2025年中图版八年级英语下册阶段测试试卷

…………○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………※※请※※不※※要※※在※※装※※订※※线※※内※※答※※题※※…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………第=page22页，总=sectionpages22页第=page11页，总=sectionpages11页2025年中图版八年级英语下册阶段测试试卷167考试试卷考试范围：全部知识点；考试时间：120分钟学校：______姓名：______班级：______考号：______总分栏题号一二三四五六总分得分评卷人得分一、选择题(共7题，共14分)1、【题文】-Mymotherisillinhospital.

——_______.

A.That’sOKB:.AllrightC.ThankyouD.I’msorrytohearthat.2、【题文】Theelephantweighs________morethanthepanda.A.manyB.manytimeC.manytimesD.moretimes3、TheweatherinLondonisquitedifferentfrom________inNanjing.A.itB.themC.thatD.those4、-Thebananaistoobig．

-Youcan____first．（）A.cutupthemB.cutthemupC.cutitupD.cutupit5、—WhatdoyouthinkofyourJuniorMiddleSchoollife?

—Ithinkitiscolorful,_________Iamalwaysbusy.A.ifB.thoughC.whileD.however6、Manypeopleshowedtheirsinging______andbecamefamousontheTVprogramTheVoiceofChina.A.abilityB.competitionC.backgroundD.suggestion7、An________happenedlastnight.Manyhousesfelldownandmanypeoplediedinit.A.accidentB.activityC.earthquakeD.electricity评卷人得分二、填空题(共6题，共12分)8、It’sverycoldoutside.Youputonyourcoatwhenyougoout.A.couldn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.would9、--Didyoubuy_______specialforyourparents?--Yeah.ButIbought______formyself.A.anything;somethingB.something;nothingC.something;somethingD.anything;nothing10、Youcaneatthesetwo______kindsoffood,andfindthe______betweenthem.。A．different,differentB．different,differencesC．difference,differenceD．differences,different11、Thiskindofcomputerlooks______andsells______intheshop.。A．nice;wellB．good;goodC．nicely;wellD．good;nice12、.I’msorrythatIshoutedatyouthismorning.______.Butpleasedon’tgetangrysoeasilynexttime.A.That’strueB.That’srightC.Itdoesn’tmatterD.Notatall13、Thegirlsenjoyed____(they)inShanghaiDisneyland.评卷人得分三、选择填空(共9题，共18分)14、-Wehavemany________ofbooks.

-Wemust________themonebyonenow.A.sorts;sortedB.sort;sortedC.sorts;sortD.sorts;sorts15、Didyou________thedustbin?Iseeitis________now.A.empty;emptyB.empty;emptyingC.emptied;emptiedD.empty;emptied16、Weshouldsortourgarbagebefore________.A.throwingitawayB.throwingthemawayC.throwingawayitD.throwingawaythem17、Mostofthegarbagecanbe________soweshouldn'twasteit.A.reuseB.reusingC.toreuseD.reused18、Doyouhaveaboxof_________.A.matchB.matchsC.matchesD.match’s19、Theweatheris________hot.A.toomuchB.muchtooC.toomanyD.manytoo20、_______bookdoyouwanttobuy?

A.WhoA.WhenB.HowC.Which21、IwanttowatchTV,please________.A.turnitonB.turnonitC.turnitoffD.turnoffit22、-MustIgototheteacher’sofficenow?

-No,you_______.A.mustB.mustn’tC.don’tD.needn’t评卷人得分四、选词填空(共3题，共6分)23、______（相信）itornot，Ididtheworkonmyown．24、。

