05（科技部重组人工智能读取大脑常温超导网络欺凌）-冲刺2023年中考英语时事热点必读（解析版）2

2023年中考英语必读时事热点(5)文章导读一、阅读理解：中国重组科学技术部，大力支持基础研究二、阅读理解：直播教室画面引热议。三、阅读理解：全球热议的“常温超导体”到底是什么？四、阅读理解：人工智能读取大脑，重现你所见。五、阅读回答问题：你也在用社交媒体搜索信息吗？六、阅读理解：谈网络欺凌及心里因素。七、书面表达:真诚的朋友是我们人生路上的一盏灯.讲述一位好友的故事。一、阅读理解Math,physics,chemistry...thesesubjectsmightoftengetyoufrustratedasthey’renoteasytolearn.However,theyareveryimportant.Basicresearchfocusesonthesesubjectsandmore.ChinaannouncedplansonMarch10toreorganize(重组)theMinistryofScienceandTechnology,makingitbettersupportbasicsciences.Aftertheplaniscarriedout,theministrywilltakeonkeydutiessuchasmanagingthenation’sbasicresearch,Statelaboratoriesandbigscientificprojects.

ThisisinlinewithChina’sgreateremphasis(重视)onbasicresearchinrecentyears.Chinahasdoubleditsspendingonbasicresearchoverthepastfiveyears,accordingtothisyear’sGovernmentWorkReport.Basicresearchprovidesthebasefordevelopingnewtechnologies,productsandservicesthatbenefiteconomicdevelopmentandpeople’slives.Forexample,progressinphysicshasledtomanytechnologicalinnovations,includinglasersandGPSsystems.“Withoutbreakthroughsinbasicsciences,therewon’tbeapplications(应用),”ShenRenfang,thedirectoroftheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofSoilScience,toldChinaDaily.However,Chinaisfacingkeybottleneck(瓶颈)challengesinfieldssuchastheintegratedcircuit(集成电路)andartificialintelligence.That’sbecauseitlacks(缺乏)somebasicresearchneededtosolvekeyscientificproblems.Inthefuture,theministrywillmakeuseofresources(资源)acrossthecountryandfocusonsolvingkeybottleneckproblems.ThiswillhelpChinamovefastertowardgreaterself-reliance(自立)inscienceandtechnology.1.Fromthearticle,weknowthat_________doesn’tbelongtobasicsciencesubject.A.mathB.physicsC.chemistryD.history2.WhydoesourgovernmentplantoreorganizetheMinistryofScienceandTechnology,A.Toimprovethequalityofoureducation.B.ToincreaseeducationfundsC.Topaymoreattentiontothestudyofbasicscience.D.Toimprovepeople'sawarenessofscienceandtechnology3.Whatdothefourth,fifthandsixthmainlyparagraphstalkabout?A.Theimportanceofbasicresearch.B.Weshouldbreakthroughsomebottlenecks.C.Chinaisfacingagreatchallenge.D.integratedcircuitandartificialintelligenceareourbottlenecks.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?A.ThenewministrywilltakeonStatelaboratoriesandbigscientificprojects.B.Withoutdoublingthespendingonbasicresearch,therewon’tbescienceimprovement.C.integratedcircuitandartificialintelligenceareourbottlenecksatthepresent.D.Thenewministrywillbehelpfultosolveourkeybottleneckproblems.【答案】DCAB【解析】本文着重介绍中国政府重组科学技术部的原因。1.D细节理解题。从文中提到的科目可知物理，化学，数学都是基础科学学科。历史没有提及，答案选D2.C细节理解题。从第二段makingitbettersupportbasicsciences.和ThisisinlinewithChina’sgreateremphasis(重视)onbasicresearchinrecentyears可知重组科学技术部重要是加强基础学科的学习。答案选C3.A主旨大意题。从三个方面介绍基础研究的重要性。一是，为新技术发展提供了基础，二是，没有基础科学的突破就没有新的应用，三是，解决中国瓶颈问题需要基础科学。4.B细节理解题。从第二段叙述中可知A正确。B的叙述与原文不相符。从倒数第二段叙述可知C正确。从最后一段叙述可知D正确。二、阅读理解Alivestreamingplatform(直播平台)oncetriedtobroadcast(播出)classroomsituationslive,includingstudentshavingclassesorself-studying.Itraisedaheateddiscussion.Herearesomestudents’opinions.StudentA:

