Unit3GoingplacesGrammar单元语法课件九年级英语下册（牛津上海版）

牛津上海版九年级下Module2RecreationandentertainmentUnit3GoingplacesGrammar单元语法行业PPT模板http:///hangye/过去完成时过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past）”。构成：过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成，其中had通用于各种人称。Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.Shehadfinishedwritingthecompositionby10：00thismorning.行业PPT模板http:///hangye/判断依据1.由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1）

by+过去的时间点。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.（2）

bytheendof+过去的时间点。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.（3）

before+过去的时间点。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.行业PPT模板http:///hangye/判断依据2.由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（1）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：

Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.行业PPT模板http:///hangye/判断依据（2）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：

WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.

Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.行业PPT模板http:///hangye/判断依据（3）表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.

3.根据上、下文来判定。

ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.行业PPT模板http:///hangye/主要用法1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如：WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）行业PPT模板http:///hangye/主要用法2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：

Hetoldmethathehadwrittenanewbook.(hadwritten发生在told之前)行业PPT模板http:///hangye/主要用法3.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already，yet，still，just，before，never等时间副词及by，before，until等引导的短语或从句连用。如：BeforeshecametoChina,GracehadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.

Peterhadcollectedmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasten.行业PPT模板http:///hangye/主要用法4.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如：Bytheendoflastyear,hehadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.（hadworked已有了20年，还有继续进行下去的可能）行业PPT模板http:///hangye/主要用法5.过去完成时也用于hardly...when...（刚…就…）,nosooner...than...（刚…就…）,Itwasthefirsttime+that等一些固定句型中。Hehadnosoonerlefttheroomthantheybegantotalkabouthim.他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。Wehadhardlybegunwhenweweretoldtostop.我们刚开始就被叫停。Itwasthefirsttimethathehadeverspokentomeinsuchatune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。AActionsbeforeatimeinthepastWeusethepastperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedbeforeacertaintimeinthepast.Weformthepastperfecttensewithhad+thepastparticipleoftheverb.AActionsbeforeatimeinthepastThetableontherightshowswhatsomeofthetouristsdidyesterdayafternoonaftertheyarrivedattheirhotel.Useinformationfromthetabletocompletetheconversation.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou. AActionsbeforeatimeinthepastThetableontherightshowswhatsomeofthetouristsdidyesterdayafternoonaftertheyarrivedattheirhotel.Useinformationfromthetabletocompletetheconversation.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou. SimonIsupposeallthetouristsrestedwhentheygottotheirhotel.DeniseNotatall.Theywereverybusy.Bythreeo'clock,Elsa_________andVictor________.MatandChris_________,andNina_________.

SimonWhataboutBoris,JanandHenry?DeniseByfouro'clock,Boris_________,Jan_________,andHenry_________SimonWhataboutMariaandDean?Hadtheydoneanything?DeniseYes,theyhadbeenbusyaswell.Maria_________,andDean_________byfourthirty.AActionsbeforeatimeinthepastCompletethissentencebywritingaboutfourthingsyouhaddonebeforeyouwenttobedlastnight.Bynineo'clocklastnight,I_________,_________,_________and_________.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastWhenwetalkabouttwoactionsinthepast,weusethepastperfecttensefortheearlieraction,andthesimplepasttenseforthelateraction.justandalreadyWeoftenusejustandalreadywiththepastperfecttensefortheearlieractioninthepast.Victorputdownthetelephone.Hehadjustphonedhome.Elsadriedherhair.Shehadalreadywashedit.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastThesentencesbelowareaboutlateractions.UseinformationfromthetableinA1toaddsentencesaboutearlieractions.Usejustoralready.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.1Ninadidnotfeelthirsty.(just)Shehadjusthadsometea.2Henrycameoutofthebank.(just)3Deanboughtsomedrinks.(already)4Mariafeltrelaxed.(just)5Boriswenttogetsomestamps.(already)BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastbeforeandafterThereisnodifferenceinmeaningbetweenthetwosentencesabove.However,thewomanwantstoemphasizethatsheatebreakfastfirst,sosheusedthepastperfecttensehadeaten.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastbeforeandafterThemanwantstoemphasizethathehadawalkfirst,soheusedthepastperfecttensehadhad.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastReadtheconversationbetweentwotouristsandunderlinetheverbsforearlieractionsintheresponses.Thenemphasizewhathappenedfirstbyusingtheverbsinthepastperfecttense.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.T1Didyougoshoppingbeforedinner?T2No.Wewentshoppingafterwefinisheddinner.No.Wewentshoppingafterwehadfinisheddinner.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastReadtheconversationbetweentwotouristsandunderlinetheverbsforearlieractionsintheresponses.Thenemphasizewhathappenedfirstbyusingtheverbsinthepastperfecttense.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.T1Didyougobacktothehotellater?T2Yes,butbeforewewentback,wedidallourshopping.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastReadtheconversationbetweentwotouristsandunderlinetheverbsforearlieractionsintheresponses.Thenemphasizewhathappenedfirstbyusingtheverbsinthepastperfecttense.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.T1DidyouseetheSunrisefromEastPeak?T2No.Unfortunately,itrosebeforewereachedthetop.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastReadtheconversationbetweentwotouristsandunderlinetheverbsforearlieractionsintheresponses.Thenemphasizewhathappenedfirstbyusingtheverbsinthepastperfecttense.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.T1WhatwasthesunsetlikeatBlueBay?T2Great!Itsetafewminutesafterwearrivedthere.BEarlier