Sally____reading.Inthemorning,shereadsthenewspaperandintheeveningshereadsbooks.Shehasalreadyreadmorethan100books!____favoritekindofbooksissciencefiction.Sheisinterestedinscienceandtechnologyandlovestoimaginewhattheworld____likein50years.She____readingabookaboutrobortslastweekandwillwriteabookreportaboutitnextweekforherFrenchclass.Everytimesheisinthelibrary,Sallylooksatthemanybooksshe____yetandshecan`twaittoreadthem.25、Ioftenhaved______atnight，soIcan'tsleepwell．评卷人得分五、其他(共4题，共8分)26、补全对话（有一项是多余的）Daming="D;"Tony=TD:HowlonghaveyoustudiedChinese?T:1.____D:Really?YourChineseisprettygood!T:But,Idon’tthinkChineseiseasytolearn.2.____D:In2000.Ithasbeen6years.T:3.____D:Well,mygrammarandvocabularyaregood.4.____T:YoushouldoftenlistentoEnglishmusicandseeEnglishfilms.D:5.____T:Sure,theydo!A．DoyoufinditdifficulttolearnEnglish?B．Bytheway,whendidyoustarttolearnEnglish?C．FormorethantwoyearsD．Butmylisteningisnotverygood.E.Dotheywork?F.Thanksalot.27、补全对话请根据对话内容，在下面的空白处填入适当的词，使对话完整与正确，并将答案填在答题卷相应的横线上。每空一词。Jim:Whatshallwedothisweekend?LiYan:Whynot____1.____tothecinema?Jim:That____2.____likeagoodidea.Ihaven’tseenafilmforalongtime.LiYan:What____3.____youliketosee?Theadsaysthereare007andTitanicon.Jim:Is007theoldone?LiYan:Yes,Ithink____4.____.AndIpreferthisone.Itisgreat.Jim:Butwehaveseenitbefore.LiYan:Nevermind.Maybeyouwilllikeitbetterthesecondtime.Jim:OK,youwin.I____5.____JamesBond（詹姆斯.邦德）verymuch.LiYan:Thenwe’dbetterhurry.Itstartsat7:00thisevening.28、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。

What______hissister______（do）from7：00pmto9：00pmlastSunday？29、翻译句子。

Hewillbefine．______评卷人得分六、信息匹配(共4题，共32分)30、Jenny:Sam,youlookunhappy.What’sthematter?Sam:MybestfriendJohnisillinhospital.Jenny:____What’swrongwithhim?Sam:Hehasastomachacheandcan’teatanything.Jenny:Buthelooksveryhealthy,Ithink.Sam:____He’stoofatbecauseheeatstoomuchmeat.Jenny:____Sam:Youareright.Hisdoctortoldhimtotakemoreexerciseandeatlessmeat,buthedidn’tlistentohim.Jenny:____Sam:Yes.Nowhethinkshisdoctorisrightandbeginstodowhatthedoctortoldhim.Jenny:____Sam:Me,too.(1)___________。A.Ihopehe’llbebettersoon.B.I’msorrytohearthat.C.It’sbadforhishealth.D.Idon’tthinkso.E.Hehopedtobethin.F.I’msurehemustfeelsorryforit.G.Hedidn’tliketoeatit.(2)___________。A.Ihopehe’llbebettersoon.B.I’msorrytohearthat.C.It’sbadforhishealth.D.Idon’tthinkso.E.Hehopedtobethin.F.I’msurehemustfeelsorryforit.G.Hedidn’tliketoeatit.(3)___________。A.Ihopehe’llbebettersoon.B.I’msorrytohearthat.C.It’sbadforhishealth.D.Idon’tthinkso.E.Hehopedtobethin.F.I’msurehemustfeelsorryforit.G.Hedidn’tliketoeatit.(4)___________。A.Ihopehe’llbebettersoon.B.I’msorrytohearthat.C.It’sbadforhishealth.D.Idon’tthinkso.E.Hehopedtobethin.F.I’msurehemustfeelsorryforit.G.Hedidn’tliketoeatit.(5)___________。A.Ihopehe’llbebettersoon.B.I’msorrytohearthat.C.It’sbadforhishealth.D.Idon’tthinkso.E.Hehopedtobethin.F.I’msurehemustfeelsorryforit.G.Hedidn’tliketoeatit.31、A:Whatterribleweather!I’dlovetogoout,butIthinkitwilljustcontinueraining.B:Well,Ilistenedtotheweatherreport.____.A:Ihopeso.I’mgoingtohaveapartythisSaturday.Wouldyouliketocome?B:Oh,I’dloveto.Thankyouforinvitingme.____?A:Well,onlymyfriends.Justachancetogettogetherandhavefun.PeterandMarkaregoingtohelpoutwiththecooking!B:Hey,I’llhelp,too!____A:Wouldyou?Thatsoundsdelicious!MyRussiancousinsaregoingtobethere.I’msurethey’llloveit.B:____?A:Yes,Russians!Theylovemakingfriends.ThemoreIthinkaboutmyparty,themoreIgetexcited.B:SodoI.____.