Iagreewithit.WhenIwatchedthevideos,Isawsomecommentsfromadultslike“Itremindsmeofmyschoollife”and“Iadmirethewaytheyfocusonstudying.Iwanttogobacktomyschooltime.”Itistruethatweshouldhaveourprivacy(隐私)butthelivestreamingshowremindsadultsoftheirwonderfulmemoriesofschool.It’sagoodthing.StudentB:

Isupporttheidea.Students’parentscanseewhattheyaredoingatschool.Itwillhelpthemknowtheirchildrenbetter.What’smore,Ithinkifstudentsknowtheyareonaliveshow,theywillbehavethemselves.Teacherswilltrytomaketheirclassesmoreinteresting.StudentC:

Inmyopinion,it’sbadtoshowstudents’performancesintheclassroomontheinternet.It’saviolation(侵犯)ofprivacy.Notonlycantheparentsofthesekidswatchitontheircomputersormobilephones,butalsootherpeopleinsociety.It’sasafetythreat(威胁),becausebadpeoplemaymakeuseofthevideosillegally(非法地)andhurtthesestudents.StudentD:

Thisactdoesn’trespectstudents.Throughthelivebroadcast,peopleacrossthecountrycanseethestudents’actswithoutthosestudentsevenknowingaboutit.Ifitisanopenclassandtheschoolhasgotthestudents’permission(允许),itwillbefine.Butnowitseemsthattheplatformisdirectlyputtingthevideosontheinternetwithoutpermission,whichisnotappropriate(合适的).

1.Howmanystudentsclearlysupportthelivestream?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.2.Withthelivestream,studentBthinksthat_____.A.studentswillvaluetheirschoollifemoreB.teachersdon’tneedtomonitortheclassroomC.parentswillknowtheirkidsbetterD.studentsmightfeelverystressed

3.Whichstudentthinksthatthevideosmightbeusedinabadway?A.StudentAB.StudentBC.StudentCD.StudentD4.WhatrightdoesstudentDthinklivestreamingviolates?A.Therighttofreedomofexpression.B.Therighttoeducation.C.Therighttoequality.D.Therighttoprivacy.【答案】BCCD【解析】本文是一篇应用文，讨论学生对课堂直播的看法。1.B细节理解题。通读全文，studentA和studentB支持课堂直播。答案选B2.C细节理解题。从Students’parentscanseewhattheyaredoingatschool.Itwillhelpthemknowtheirchildrenbetter.可知答案选C3.C从studentC的观点中It’sasafetythreat(威胁),becausebadpeoplemaymakeuseofthevideosillegally(非法地)andhurtthesestudents.答案选C4.D推理判断题。Throughthelivebroadcast,peopleacrossthecountrycanseethestudents’actswithoutthosestudentsevenknowingaboutit，通过直播，整个国家人都能看见学生的行为并且不知，没有经过学生允许将视频放在平台上，是不合时宜的。可知违反学生的隐私权。答案选D三、阅读理解Imaginetryingtorunthroughafield,buttherearealotofthingsinyourway.Youhavetoslowdowntogetthrough.Butifthefieldiscleared,youcouldrunasfastasyouwant.

Thisishowelectricitygoesthroughasuperconductor(超导体).Whileinnormalconductorstheelectrons(电子)maycomeacrossmanyotherparticles(粒子),theyhaveaclearpathinasuperconductor.Thismeanstheelectricitycantravelwithnoresistance(电阻)inasuperconductorandwastesnoenergy.

Recently,scientistssaidtheyhadcreatedasuperconductorthatcanworkatroomtemperature.Ifproventrue,itcouldbecomeoneofthe“greatestscientificachievementsofthe21stcentury”,wrotePhysicsmagazine.

Thefirstsuperconductorwasdiscoveredin1911byDutchscientistHeikeOnnes.Hefoundthatmercury(汞)cooledto-269Cwouldloseallresistancetoelectricity.Sincethen,scientistshavebeentryingtousesuperconductorsindifferentareas.

Onecoolestuseisinthemaglev(磁悬浮的)trains.Themagneticfields(磁场)andsuperconductorinteract(相互作用),creatingaforcethatpushesthemagnetup.

Butcurrently,thesuperconductoronlyworkswhenthetemperatureisverylow.Itmeansthepriceishighanditcannotbewidelyused.Thenewstudy,donebyscientistsfromtheUniversityofRochester,US,createdthesuperconductorwithhydrogen(氢),nitrogen(氮)andlutetium(镥)at21C.Itstillrequiredapressureofabout10,000timesthatofEarth’satmosphere.Butthat’sfarlowerthanthepressuretypicallyrequiredforsuperconductors.Ifthisnewmaterialcanbeusedinthecitygrid(电网),“alotofenergycanbesaved,”saidLuoHuiqianattheChineseAcademyofSciences.Themaglevtrainswouldbecomefaster,reaching800to1000kilometersperhour.Thematerialcouldalsoleadtofastercomputers,andthusdevelopmentinAIandotherareasthatneedfastcomputing.1.Whatisasuperconductor?A.Itallowselectricitytoflowwithnoresistance.B.Itisthewireweusetotransmitelectricity.C.Itisaconductorwithhighresistancetoelectricity.D.Itisadeviceusedtocoolmercuryto-269C.2.Whyisitdifficulttowidelyusesuperconductorscurrently?A.Becausetheycanreleasehighairpressure.B.Becausetheyonlyworkatthetemperatureof21C.C.Becausetheycanproducelotsofheat.D.Becausetheyworkonlyinlowtemperatures.3.Theunderlined“it”inParagraph6refersto_____.A.themaglevtrainB.thecurrentsuperconductorC.thefirstsuperconductorD.thenewlyfoundmaterial4.Comparedtothecurrentsuperconductor,thenewoneinthestudy_____.a.canworkatahighertemperatureb.costslesstoproducec.requiresmuchlowerairpressured.needsfewermaterialstoproduceA.abB.bcC.acD.bd5.Iftheroom-temperaturesuperconductorcomestrue,_____.A.wewon’tlackelectricityanymoreB.technologiesinmanyareascanbeimprovedC.themaglevtrainswillmovewithoutresistanceD.thetransmissionofelectricitycanbemomentary【答案】ADBBB【解析】本文介绍超导的发展情况。1.细节理解题。通过第一段的描述，和第二段Thismeanstheelectricitycantravelwithnoresistance(电阻)inasuperconductorandwastesnoenergy.可知答案选A2.D细节理解题。第六段

Butcurrently,thesuperconductoronlyworkswhenthetemperatureisverylow.Itmeansthepriceishighanditcannotbewidelyused.但目前，超导体只有在温度非常低的情况下才能工作。这意味着价格很高，不能广泛使用。答案选D3.B字义猜测题。It指代前文的当前的超导现象。答案选B。4.B细节理解题。从第六段Butthat’sfarlowerthanthepressuretypicallyrequiredforsuperconductors.可知c正确。从前文叙述普通超导花费高，可判断这种超导成本要低些。答案选B5.Ｂ细节理解题。从最后一段叙述，磁浮列车，电脑，人工智能技术都会得到提高可知答案选B四、阅读理解Haveyoueverwantedtoseeyourdreamsafteryouwokeup?Artificialintelligence(AI)technologymayhelpyoudothisinthenearfuture!ResearchersfromOsakaUniversityinJapanhavetrainedanAIsystemtorecreateimages(重现图片)inpeople’sheads.ThepicturesAIhascreatedincludeateddybear,anairplaneandaclocktower.Thetechnologyis80percentaccurate(准确的),reportedSciencemagazine.Previously(之前)therehavebeenAImodelsthatcanturnawordorphraseintoimages.TheAIhasstudiedlotsofimagesandtheirtextdescriptions.Overtime,theAIcanfindpatternsandrecreatepicturesifyoufirstinput(输入)text.Thistime,theresearcherstookastepfurther.TheytrainedtheAItolinkpeople’sbrainscandata(扫描数据)withimages.Theyaskedfourpeopletolookat10,000differentimages,andlettheAIfindpatternsofbloodflowinthebrain.Thenthepatternscanberelatedtotheimages.

