2022邯郸市邯山区高考英语一轮阅读理解选练(11)及答案

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Youknowhowwonderfulyouare，andyouknowthatothersknowhowwonderfulyouare，butwhatdoyoudowhenadmirationcrossesoverthelineintojealousy？Formostteenstherewillcomeadaywhenyourealizethatoneofyourfriendsisjealousandthatthisjealousyishurtingyourfriendship.Whenthishappensitcanseemlikethereisnothingthatyoucando，butthegoodnewsisthatthereis.Don'tletjealousyspoilyourrelationships.Tackleitheadonandyoumightbebacktonormalmuchsoonerthanyouthink.Itcanbehardtowalkuptoafriendandaskthemwhattheproblemis，butifyouwanttosaveyourfriendshipyou'llhavetodojustthat.Don'tapproachthemandaskwhytheyarejealousofyou(unlessofcourseyouwanttoappeartotallyconceited)，justtakesometimealonewiththemandletthemknowthatyou'vebeenfeelinglikethere'sbeensomethingcomingbetweenyou.Iftheyrefusetorespond，thenusetheopportunitytoexplainhowyouhavebeenfeeling.Chancesarethatsomethingyousaywillstrikeanerveandyourfriendwillopenupaswell.Whenyoufigureoutwhatisannoyingyourfriend，askhimorherwhat(s)hethinkswouldmakethesituationbetter.If，forexample，(s)hesaysthat(s)hefeelslike(s)hedoesn'tgettospendanytimewithyoubecauseofyourbeingoffwithyournewfriendsfromtheswimteamthenmaybeyoucouldinviteheralongthenexttimeorblockoffonedayaweekforjustthetwoofyou.Remember，though，thatwhateversolutionyoudecideonshouldbeacompromise.Don'tlimityourowntalentsoropportunitiessimplybecauseyourfriendisunhappy.Tryinsteadtoincludehimorherinyournewlifeandseehowthatworksout.Eventhebestoffriendshipscanbetingedbyjealousy.Thisdestructiveemotionisrarelyproductiveandcanturnbestfriendsintoworstenemies.Beforetakingextremeaction，chatwithyourjealousfriendtoseeifthetwoofyoucanworkoutacompromise.Ifyoucan't，bepreparedtoknowexactlyhowfaryouwillgotokeepyourfriendandhowfaryouwon't.【语篇解读】本文是关于人际关系的话题。尤其是青少年伴侣之间会由于嫉妒而使相互间的友情被破坏，本文着重叙述如何处理被伴侣嫉妒及处理过程中可能遇到的困难。1．Accordingtotheauthor，thejealousyemotionis________.A．normal B．productiveC．destructive D．extreme解析细节理解题。由第一段其次句．..thatthisjealousyishurtingyourfriendship.可知。答案C2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasawaytoconfrontyourfriendwhenjealousyhappens?A．Walkinguptohim/herandaskinghim/herwhyhe/sheisjealousofyou.B．Walkinguptohim/herandaskinghim/herwhattheproblemis.C．Spendingsometimewithhim/herandlettinghim/herknowhowyoufeel.D．Spendingsometimewithhim/herandlettinghim/herknowyouthinkthere'ssomethingcomingbetweenyou.解析细节理解题。由其次段其次句Don'tapproachthemandaskwhytheyarejealousofyou可知。答案A3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．There'salwaysasolutiontosolvetheproblemofjealousy.B．Jealousycanturnbestfriendsintoworstenemies.C．Youmayloseafriendtokeepyourowngifts，chancesorselfdevelopment.D．Youshouldgoalongwaywithyourfriendtoworkoutasolution解析推理推断题。答案C4．Thepurposeofthepassageis________.A．toexplainwhatcausesjealousyB．tooffersomeadviceonmakingfriendsC．tointroducethewaytocopewithajealousfriendD．toexplainhowdestructivethejealousemotionis解析作者意图题。通读全文可知，本文的写作目的是介绍处理有嫉妒心伴侣的方法。答案C.