywerethefirststudentswhofinishedthehomework.他们是第一批完成作业的学生。4.定语从句的主谓一致情况例句关系代词在句中作主语，从句谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。先行词是单数时，从句谓语动词用单数形式；先行词是复数时，从句谓语动词用复数形式Thestudentsthatlaughatthedisabledarenotgoodstudents.嘲笑残疾人的学生不是好学生。(students指同学们，谓语动词用复数形式)Mr.Black,who

is

inthemeetingroom,isaskingtoseeyou.布莱克先生要见你，他在会议室。(Mr.Black指一个人，谓语动词用单数形式)TheBlacks,who

are

inthemeetingroom,areaskingtoseeyou.布莱克夫妇要见你，他们在会议室。(TheBlacks指夫妇，谓语动词用单数形式)先行词为“oneof+复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；先行词为“the(only/very/right)oneof+复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用单数形式Heis

oneofthestudents

who

were

awarded.他是当时受到奖励的学生之一。(受到奖励的学生不止一个，先行词是students)Heis

theonlyoneofthestudents

who

was

awarded.他是当时唯一受到奖励的学生。(受到奖励的学生只有他一个，先行词是theonlyone)5.关系代词的省略一般情况下which、whom作宾语时可以省略，但以下情况不能省略：情况例句

关系代词which、whom在从句中作介词的宾语且位于介词后面时TherearemanywaysinwhichChinesepeopleexpresstheirrespect.中国人表达敬意的方式有很多种。(which作介词in的宾语)6.“介词+关系代词”的用法(1)当定语从句中的介词位于关系代词前面，构成“介词+关系代词”结构时，该结构中的关系代词可用which、whose、whom,不可用that、who。介词的选用根据其在定语从句中与谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句意来确定。(2)关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.那是我们住了十年的房间。=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.ThisisthepolicemanbywhomIwassaved.这就是救了我的那位警察。ThegirltowhomhespokewasMary.和他说话的那个女孩是玛丽。=ThegirlwhomhespoketowasMary.(3)像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.这就是她照顾过的男孩。★知识点4考点和题型考点1定语从句的关系词辨析考查题型单项选择Romeisanancientcity___________isfullofplacesofinterest.A.where B.which C.who D.whose【答案】B【解析】句意:罗马是一座满是名胜古迹的古城。考查定语从句。先行词是物"anancientcity",关系词在从句中作主语，此处应用which引导定语从句。故选B。步骤一：根据定语从句的构成，判定题目的句子所引导的从句为定语从句。以及关系词在定语从句中所作的成分。注意根据关系词指人或物判断具体正确的答案。关系词的用法：语,选用正确的关系词。步骤三：判断题目是否存在属于特殊情况：先行词指物时，that的情况。考点2定语从句的关系词填空考查题型语篇填空根据对话内容，在空白处填入恰当的关系代词(that,who,which)补全对话，如果关系代词可以省略用括号表示。A:Idon'thavemanyfriendsinthiscity.B:Haven'tyoumetanypeoplehere?A:Ofcourse.Butthepeople

1I'vemetheredon'tsharemyinterests.Ilikereadingandgoingforquietwalks.However,thepeople2workwithmeseemtolikeparties,watchingTV,playingsportsandgoingtorestaurants.Theirinterests

3theyhavearesodifferentfrommine.B:Yourinterestsdon'tinvolve(涉及)otherpeople.It'shardtodothingswithotherpeoplewhenyourhobbiescanbedonealone.Youshouldfindsomeinterests

4youcandowithotherpeople,liketennisordancing.A:Theactivities5involveotherpeoplecostmoney,andIdon'thavealotofmoney.B:Therearemanyparksinthiscity

6havefreetenniscourts.Infact,therearealotofthings7arefreeorverycheapinthiscity.Icangiveyoualistoffreeactivities,ifyouwant.A:Thanks.I'dlovetohavethelist.【答案】1．(that/who)2．that/who3．(that/which)4．(that/which)5．that/which6．that/which7．that/which【解析】这是一组关于业余爱好和兴趣，以及有相同爱好的人的对话。1．句意：这儿我遇到的人不能分享我的兴趣。这是定语从句结构，根据先行词thepeople，所以引导词用that/who；故填（that/who）2．句意：和我一起工作的人喜欢舞会、看电视、做运动和去餐馆。这是定语从句结构，根据先行词thepeople，所以引导词用that/who；故填that/who3．句意：他们有的兴趣和我的不同。这是定语从句结构，根据先行词是Theirinterests，所以引导词用that/which；故填（that/which）4．句意：你应该找到和其他人做的一些兴趣，像网球和跳舞。这是定语从句结构，根据先行词是Theirinterests，所以引导词用that/which；故填（that/which）5．句意：涉及其他人的活动花钱。这是定语从句结构，根据先行词是Theactivities，所以引导词用that/which；故填that/which6．句意：在这个城市里有许多免费网球场的公园。这是定语从句结构，根据先行词是parks，所以引导词用that/which；故填that/which7．句意：事实上，在这个城市里有许多是免费的或便宜的东西。这是定语从句结构，根据先行词是things，所以引导词用that/which；故填that/which.步骤一：阅读题干，分析句子结构，确认句子是否考查定语从句。若是，则判断先行词指人还是指物，指人时用哪些关系代词，指物时用哪些关系代词。步骤二：看设空处在从句中所作成分，若从句中缺少主语、宾语等主干成分，用关系代词；若从句中不缺少主干成分，用关系副词。步骤三：判断是否属于特殊情况，确认先行词是否属于只能用that不能用which或只能用which不能用that的情况。选择正确选项，复读并验证答案。★专项过关训练题题型一单项选择类型一限制性定语从句一、that引导限制性定语从句1．（2025·广东江门·二模）YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhad________thepoorboyandthelittledog________wereseriouslyhurt.A．help;which B．tohelp;that C．helping;that D．helped;who2．（2025·广东江门·二模）Motherwassoangryatall________Iwasdoing________shewalkedout.A．that;that B．what;that C．what;as D．that;which3．（2025·四川成都·一模）TheIgNobelPrizesweregiventosomefunnystudies________makepeoplelaugh,thenthink.A．that B．whose C．who4．（2025·四川成都·一模）Thesingerisfamousforhissongs________expressastrongfeelingofmissinghometown.A．who B．that C．whose5．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）Thisisthemostinterestingbook________Ihaveeverread.A．which B．that C．what D．who二、which引导限制性定语从句1．（2025·四川成都·一模）—Whataretheytalkingabout?—They’retalkingabouttheAIrobots________willmakeabigdifferencetotheoldpeople’slife.A．which B．when C．whose2．（2025·四川成都·一模）Thedocumentary________showedhowthefirefightersavedthelivesreallymovedme.A．which B．who C．whose3．（2025·山西运城·模拟预测）—Doyouhavebooksaboutfamousscientists________aresuitableforchildrentoread?—Yes,wedo.A．what B．which C．who D．whom4．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）ThenewexpresswaysectioninAnhui,________wascompletedlastmonth,hasshortenedthetraveltimebetweencities.A．which B．who C．where D．when5．（2025·吉林长春·模拟预测）Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A．where B．who C．which D．when三、who引导限制性定语从句1．（2025·四川泸州·一模）Althoughmygrandfatherisover90yearsold,hestillremembersthepeople________hemetwhenhewasyoung.A．which B．when C．where D．who2．（2025·福建泉州·一模）—DuringtheParisOlympicGames,theChineseathleteswonatotalof40goldmedals.—Theyaretherolemodelsinthisnewage________weshouldlearnfrom.A．when B．who C．which3．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）MyfavoritemovieisNeZha(《哪吒》)byJiaoZi________isoneofthemostfamousfilmdirectorsinChina.A．which B．who C．whose4．（2024·江苏徐州·一模）—WhichoneisyourMathsteacher?—Overthere!Thetallman______wearsapairofroundglasses.A．who B．which C．what D．where5．（2024·四川成都·三模）SuBingtian,aChinese,isthefirstAsiansportsman__________canfinishrunning100metersinlessthantensecondsA．who B．whom C．which6．（2024·四川成都·三模）Those________donotpreparefortheirfuturewillhardlysucceed.A．who B．which C．whom四、whom引导限制性定语从句1．（23-24九年级上·甘肃天水·期末）Theboywith________Johnistalkingismyelderbrother.A．whom B．who C．that D．which2．（22-23八年级下·山东东营·期末）Thesenewneighbors,to________Iwasintroducedyesterday,havecomeherefromBeijing.A．who B．whom C．that D．what3．（2022·河北承德·模拟预测）Idon’tknowthegirlto_________youtalkedjustnow.A．which B．who C．whom D．what4．（2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·一模）Iwondered________whenwewereindangeroussituations.A．whomcouldweaskforhelp B．whycouldweaskforhelpC．whatwecouldaskforhelp D．whomwecouldaskforhelp5．（2022·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）—Doyouknowtheprettygirlwith________yourneighboristalking?—Ofcourse.Sheisaclassmateof________.A．which;me B．who;my C．whom;mine五、whose引导限制性定语从句1．（24-25九年级上·江苏扬州·期末）Lilydoesn’tknow________shecandotohelpthelittlevictim________parentsbothhavedied.A．that;whose B．what;whose C．what;whom D．how;whom2．（22-23九年级上·江西宜春·期末）Ilovesingers________songsarewrittenbythemselves.Theyarecreative.A．who B．which C．whose D．whom3．（23-24九年级上·安徽淮南·期末）Doyouknowthebook________coverhasabeautifulpictureisMary’s?A．which B．that C．who D．whose4．（23-24九年级上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期末）Thebook________coverhasabeautifulpictureisLily’s.A．that B．who C．whom D．whose5.Lilydoesn’tknow________sheandherfriendscandotohelpthelittleboy________parentshavelefttheirhometownformakingmoney.A．that;whose B．how;who C．what;who D．what;whose六、多种定语从句关系词综合辨析★that引导宾语从句、who引导限制性定语从句、that引导限制性定语从句、which引导限制性定语从句（2024·江苏·三模）Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasadifferentclause?A．Anactressisawomanwhoactsinplaysorfilms.B．IboughtascarfwhichismadeofwoollastSunday.C．Peoplehopethatthepolicewillcatchthemurderersoon.D．ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.★which引导限制性定语从句、who引导限制性定语从句（2024·江苏泰州·二模）—Doyouknowthesong________isverypopularthesedays?—Sure.Itisaboutagirl________askedforhelpwithherhoodie(帽衫)onTikTok.A．that;which B．which;who C．who;which D．who;that★who引导限制性定语从句、which引导限制性定语从句、whom引导限制性定语从句、what引导限制性定语从句（23-24九年级上·吉林长春·期末）—Doyouliketheweeklytalkshow,TheReader,onCCTV?—Sure.It’sagreatTVprogram________bringsthehabitofreadingbackintothepublic.A．who B．which C．whom D．what★who、whom、whose、whom引导限制性定语从句（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）Atruefriendreachesforyourhandandtouchesyourheart.Iwillneverforgetalltheteachersandfriendswith________Ispentfouryears.A．who B．whom C．whose七、介词+关系代词引导限制性定语从句1．（2024·四川遂宁·二模）Chengduisabigcityin________wecanlearnancientShucultureandenjoymodernlife.A．which B．who C．that D．whom2．（2024·安徽蚌埠·模拟预测）Canyoulendmethebook________theotherday?A．aboutwhichyoutalked B．whichyoutalkedC．aboutthatyoutalked D．thatyoutalked3．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）AsurveyshowsthattheSecretGardenisthebookon________mostChinesepeoplespentmoneyinthepastyear.A．which B．that C．what4．（23-24九年级上·安徽宿州·期末）—Whatkindofcitydoyoulike?—Ipreferthecityin________thepeoplearereallykindandfriendly.A．that B．which C．where D．what5.—Doyouknowtheboywith________Ms.Greenistalking?—Oh,that’sPeter.He’sgoingtomakeaspeechatourgraduationparty.A．that B．what C．whom八、when引导限制性定语从句1．（23-24九年级上·安徽淮南·期末）Tinawon’tforgetthemoment________shesawherfavoritesinger.A．which B．that C．who D．when2．（2024·黑龙江绥化·一模）October1,1949istheday______thePRCwasfounded.A．which B．when C．onthat3．（2023·四川成都·二模）Howtimeflies!I’llmissthedays________westudiedinmiddleschool.A．that B．where C．when4．（2023·全国·模拟预测）Doyoustillrememberthetime________weworkedtogetherinthesmalltown?A．that B．which C．when D．who九、where引导限制性定语从句1．（2024·四川成都·二模）Theoldmanmissedthesmallvillage________heusedtolive.A．which B．that C．where2．（2024·四川成都·二模）XiaoWang,wewillgraduatefromthisschoolinaboutthreemonths.Ibelievewewillneverforgetthisschool________wehavestudiedforthreeyears.A．where B．which C．who3．（2024·甘肃嘉峪关·模拟预测）TheIceRibbonisthevenue(场馆)________oneoftheWinterOlympiceventstookplace.A．that B．/ C．where D．which4．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）—Istherearestaurantaround________Icanhavesomethingtoeat?—Yes,thereisaChineserestaurantnearhere.A．which B．that C．where5.Onthetopofthehill________theoldmanoncelived.A．atemplestandsthereinwhich B．atemplestandingonwhichC．doesatemplestandwhere D．standsatemplewhere十、why引导限制性定语从句1．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）Ididn’tknowthereasons________A．howthewarhappensbetweenIsraeli—Palestinian.B．howdidthewarhappenbetweenIsraeli—Palestinian.C．whythewarhappenedbetweenIsraeli—Palestinian.D．whywasthewarhappenedbetweenIsraeli—Palestinian.2．（2022·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）Thereason________hedidn’tcomewas________hewasill.A．why;that B．that;why C．forthat;that3．—Peter,isthereanythingelseyouwanttoknowaboutChina?—Yes,Iamstillwondering________.A．whetheryoulikethebookB．howmanypeoplethereareintheroomC．whytheChinesepeopleliketoplaythedragondanceD．whosehandwritingisthebestinourclass类型二引导非限制性定语从句一、which引导非限制性定语从句1．（2022·四川达州·一模）Heseemsnottohavegrasped________Imeant,________greatlyupsetsme.A．what;who B．that;that C．what;which D．how;which2．（2022·云南昭通·二模）Doyouknow