Ifpeoplelookedatanairplane,theAIwouldusethebrainscandatatocreateanimageofaverycloudyairplane.Then,itwouldturnontheprevious“text-to-image”model.Byfeedingthekeyword“airplane”,theAIwouldimprovetheimageandmakeitmorereal.“It’sanewmethodthatcombinestextualandvisualinformationto‘decipher(破译)thebrain’,”ArielGoldsteinfromPrincetonUniversitytoldSciencemagazine.Researcherssaidthetechnologycouldsomedayhelppeoplewithparalysis(瘫痪)tocommunicate.Itmightalsohelpscientistsunderstanddreamsorevenhowotheranimalsseetheworld.

1.WhatdoweknowabouttheAIsystemmentionedinParagraph2?A.Itcanhelptrainpeople’sminds.B.Itwascreatedfordrawingpeople’sheads.C.Itcanrecreatepicturesinpeople’sheads.D.Itcanfullypresentpeople’sdreams.

2.HowdidthepreviousAImodelsturnphrasesintoimages?A.Bydrawingpicturesaccordingtousers’orders.B.Byunderstandingthemeaningofthewords.C.Byfindingdifferentphotosfromtheinternet.D.Byfindingpatternsinimagesandtheirtextdescriptions.

3.WhatistheworkingprocessofthenewAIsystem?A.relatewithimage→scanbloodflow→improvethetext→turnintotheimageB.relatewithimage→turnintotext→scanbloodflow→improvetheimageC.scanbloodflow→relatewithimage→turnintotext→improvetheimageD.scanbloodflow→turnintotext→relatewithimage→improvetheimage

4.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howtoknowthewayanimalsseetheworld.B.Howpeoplewithparalysistalkwithothers.C.WhatthenewAItechnologycouldbeusedfor.D.HowAItechnologyaffectspeople’sdreams.【答案】CDAC【解析】１细节理解题。ResearchersfromOsakaUniversityinJapanhavetrainedanAIsystemtorecreateimagesinpeople＇sheads.答案选C２．细节理解题。从.TheAIhasstudiedlotsofimagesandtheirtextdescriptions.可知答案选D３.细节理解题。通读第四段和第五段。先是将大脑数据与图像关联起来，扫描血流，。。。答案选A４.主旨题。这一段主要介绍这一技术的应用。答案选C五、阅读回答问题Recently,aDouyininfluencer(网红)named“Xiaozhangtheworker”wentviral(走红)becauseofher“How-to”videoseries.Inthevideos,sheteachesthemostbasiclifeskills,suchashowtoseeaconcertandhowtotakethesubway.Shehasquicklygainedover2millionfollowersonDouyin.Insomeway,therisingpopularityof“How-to”videosmirrorsthefactthatyoungpeople’ssearchhabitshavechanged.They’reincreasinglyturningtosocialmediaplatforms(平台)likeDouyinandBilibiliforinformation.

LiZhouzi,a14-year-oldfromShanxi,likestosearchonBilibili.Shesaidthatbydoingthis,shegetsinformationmorequicklyandeasily.Forexample,whenusingtraditionalsearchengines(搜索引擎)foraconcept(概念)ofphysics,shewouldalwaysloseherwayinaseaofhard-to-getterms.Instead,videosbycreatorsonBilibilicanofferdetailed(详细的)explanationsthatareoftenclearerthanthoseshecanfindelsewhere.Beingabletoformlinkswithrealpeoplecanalsogivesearchersastrongsenseoftrust.HuTianisa13-year-oldgirlfromSichuan.Shelikessearchingforhowtodoresin-dripping(滴胶)onXiaohongshu,alifestyle-sharingplatform.Shecanseenoteswithphotosandtextspostedbypeoplewhoalsohavealikingforit.“Itrustthemmorethansomerandomcomments(随机的评论)fromunknownpeopleonsearchengines,”shesaid.

LikeHu,manyGenZerssearchforlightertopicsonsocialmediaplatforms.Meanwhile,theyleavetheheaviertopicstotraditionalsearchengines.ZhouYaokai,aSenior3studentfromSichuanisoneofthem.Whenforminghispersonalopinionsonheatedtopics,hepreferstoturntoofficialwebsitesoforganizationsorwell-thought-ofmediasources.“Inthisway,theinformationcanbethemostreliable(可靠的),”hesaid.

1.Howdid“Xiaozhangtheworker”goviral?

2.Whattrenddoesthepopularityof“How-to”videosreflect?

3.WhydidLiZhouzifindtraditionalsearchengineshardtouse?

4.What’simportanttoHuTianwhensearchingforinformation?

5.WhendoesZhouYaokaiusetraditionalsearchengines?【答案】1.ByteachingbasiclifeskillsthroughvideosonDouyin.2.Nowyoungpeopleareturningtosocialmediaplatformsforinformation.3.Becauseittakesmoretimetofindclearanddetailedanswersonthem.4.Thelinkandtrustbetweenherandtheinformationprovider.5.Whenhelooksforinformationaboutheaviertopicsonthem.六、阅读理解Ataneventmarkingthe100-daycountdowntothegaokaoheldinlateFebruary,astudentgaveaspeechtomotivateherschoolmates.However,afterthevideoofthespeechwaspostedonline,someviewersleftoffensive(冒犯的)comments,attackingherappearance.

Fortunately,asofFeb28,116postshadbeendeletedand87accountshadbeensuspended(暂停)duetotheirattacksonthegirl,accordingtoSinaWeibo.Whydopeoplecyberbully?Bydefinition,cyberbullyingreferstotheactofpostingmean-spirited(刻薄的)messagesaboutaperson–sometimeswithoutthedirectintentionofinsulting(侮辱)others,accordingtoVeryWellMindwebsite.Thescapegoat(替罪羊)theorymaybeoneexplanation.Peopletendtoblamesomeoneelsefortheirownproblems.Bydoingthis,theytrytokeepapositiveviewofthemselves.Forexample,whenapersonishavingahardtimeatwork,heorsheismorelikelytobeangrywhencheckingsocialmedia.Thepersonmayleaveanoffensivecommentwithouttheintentionofbullyinganyoneonline.Somepeoplemaybelievethatcyberbulliesare“badpeople”.However,asKirstyEntwistle,apsychologist(心理学家)inPortugal,wrotetoonlinepublishingplatformMedium,peoplewhoparticipateincyberbullyingjusthave“moresevere(严重的)emotionsthantherestofus”,suchasjealousy(嫉妒).Cyberbulliesmayalsobe“peoplewhoareunabletoformapositiveconnectionwithothers”,wroteEntwistle.Forthem,negativecommunicationcanbringmoreattentionthanbeingalone.Theinternetinawayhidesouridentities–manypeoplewon’tbeblamedforleavingoffensivecommentsevennow.Whenillwordsbecomeatrend,peoplemaythinkwhattheyseeonlineistrue,andthatthevictims(受害者)arejust“gettingwhattheydeserved(该受)”,accordingtoYixinli,apsychologywebsiteinChina.Tokeepawayfromcyberbullying,weshouldhaveaclearmindandreportoffensivecommentsorvideoswhennecessary.1.What’sthepurposeofthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Toreportacyberbullyingevent.B.Toleaduptothetopicofcyberbullying.C.Todiscusstheimpactofcyberbullying.D.Toshowdifferentattitudestowardcyberbullying.2.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofcyberbullying.B.Atypicalexampleofcyberbullying.C.Oneofthereasonsforcyberbullying.D.Whoaremorelikelytocyberbullyothers.3.AccordingtoEntwistle,whydosomepeopleparticipateincyberbullying?A.Theyarejealousofothers.B.Theyareeagertobepraised.C.Theyusedtobebullied.D.Theyarebadpeoplebynature.4.Whatcanwedotokeepawayfromcyberbullying,accordingtothetext?A.Don’tpostanyvideosonline.B.Don’tbeeasilyinfluencedbyothers.C.Hideourrealidentitiesonline.D.Avoidleavingnegativecomments.【答案】BCAB【解析】本文介绍网络欺凌的一些心里因素。１．B写作目标题。通过高考百日倒计时的活动在演讲视频发布到网上后，一些观众留下了冒犯的评论，攻击她的外表这件事，来导出话题－网络欺凌。答案选B２.C主旨大意题。第四段主要介绍网络欺凌的一个心里原因。答案选C３.A细节理解题。参与网络欺凌的人比别人更加情绪化。比如嫉妒。所以答案选A４.B推理判断题。从最后一段Tokeepawayfromcyberbullying,weshouldhaveaclearmindandreportoffensivecommentsorvideoswhennecessary.我们应该有清醒的头脑，并在必要时报告攻击性的评论或视频。所以要求我们不受别人影响。答案选B七、书面表达真诚的朋友是我们人生路上的一盏灯，在我