【2021界广东省汕头市质量测评试题】Communitytheatreisatheatrethatisrunbyalocaldistrictwiththeeffortsofvolunteers.Theyoffermanydifferentkindsofproductions,suchasmusicaltheatre,dancetheatreandchildren’stheatre.Usually,performersareamateurswhoreceivenopay,butatothertimesprofessionalsgetinvolved,andtheyarepaid.Communitytheatresoftodayarealittledifferentftomtheold“littletheatres”，asmostaresimplyrunbycollegesandtheirtheatredepartments.Communitytheatresareagreatwaytogetinvolvedwithlocalactors.Now,mosttheatresputonshowsthatwillentertainorbenefitthecommunity.Inthe1880s,“littletheatre”wasstartedinEuropesothatpoorpeoplecouldseetheatricalproductionswithouthavingtotravelfarorpayalot.In1910，thisideatraveledtotheUnitedStates.Intheearlyyears,communitytheatreswereevenfundedbythegovernment,butwhenshowsbecametoopolitical,governmentfundingwasstopped.Communitytheatresoftodayarealittledifferentfromtheold“littletheatres”，asmostsimplywanttoinfuselittlecultureintothelivesofthelocalcitizens.Inmanycases,thesetheatresarerunbycollegesandtheirtheatredepartments.Theseproductionsareoftenfreeofcharge,orchargeverylittlemoneytopayforcostumesandotherincidentalexpenses.Manyalsoencouragetheparticipationofchildrenandotheryoungpeopletoletthemdeveloptheatricalskills,aswellastokeepthembusysothattheydonotchoosetogetintotrouble.Additionally,forthosewhodesirestronglytobecomeprofessionalactorsandtoonedaygetachancetoactinanationaltheatreproduction,itisanexcitingplacetolearnanddeveloptheatricalskills.41. Whywas“littletheatre”startedinEurope?A. Toputonshowsforchildren.B. Tocollectmoneyforpoorpeople.C. Toentertainpoorpeople.D. Togetpeopleinterestedintheatricalproductions.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由“‘littletheatre”’wasstartedinEuropesothatpoorpeoplecouldseetheatricalproductionswithouthavingtotravelfarorpayalot.”可知，是为了让穷人消遣。故选C。42.Fromthepassageweknowthatcommunitytheatrescan_____.A. helpyoungpeoplemakemoremoneyB. preventyoungpeoplegettingintotroubleC. helpyoungpeopleenterthecollegesD. encourageyoungpeopletobecomemoreresponsible【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由“Manyalsoencouragetheparticipationofchildrenandotheryoungpeopletoletthemdeveloptheatricalskills,aswellastokeepthembusysothattheydonotchoosetogetintotrouble.”可知社区剧院可以防止年轻人惹事。故选B。43. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutcommunitytheatre?A. Itisusuallyfundedbythegovernment.B. Itisintendedtotrainprofessionalactors.•C. Itbenefitsthecommunityinmanyways.D. Itisquitedifferentfromtheold“littletheatres”.【答案】C【解析】推理推断题。由“Manyalsoencouragetheparticipationofchildrenandotheryoungpeopletoletthemdeveloptheatricalskills,aswellastokeepthembusysothattheydonotchoosetogetintotrouble.”可知社区剧院在很多方面给社区带来利益。故选C。44.Whichofthefollowingsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“infuse”inPara.3?A.getridof B.fillwithC. cutdown D.fullof【答案】B【解析】词义猜想题。A。摆脱，除去；B。充入，装满；C.削减，砍倒，删节；D。装满。由上下文可知，它们想灌输一点文化到当地公民的生活中。45.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat_____.A. someprofessionalactorsmaycomefromthecommunitytheatresB. communitytheatresonlychargeforincidentalexpensesC. communitytheatreshavelosttheirattractiontodayD. peoplecanlivebyactinginthecommunitytheatres【答案】A【解析】推断推理题。由“forthosewhodesirestronglytobecomeprofessionalactorsandtoonedaygetachancetoactinanationaltheatreproduction,itisanexcitingplacetolearnanddeveloptheatricalskills.”可知一些专业演员可能出自社区剧院。故选A。PassageThirty-four