(1)

A:That’swhatI’mexpecting!

。A.Icanmakefruitsalad.B.WhoelsewillcometothepartyC.AretheyRussiaD.ItwillcontinuerainingtomorrowE.YourRussiancousinsF.ItwillstoprainingtomorrowG.I’msurewewillhaveagoodtime(2)

A:That’swhatI’mexpecting!

。A.Icanmakefruitsalad.B.WhoelsewillcometothepartyC.AretheyRussiaD.ItwillcontinuerainingtomorrowE.YourRussiancousinsF.ItwillstoprainingtomorrowG.I’msurewewillhaveagoodtime(3)A:That’swhatI’mexpecting!

。A.Icanmakefruitsalad.B.WhoelsewillcometothepartyC.AretheyRussiaD.ItwillcontinuerainingtomorrowE.YourRussiancousinsF.ItwillstoprainingtomorrowG.I’msurewewillhaveagoodtime(4)A:That’swhatI’mexpecting!

。A.Icanmakefruitsalad.B.WhoelsewillcometothepartyC.AretheyRussiaD.ItwillcontinuerainingtomorrowE.YourRussiancousinsF.ItwillstoprainingtomorrowG.I’msurewewillhaveagoodtime(5)A:That’swhatI’mexpecting!

。A.Icanmakefruitsalad.B.WhoelsewillcometothepartyC.AretheyRussiaD.ItwillcontinuerainingtomorrowE.YourRussiancousinsF.ItwillstoprainingtomorrowG.I’msurewewillhaveagoodtime32、Sally:Hi,Mary.AreyougoingtovisitBeihaiParktomorrow?

Mary:Yes.________

Sally:Yes,I’dloveto.Butdoyouthinkitsgoingtoraintomorrow?

Mary:______Look,thereisn’tanycloudinthesky.

Sally:Ihopeitwillbefinetomorrow.Bytheway,_____

Mary:Notfar.It’lltakeushalfanhourtogettherebybus.

Sally:Youmeanwe’llgotherebybus?

Mary:______

Sally:ButI’dliketogotherebybike.Youknow,thestreetsareverybusy.Busesmaynotgofasterthanbikes.

Mary：Iagreewithyou.Goingbybikecansavebothtimeandmoney.

Sally:Right.______

Mary:We‘llsetoffat7:50attheschoolgate.

Sally：Ok.Seeyouthen.

Mary:Seeyou.

(1)________

。A.That’sright.B.Wouldyouliketogowithus?C.Whenandwhereshallwemeet?D.WhatshouldItake?E.Itdoesn’tmatter.F.HowfarisBeihaiParkfromhere?G.Idon’thinkso.(2)________

。A.That’sright.B.Wouldyouliketogowithus?C.Whenandwhereshallwemeet?D.WhatshouldItake?E.Itdoesn’tmatter.F.HowfarisBeihaiParkfromhere?G.Idon’thinkso.(3)________

。A.That’sright.B.Wouldyouliketogowithus?C.Whenandwhereshallwemeet?D.WhatshouldItake?E.Itdoesn’tmatter.F.HowfarisBeihaiParkfromhere?G.Idon’thinkso.(4)________

。A.That’sright.B.Wouldyouliketogowithus?C.Whenandwhereshallwemeet?D.WhatshouldItake?E.Itdoesn’tmatter.F.HowfarisBeihaiParkfromhere?G.Idon’thinkso.(5)________

​。A.That’sright.B.Wouldyouliketogowithus?C.Whenandwhereshallwemeet?D.WhatshouldItake?E.Itdoesn’tmatter.F.HowfarisBeihaiParkfromhere?G.Idon’thinkso.33、（D）Wehavealwaysbeeninterestedinthemoon.2,000yearsago,peoplealreadyknewitmovesaroundtheearthandwhereitwouldbeintheskyatdifferenttimesoftheyear.____Whenscientistscouldusetelescopestostudythemoonmoreclosely,theirideasbegantochange.Theycouldseethemoonwasmadeofrocks.____Andtheybelievedthemoonhadoncebeenaplanet.Itwascaughtbyearth’sgravitymillionsofyearsago.In1969,moonrockswerefinallybroughttotheearthbyastronauts.____Totheirsurprise,scientistsfoundthatthemoonandtheeartharemadeofthesamethingsexceptforwater.____Afteryearsofstudy,somescientistsnowthinkthatthemoonwasoncepartoftheearth.Theybelievemaybe4millionyearsago,somethinghittheearth.____.Theserocksslowlyjoinedtogetherandbecamethemoonaftermanyyears.Inthefuture,eventhoughourideasaboutthemoonmaychangeagain,wewillstillbeinterestedinit.根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整，并将其标号填在下面题号后面的横线上。(1)_______。A.Theythoughtmoonrockswouldbedifferentformthoseontheearth.B.Thissentbillionsofrocksintospacearoundourplanet.C.Thentherockswerestudiedbyscientists.D.Buteverythingaboutitwaslearnedbywatchingitcarefullyatthattime.E.Somorescientificresearchwasdonefortheinformation.(2)_______。A.Theythoughmoonrockswouldbedifferentformthoseontheearth.B.Thissentbillionsofrocksintospacearoundourplanet.C.Thentherockswerestudiedbyscientists.D.Buteverythingaboutitwaslearnedbywatchingitcarefullyatthattime.E.Somorescientificresearchwasdonefortheinformation.(3)_______。A.Theythoughmoonrockswouldbedifferentformthoseontheearth.B.Thissentbillionsofrocksintospacearoundourplanet.C.Thentherockswerestudiedbyscientists.D.Buteverythingaboutitwaslearnedbywatchingitcarefullyatthattime.E.Somorescientificresearchwasdonefortheinformation.(4)_______。A.Theythoughmoonrockswouldbedifferentformthoseontheearth.B.Thissentbillionsofrocksintospacearoundourplanet.C.Thentherockswerestudiedbyscientists.D.Buteverythingaboutitwaslearnedbywatchingitcarefullyatthattime.E.Somorescientificresearchwasdonefortheinformation.(5)_______。A.Theythoughmoonrockswouldbedifferentformthoseontheearth.B.Thissentbillionsofrocksintospacearoundourplanet.C.Thentherockswerestudiedbyscientists.D.Buteverythingaboutitwaslearnedbywatchingitcarefullyatthattime.E.Somorescientificresearchwasdonefortheinformation.参考答案一、选择题(共7题，共14分)1、D【分析】【解析】

试题分析：句意：我妈妈生病住院了。听到这个消息我很难过。当别人说出一些不好的消息时，要表达同情，多用I’msorrytohearthat来表示；故选D。

考点：考查交际用语。【解析】【答案】D2、C【分析】【解析】

试题分析：句意：大象比熊猫重许多倍。此句中的time表示倍数。根据常识可知该选C。

考点：考查名词。【解析】【答案】C3、C【分析】句意：伦敦的天气与南京的天气相当不同。That用于表示比较的句子中，指代前文重复的内容，其它选项无此用法。故选C。【解析】C4、C【分析】cutup切碎，根据语境：这个香蕉太大了，你可以把它切碎，banana是单数；故用it，动副词组宾格放中间．

故选：C．

这个香蕉太大了．

你可以把它切碎．

此题考查动词短语，在熟知动词短语固定表达和用法基础上，结合语境，仔细分析，便可得出正确答案．【解析】C5、B【分析】略【解析】句意：——你觉得你的初中生活怎么样？——尽管我总是很忙，但我认为初中生活是多姿多彩的。考查连词。if如果；though尽管；while当时；however不管怎样。根据“itiscolorful”和“Iamalwaysbusy”可知，前后应该是让步关系，尽管很忙，但还是多姿多彩的。故选B。6、A【分析】句意：许多人在电视节目《中国好声音》中展示了他们的歌唱能力，从而出名。【解析】考查名词词义辨析。ability能力；competition竞赛；background背景；suggestion建议。根据“Manypeopleshowedtheirsinging”可知，许多人展示的是歌唱“能力”。故选A。7、C【分析】句意：昨晚发生了地震。许多房子倒塌了，许多人死在里面。【解析】考查名词词义辨析。accident意外，事故；activity活动；earthquake地震；electricity电。由后句“房子倒塌”和“人死亡”可知是发生了地震。故选C。二、填空题(共6题，共12分)8、C【分析】试题分析：句意：外面很冷，你出去的时候应该穿上外套。A.couldn’t不可能；B.can’t不能够，不可能；C.should应该；D.would将要，愿意。该句表示建议，应该穿上外套。故选C。考点：考查情态动词。【解析】【答案】C9、D【分析】试题分析：句意：你为你的父母买了什么特殊的东西吗？是的。但是我没有给我自己买东西。形容词修饰不定代词时要后置，即放在不定代词的后面，用于疑问句中用anything，所以应该是anythingspecial；根据后面转折连词but可知，没有给自己买东西；故选D。考点：考查不定代词的用法。【解析】【答案】D10、B【分析】词义词性辨析different不同的adjdifference不同之处，差异n句意：你可以吃两种不同的食物，寻找它们之间的差异故选B【解析】【答案】B11、A【分析】look相当于系动词，后接+adj，而动词词组要用副词来修饰，故选A【解析】【答案】A12、C【分析】试题分析：句意：很抱歉今天早上朝你嚷了。没关系，但是下次请不要那么容易生气。对于sorry回答Itdoesn’tmatter。结合句意，故选C考点：考查情景交际的用法。【解析】【答案】C13、themselves【分析】【分析】enjoyoneself是固定搭配，主语Thegirls是第三人称复数；故填反身代词themselves。句意是：女孩子们在上海迪士尼乐园玩得很开心。

【点评】本题考查反身代词的用法，反身代词常用于一些固定搭配中，enjoyoneself表示“玩得开心，过得愉快”。三、选择填空(共9题，共18分)14、C【分析】句意：“－我们有各种各样的书。”“－我们现在必须把它们一个一个地分类。”【解析】由前面many可知，第一空应填复数名词，所以填名词复数形式sorts；第二空应填动词，作“分类”讲，且情态动词must后面应用动词原形。根据句意及用法，故选C。15、A【分析】句意：“你把垃圾箱倒了吗?我看到它现在是空的。”【解析】第一个empty用作动词，表示“倒空”；第二个empty用作形容词，表示“空的”。根据句意，故选A。16、A【分析】句意：“我们应该先把垃圾分类再扔掉。”【解析】throwaway是动副词组，意为“扔掉，丢弃”。后面接代词宾语时，代词要放在动词和副词之间。garbage是不可数名词，代词应用it代替。根据句意及用法，A。17、D【分析】句意：“大部分垃圾可以重复利用，所以我们不应该浪费它。”【解析】考查含情态动词的被动语态。含情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词。根据句意及用法，故选D。18、C【分析】句意：你有一盒火柴吗【解析】match作名词，是可数名词。以ch结尾的名词，变复数加es。aboxofmatches一盒火柴。故选C。19、B【分析】句意：天气太热了。【解析】toomany和toomuch意为“太多”；toomany修饰可数名词，toomuch修饰不可。

数名词。muchtoo是副词短语；意为“太，非常”，修饰形容词或副词。没有many

too的搭配和用法。hot.是形容词，所以应选B。20、D【分析】句意：你想买哪本书?【解析】which是疑问代词，意为“哪个，哪一个”。根据句意，故选D。21、A【分析】句意：我想看电视，请把它打开【解析】turnon和turnoff是动词词组，turnon意为“打开”，turnoff意为“关上”。后面。

跟代词宾语时，要将代词放在动词和副词之间。根据前面的wanttowatchTV（想要看电视），可知此处应是“打开”的意思。故选A。22、D【分析】句意：-我现在必须去老师办公室吗?-不，你不需要。【解析】对Must的否定回答，要用needn’t（不必）。故选D。四、选词填空(共3题，共6分)23、略

【分析】答案：believe．

根据--itornot，Ididtheworkonmyown，可知信不信由你，我是自己做了这项工作的．believe，动词，相信．Believeitornot；信不信由你．故填Believe．

信不信由你；我是自己做了这项工作的．

本题主要考查翻译填空，做此类题目，首先结合提示词，弄清句意．然后再根据句法，语法，确定单词的准确形式．【解析】Believe24、略

【分析】这里缺少谓语动词，只有finish和love适合放在这里。84题跟本题差不多，但是84题后面有readingabookaboutrobortslastweekandwillwriteabookreportaboutitnextweekforherFrenchclass。所以finish应该放在84题，所以这题要用love，Sally是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数loves，故填loves。

这里缺少的是定语，来修饰最喜欢的书本类型，所以只有人称代词she的物主代词形式her可以放在这里，又放在句首，首字母要大写。故填Her。

句意：她对科学技术感兴趣，也喜欢去想象50年后的世界像是什么样子。belike像，这里又是对将来情况的假设，所以用be动词的一般将来时willbe，故填willbe。

句意：她上个星期读完一本关于机器人的书，将为了下个星期的法语课写一个关于它的书评。只有看完了，才能写书评，所以只有finish可以放在这里，因为事情发生在上个星期，在过去，所以用一般过去式finished，故填finished。

句意：每一次她在图书馆的时候，莎莉看着那些她还没看过的书，就迫不及待地去读它们了。这里she前省略了关系词that，这是省略的关系词that引导的定语从句来修饰前面的books，这个定语从句里缺少谓语动词，书是她看的，所以用read。这里要强调的是“到目前为止，她还没看过的”，所以用现在完成时态的否定形式。yet一般跟现在完成时态连用。故填hasn'tread。【解析】【小题1】loves【小题2】Her【小题3】willbe【小题4】finished【小题5】hasn'tread25、略

【分析】答案：dreams考查首字母填空．根据题干要用名词，根据句意所以睡不好觉．晚上应该是经常做梦，且要用复数形式，故答案是dreams

晚上我经常做梦；所以睡不好觉．

考查首字母填空．准确地翻译句子、理解句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺．【解析】reams五、其他(共4题，共8分)26、略

【分析】【解析】试题分析：这篇对话中大明和托尼各自说起了自己学习外语的问题,并针对彼此的学习情况提出了自己的建议.1.根据上文,你学习中文多久了?可知选C,大约两年多了.2.根据下文答语,在2000年.可知选B,顺便问一下,你什么时候开始学英语的?3.联系下文,哦,我的语法和词汇不错.可知选A,你发现了学英语很难吗?4.联系上文描述及下文答语,可知选D,可是我的听力非常不好.5.联系上文,你应该多听英文歌曲和看英语电影.可知选F,多谢.考点：情景交际【解析】【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D5.F27、略

【分析】【解析】试题分析：这篇对话中两个朋友主要讨论了周末去看电影的事情。1.结合语境可知句意为：为什么不去看电影？whynot为什么不，注意not后接动词原形，故填go，去。2.联系上文可知句意为：那听起来是个不错的主意。结合语境可知本句描述的是客观性动作，主语为单数第三人称，故谓语动词用单数，填sounds，听起来。3.联系下文可知句意为：你想要看什么？结合语境可知填情态动词would，将要。4.联系下文，可知此处表示对上文的肯定，故填so，句意：是的，我这么认为。5.联系上下文可知句意为：我非常喜欢詹姆斯邦德。主语是单数第一人称，一般现在时态中动词用原形，故填like或love，喜欢。考点：情景交际【解析】【答案】1.go2.sounds3.would4.so5.like或love28、was【分析】句意：上星期天下午7点到9点他姐姐在做什么？从from7：00pmto9：00pmlastSunday判断句子使用过去进行时，构成were/was+动词的ing形式．

故答案为：wasdoing．

上星期天下午7点到9点他姐姐在做什么？

本题考查用所给单词的适当形式填空，首先要根据语境明确句意，然后再根据相关语法对所给单词在形式上做出正确的变化．【解析】was29、他会好的．【分析】根据题干，可知考查句型：willbe+形容词将会的；fine好的．

故答案为：他会好的．

他会好的．

做这类题型，首先根据所给英语明确句子考查的句型结构，再结合相关语法知识给出正确的翻译．【解析】他会好的．六、信息匹配(共4题，共32分)30、略

【分析】根据上文MybestfriendJohnisillinhospital.可知下文回答I'msorrytohearthat.听到