第22讲 定语从句-2022年中考英语语法专项突破

中考英语语法全面精讲第十七讲、定语从句定语（...的）abeautifulgirlIlikeagirl.Thegirlisbeautiful.Ilikeagirl,andthegirlisbeautiful.【并列句】Ilikeagirlwhoisbeautiful.【定语从句】先行词关系代词定语从句1.定语从句就是一句话来修饰名词。2.定语从句必须置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，所以被修饰的词称为先行词。3.定语从句的关系词代指先行词在从句中所做成分。4.凡是出现名词、代词的地方就一定有定语。5.如果主句是现在或者将来，从句随意。如果主句是过去，从句时态要逻辑对应。\t"/item/%E5%AE%9A%E8%AF%AD%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5/_blank"定语从句由\t"/item/%E5%AE%9A%E8%AF%AD%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5/_blank"关系词引导，其中which,who,that称为关系代词,when,where,why称为关系副词。一、关系代词引导的定语从句：作主语作宾语指人who/thatwho/that（可省略）指物which/thatwhich/that（可省略）that(万金油)既可以指人，又可以指物who/that指人，在从句中做主语Theboyswho/thatareplayingfootballontheplaygroundarefromClassOne.【拆分】TheboysarefromClassOne.Theboysareplayingfootballontheplayground.YesterdayIhelpedanoldman.Anoldmanlosthisway.【变成定语从句】第一步：找到两句话中的共有名词。YesterdayIhelpedanoldman.Anoldmanlosthisway.第二步：确定主从句，把从句的名词或代词用关系词替换。YesterdayIhelpedanoldman.wholosthisway.第三步：要把关系词放到从句的句首。YesterdayIhelpedanoldman.wholosthisway.第四步：把关系词引导的从句置于先行词的后边。YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway..2.whom/who/that指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom/who/that)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson.Youtalkedabouttheperson.Themanismyfriend.Youmetthemanjustnow.【变成定语从句】Themanismyfriend.Youmetthemanjustnow.【先行词在从句中做宾语可省略】Themanismyfriend.Youmetwho/thatjustnow.Themanismyfriend.who/thatyoumetjustnow.Themanwho/thatyoumetjustnowismyfriend..Themanyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhich/thatislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)【拆分】Footballisagame.Agameislikedbymostboys(2)Thisisthepen.Heboughtthepenyesterday.【变成定语从句】Thisisthepenheboughtyesterday.【注】只用that,不用which的情况：当先行词是：all,any,anything,everything,nothing或被它们修饰时。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么可以为你做的吗？Allthatcanbedonemustbedone.凡是能做的都必须做。2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。3)当先行词有：theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。例如：Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'smissing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。4)当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。例如：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。定语从句练习一、用关系代词填空：that、which、who1.Thisisthemanwantstoseeyou.2.Themanyouwenttoseehascome.3.ThemanImetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.4.Hereisthepenyoulostthedaybeforeyesterday.5.ThestorybookIhavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.6.Thefilmtheyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.7.IwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplacesIhaveevervisited.二、翻译句子1.不努力学习的学生是不会通过考试的。Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.2.这些是我去年在北京照的照片。Thesephotoarethephotos.参考答案一．1.who/that2.(who/that)3.(who/that)4.(which/that)5.(which/that)6.(which/that)7.(that)二．1.whodon’tstudyhard2.whichItookinBeijinglastyear关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词相当于先行词在从句中的句法功能whenat/in/on/duringwhich表示时间的词（组）时间状语wherein/atwhich表示地点的词（组）地点状语whyforwhichreason原因状语when、where和why引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。1.when分析句子成分：IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.定语从句的翻译：1）AprilFool’sDayisadaywhenpeopleplayjokesonfriends愚人节是可以和朋友开玩笑的日子。2）我永远忘不了(第一次来深圳的)那一天。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoShenZhen.when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词为time,day,morning,night,week,year,moment,period,age等，亦可用“介词+which”替代。Eg.IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttraveledbyplane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。Wearelivinginanagewhenmanythingscanbedoneoncomputer.我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑做的时代。2.where分析句子成分：IwillgotothetownwhereIwasborn.定语从句的翻译：①ThefactorywhereIworkwillclosedown.我工作的那家工厂将倒闭。③这附近有没有(我可以买到花的)商店？IsthereashopnearherewhereIcanbuyflowers.where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等，亦可用“介词+which”替代。Eg.Canyoutellmethecompanywhereheworks?你能告诉我他工作的公司吗？Keepthebooksinaplacewhereyoucanfindthemeasily.请把书放在容易找到的地方。3.why分析句子成分：Ireallydon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateagain.定语从句的翻译：①Ididn’ttellhimthereasonwhyIwasafraid.我没告诉他我为什么害怕的原因。④(我不喜欢那家餐馆的)原因是我在那丢过东西。ThereasonwhyIdon’tlikethatrestaurantisthatIoncelostsomethingthere.ThereasonwhyIdosth.isthat...notonly...butalso...ThereasonwhyIlikeEnglishisthatitcannotonlyenrichourknowledgebutalsoopenoureyes.why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，亦可用“介词for+which”替代。Eg.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn’tjoinhisbirthdayparty?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？Sumup:关系副词when,where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词(名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。when相当于“at/in/on/during+which”where相当于“in/at/on+which”why相当于“for+which”王先生工作的那家工厂是一家鞋厂。Thefactoryisashoefactory.Mr.Wangworksinthefactory.这个句子有以下三种表达方式：Thefactoryisashoefactorywhich/thatMr.Wangworksin.ThefactoryisashoefactoryinwhichMr.Wangworks.ThefactoryisashoefactorywhereMr.Wangworks.并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when,where,why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。定语从句练习一、填入适合的关系词1.Weoftenthinkofthedayswespenttogetherinthecountryside.2.Weoftenthinkofthedaysweworkedtogetherinthecountryside.3.Webelievethereasonhetoldus.4.Thereasonhewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown.5.TheschoolIvisitedisbeautiful.6.TheschoolIstudiedisbeautiful.翻译句子1.这是他爸爸工作的地方。Thisistheplace.2.你能告诉我你迟到的原因么。Canyoutellmethereason.3.我永远都不会忘记我们在高中学习的那段时光。Iwillneverforgetthetime.参考答案一．1.which/that2.when3.which/that4.why5.which/that6.where二．1.wherehisfatherworks2.whyyouarelate3.whenwestudyinahighmiddleschool非限制性定语从句Hewillwearnoclotheswhichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.限定性定语从句他将穿没有和其他人与众不同的衣服。Hewillwearnoclothes,whichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.非限制性定语从句他将要不穿衣服，这将使他与众不同。限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句表意与主句关系紧密，不能删除与主句关系松散，可删除功能修饰先行词先行词或整个句子形式无逗号隔开有逗号隔开，不能使用that关系代词which在非限制性定语从句，中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。①which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。如：Water，whichisaclearliquid，hasmanyuses.水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。②which指代主句中的形容词。She