(TheRelationshipbetweenBrainProcesswithMentalExperience)

By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging.Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience.

Neartheturnofthecentury,ithadbeensuggestedbyHeringthatdifferentmodesofsensation,suchaspain,tasteandcolor,mightbecorrelatedwiththedischargeofspecifickindsofnervousenergy,However,subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity.Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.Althoughqualitativevarianceamongnerverigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheopposingview,namely,thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem.Accordingtothistheory,itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,but,rather,thedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview.Inoneexperiment,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationfromthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationfromtheauditorycortex,andsoon.Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasforaspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned,theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.

However,corticalasdiverseasthoseofred,black,greenandwhite,ortouch,cold,warmth,movement,pain,postureandpressureapparentlymayarisethroughactivationofthesamecorticalareas.Whatseemedtoremainwassomekindofdifferentialpatterningeffectsinthebrainexcitation:itisthedifferenceinthecentraldistributionofimpulsesthatcounts.Inshort,Braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetweenmentalexperienceandtheactivityofrelativelyhomogenousnerve-cellunitsconductingessentiallyhomogeneousimpulsesthroughhomogeneouscerebraltissue.Tomatchthemultipledimensionsofmentalexperiencepsychologistscouldonlypointtoalimitlessvariationinthespatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulses.

1.

Upuntil1950,effortstoestablishthatbrainprocessesandmentalexperiencearerelatedwouldmostlikelyhavebeenmetwith

[A].vexation.

.irritability.

[C].discouragement

[D].neutrality

2.

Theauthormentions“commoncurrency”primarilyinordertoemphasizethe

[A].lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulsesinhumanbeings.

.similaritiesintheviewsofthescientists.

[C].similarityofsensationsofhumanbeings.

[D].continuouspassageofnerveimpulsesthroughthenervoussystem.

3.

Whichofthefollowingtheoriesisreinforcedbythedepictionoftheexperimentinlines16—19?

[A].Cognitiveexperiencemanifestedbysensorynerveimpulsesareinfluencedbytheareaofthebrainstimulated.

.Qualitativediversityinnervepotentialscannowbestudiedmoreaccurately.

[C].Sensorystimuliareheterogeneousandaregreatlyinfluencedbythenervesensorstheyproduce.

[D].Differentiationinneuralmodalitiesinfluencesthelengthofnervetransmissions.

4.

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingexhibittheLEASTqualitativevariation?

[A].Nervecells.

.Nerveimpulses.

[C].Corticalareas.

[C].Spatialpatternsofnerveimpulses.

Vocabulary

1.

mentalexperiences

精神感受

2.

discharge

释放

3.

negligible

微小的，可以忽视不计的

4.

manifold

多种多样的，多方面

5.

neuron

神经元/细胞

6.

neural

（中枢）神经的（系统）

7.

qualitativediversity

质的多样性，量变的

8.

disprove

反对，反证

9.

homogeneous

相像的

10.

sensorynerve

感觉神经

11.

cortical

外皮的，皮质的

12.

cerebralcortex

大脑皮层

13.

locus

地点，区域

14.

psychoneural

精神神经

15.

heterogeneous

异源的，异种的，异体的

16.

spatiotenporal

时空的

难句译注

1.

Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience.

[结构分析]句型为such…as可as具有关系代词作用，此处作从句中hadbeendemonstrated的主语。

[参考译文]神经细胞中所显示的诸如在尺寸，外形，化学，神经脉冲中传导速度，激发界限等方面的那种变化差异对多方面的精神感受可能有联系来说照旧意义不大。

2.

Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.

[参考译文]有可能用其他方法来显示神经类型之间微小的结构差异。可是，缺乏证据证明脉冲的或者其脉冲传导的质量受这些差别的影响。相反，这种质量看起来它却影响了中枢神经循环的进展模式。

3.

Inoneexperiment,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationfromthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationfromtheauditorycortex,andsoon.

[结构分析]主从句。后面跟解释性同位语：thatis……。

[参考译文]在一个试验中，当电刺激作用于有意识的人体大脑皮层的某个感觉部位，它对这个特定部位产生一种恰如其分的感觉道，也就是说，视觉来自视觉皮层，听觉来自听皮层，以此类推。

4.

Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasforaspsychoneuralcorrelationswere