新课标2024高考英语二轮复习专题练习15阅读理解2

PAGEPAGE1专题练习十五阅读理解2A(2024·诸暨中学高三期中)Maureenstoodbythelake.Suddenlytheotherchildrencamerunningthroughthetreeswithsharpcriesofexcitement.Theyrusheduptothelake,leaningovertheclearwater,watchingthecrowdsoftinyfish.Somechildrendemandedloudlytogototheboats,butallatoncethosewhohadbeenleftbehindattheice­creamstall(小摊)camerunninguptomakesomeannouncementorother,andtheyallleftthewateranddashedbackthewaytheyhadcome.Withgrowingexcitement,Maureenranafterthem.Whenshesawwhathadbeenrunfor,shestoppedrunning.Theywerebuyingthingsagain.Thetoystallwasopenandtheywerecrowdingaroundit.Behindthestallamiddle­agedwomanwassellingagreatvarietyofsmallrubbish.Shetookmoneyfromtheforestofsmallhandsinexchangeforlittleboats,plasticdolls,yellowpencilsandrubbers,oranything.Maureenleanedagainstatree,lookingon.Theideaofspendingwashedagainstherfacelikeastrongcurrent,tryingtodrawherin.NonaParkerpushedouttotheedgeofthegroupandlaidwhatshehadboughtonthegroundsothatshecouldseewhatmoneyshehadleftinherwhitepurse.UnderMaureen'seyeslayaboat,amouthorgan,andlittleplatesofdoll'sfoodincolouredplaster—abrownloadofbread,ajointofbeef,apinkpudding—alltinyandterriblydesirable.Maureenwassofullofthewishforthethingslikethatthatshecouldn'tbeartolookatthem.Sheturnedherheadsharply.Herfaceagainstthetree,sheshuthereyesandprayedeagerlyforsomemoney,forthepriceofasetoftoyplates.Inamoment,sheopenedhereyes,butshedidn'tturnbacktothestall.Itwastoopainfultoseetheothersbuyingwhatevertheywanted.Sherubbedalmostroundthetree,hereyesontheground.Andthereunderherfeetwasaten­pencepiece.本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述的是Maureen看到其他孩子买东西而自己没钱买时的苦痛。1．Whydidchildrendashbackonhearingsomeannouncement?A．Towatchtinyfish.B．Tobuynewtoys.C．Tocollectvariousrubbish.D．Toseeamiddle­agedwoman.答案：B解析：推理推断题。依据其次段中“Whenshesawwhathadbeenrunfor,shestoppedrunning.Theywerebuyingthingsagain.Thetoystallwasopenandtheywerecrowdingaroundit.”可知，孩子们一听到通知就连忙跑回来是因为他们要买新玩具。故选B。2．Maureenstoppedrunningaftertheotherchildrenbecauseshe________.A．wastooshytopushherwayinB．thoughttheotherchildrenwererichC．knewthestallwassellingrubbishD．couldn'taffordtobuyanything答案：D解析：推理推断题。依据第三段中“Maureenwassofullofthewishforthethingslikethatthatshecouldn'tbeartolookatthem.Sheturnedherheadsharply.Herfaceagainstthetree,sheshuthereyesandprayedeagerlyforsomemoney,forthepriceofasetoftoyplates.”可知，Maureen不再追逐其他孩子了，因为她买不起任何东西。故选D。3．Maureen'sstrongdesirefortheplatesofdoll'sfoodgrewwhen________.A．shehappenedtoseewhatNonahadboughtB．NonacheckedherremainingmoneyC．shesawotherchildrenbuyingthingsfreelyD．Nonawaspushedtotheedgeofthegroup答案：A解析：推理推断题。依据第三段中“UnderMaureen'seyeslayaboat,amouthorgan,andlittleplatesofdoll'sfoodincolouredplaster—abrownloadofbread,ajointofbeef,apinkpudding—alltinyandterriblydesirable.Maureenwassofullofthewishforthethingslikethatthatshecouldn'tbeartolookatthem.”可知，Maureen看到Nona买了什么东西，对那一盘多彩的食物产生了剧烈的欲望。故选A。4．Seeingtheothersbuyingsomanywonderfulthings,Maureenfelt________.A．thrilledB．helplessC．curiousD．annoyed答案：B解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段中“Inamoment,sheopenedhereyes,butshedidn'tturnbacktothestall.Itwastoopainfultoseetheothersbuyingwhatevertheywanted.”可知，看到其他人买了这么多好东西，Maureen感到很无助。故选B。B(2024·昆明市高三质检)Five­year­oldPrisillaPerez,astudentatMeadorElementarySchoolinWillis,wasunhappywithherrecenthaircut,whichresultedfromaseveredisease.WhenstudentsinherclassstartedcallingPrisillaaboy,shefeltashamed,oftencryingandlosingfocusinschool.Herteacher,ShannonGrimm,sympathizedwithherunhappiness.GrimmandPrisilla'smomwereconcerned,buttheirideasdidn'twork.“Wehadclassroomdiscussionsabouthowgirlshaveshorthairandboyshavelonghair,andIshowedthemphotosofmoviestarswithdifferentlooks，”Grimmsaid.“However,itwasn'tsinkingin.”GrimmthoughtaboutPrisillathroughoutwinterbreak,andonemorning,shehadanidea:Cutoffherhair—ascarythoughtforGrimm,whoworeherhairlongandtookprideinit.“I'veneverhadshorthair,andIstressedaboutitfortwoweeksbeforemakingadecision，”shesaid.OnJan.4,Grimminvitedahairstylistfriendtoherhome.“Itoldhimtokeepgoing,evenifIcried，”shesaid.Theclasslovedtheirteacher'snewdo,especiallyPrisilla,whoexcitedlyranofftheschoolbusthatafternoonyelling,“Mom,MsGrimmcutherhair！”Theteacheralsoboughtmatchingbowsforherselfandthegirl,sotheycouldstyletheirhairtogether.InFebruary,theteacherrecommendedPrisillafortheschooldistrict'sStudentoftheMonthAward,butduringtheMondayceremony,shereceivedasurprise“heromedal”fromthegirl.“Nowwehavematchingawards，”saysGrimm.Prisilla'smother,Maria,saidthatGrimm'sthoughtfulnessbroughthertotears.“Iwasshocked.Iwascrying.Icouldn'tbelieveit—shedidsomethingIwouldn'thavethebraverytodo.Iwillneverforgetthat.”本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲解并描述因为疾病，PrisillaPerez不得不剪头发，为此班上同学起先讪笑她，让她很抑郁，为此Grimm老师做了许多事情，但是都没能奏效，最终她想出了一个方法：自己也剪掉头发，没想到这一方法很奏效。1．WhywasPrisillaunhappyatschool?A．Shewasn'tsatisfiedwithherteacher.B．Shecouldn'tconcentrateinclass.C．Shewaslaughedatbyherclassmates.D．Shecouldn'tgetonwellwithothers.答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Five­year­oldPrisillaPerez,astudentatMeadorElementarySchoolinWillis,wasunhappywithherrecenthaircut,whichresultedfromaseveredisease.WhenstudentsinherclassstartedcallingPrisillaaboy,shefeltashamed,oftencryingandlosingfocusinschool.”可知，因为疾病，PrisillaPerez不得不剪头发，为此班上同学叫她男孩，她感到羞愧，故可知，她因为发型被同学讪笑，故选C。2．WhatmadeGrimmhaveherownhaircut?A．Praisefromherstudents.B．Devotiontoherstudents.C．RequestofPrisilla'smother.D．Suggestionfromthehairstylist.答案：B解析：推理推断题。依据第四段“Theclasslovedtheirteacher'snewdo,especiallyPrisilla,whoexcitedlyranofftheschoolbusthatafternoonyelling,‘Mom,MsGrimmcutherhair！’”可知，整个班级都喜爱老师的新发型，特殊是Prisilla，在下午放学下校车之后，急着告知妈妈，老师剪了她的头发，故可知，Grim这么做是为了帮助Prisilla渡过难关，体现了对学生的爱，故选B。3．WhatcanweknowaboutGrimm?A．ShehadherhaircuttogetherwithPrisilla.B．Sheexpressedhersincerethankstoherpupils.C．Shehesitatedalotbeforehavingherhaircut.D．Shewonagoldmedalforfacingdifficultiesbravely.答案：C解析：推理推断题。依据第三段“Cutoffherhair—ascarythoughtforGrimm,whoworeherhairlongandtookprideinit.‘I'veneverhadshorthair,andIstressedaboutitfortwoweeksbeforemakingadecision，’”可知，她突然有一个可怕的想法，就是剪掉她引以为豪的长发，并且在做这一确定之前，连续强调了两周，故可知她迟疑了很久，故选C。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．HowGrimmhelpedherstudentout.B．WhatproblemPrisillahadatschool.C．WhyPrisillawontheMonthAward.D．WhenGrimmgothernewhairstyle.答案：A解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲解并描述因为疾病，PrisillaPerez不得不剪头发，为此班上同学起先讪笑她，让她很抑郁，为此Grimm老师做了许多事情，但都没能奏效，最终她想出了一个方法：自己也剪掉头发。没想到这一方法很奏效，故可知，本文的主题是关于老师帮助学生渡过难关，故选A。C(2024·咸阳市模拟检测三)Kindergartenoutside?Yes，indeed.It'spartofagrowingworldwidetrendtowardoutdooreducation.TheschoolsarecalledForestKindergartens.NowthenumbersaresmallintheUS，buttheideaiswellestablishedinEurope,withschoolsinScotland,England,andSwitzerland.ByfarmostofsuchschoolsareinGermany,whichhasmorethan400Waldkindergartens.Childrenattendingsuchparticularschoolenjoyagoodamountofoutdooreducationeachday，rainorshine.Somelessonsarefocusedonnature;othersareacademictopicsdeliveredinanaturalsetting.Inallcases，studentsareactive—notsittingatdesksoronmatsonthefloorbutwalking,running,jumping,solvingproblemslikehowtogetthemudoffthebottomsoftheirshoesbeforetheirparentsfindout.Attheseforestkindergartens,studentslearnsciencebyobservinganddoingit,learnmathbyapplyingittothenaturalworldaroundthem，learnlettersandwordsbyputtingthemtogetherusingsightsandsounds.Thechildrenlearntomakecomparisonsusingnaturalthingslikeapplesandrocks.Theydevelopanappreciationforanimalsandplantsintheirnaturalenvironment—notjustbylookingatpicturesinabookoronacomputerscreen.Someofthescienceactivitiesinvolveteamwork,likeexplainingthebestwaytomoveaheavyobject,showinghowalever(杠杆)works.Inothersessions,teachersencouragestudentstodeveloptheirmotorskillsbybuildingwoodentoolssuchashammersandknives.Thesestudentsalsolearnhowtogetalongwithoneanother,individuallyandinagroup.Theyalsodevelophealthylevelsofself­confidence，justfrombeingabletodotheeverydayactivitiesthattheschooloffers.Inatimewhensomanychildrenarebeingclassifiedasobesebecauseoflongtimewatchingtelevisionandplayingvideogames,theseoutdoorschoolshelpchildrenlearnjustasmuch,ifnotmore，fromopeningtheireyestotheworldaroundthem.这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以户外教化为主的森林幼儿园的学习方式以及主动意义。1．WhichofthefollowingcountryhasthemostForestKindergartens?A．TheUS. B．Germany.C．TheUK. D．Switzerland答案：B解析：细微环节理解题。答案定位在其次段“ByfarmostofsuchschoolsareinGermany,whichhasmorethan400Waldkindergartens.”可知，德国拥有的森林幼儿园最多，故选B。2．Whatisthepurposeofthefourthparagraph?A．Toanalysehowchildrenlearnsocially.B．Tocomparedifferentteachingapproaches.C．Toshowhowchildrenlearnacademically.D．Todescribehowactivechildrenareintheclass.答案：C解析：推理推断题。第四段的意思是在这些森林幼儿园里，学生通过视察和动手做来学习科学，通过把数学运用到四周的自然世界来学习数学，通过视觉和声音来学习字母和词汇。孩子们学会用苹果和石头等自然的东西进行比较。他们培育了对自然环境中的动植物的观赏实力，而不仅仅是通过看书或电脑屏幕上的图片。由此推断出第四段的目的是展示孩子们如何学习，故选C。3．WhichmaybeseeninForestKindergartens?A．Childrenaredoinganexperimentwithchemicals.B．Teachersarewritingsomethingontheblackboard.C．Smartphonesarewidelyusedtohelpchildrenlearn.D．Everythinginnatureislikelytobeappliedtoteaching.答案：D解析：推理推断题。答案定位在第三段“Childrenattendingsuchparticularschoolenjoyagoodamountofoutdooreducationeachday,rainorshine.Somelessonsarefocusedonnature;othersareacademictopicsdeliveredinanaturalsetting.”(在这样一所特殊学校上学的孩子们，无论晴雨，每天都能享受到大量的户外教化。一些课程的重点是自然；其他的一些学术科目在自然环境中教授。)由此推断出在森林幼儿园中，自然界的一切都可能应用于教学，故选D。4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoForestKindergartens?A．Negative. B．Doubtful.C．Positive. D．Uncertain.答案：C解析：推理推断题。答案定位在最终一段“Inatimewhensomanychildrenarebeingclassifiedasobesebecauseoflongtimewatchingtelevisionandplayingvideogames,theseoutdoorschoolshelpchildrenlearnjustasmuch,ifnotmore，fromopeningtheireyestotheworldaroundthem.”(许多孩子肥胖是因为长时间看电视和玩电脑嬉戏，这些户外学校也能帮助孩子们学到同样多的东西，至少，帮助他们拓宽了视野。)由此推断出，作者对森林幼儿园持确定看法。A.Negative.否定的；B.Doubtful.怀疑的；C.Positive.确定的；D.Uncertain.不确定的。故选C。D(2024·武邑中学模拟)Itsoundsalmosttoogoodtobetrue,butanewstudyonsleepingbrainssuggeststhatlisteningtolanguageswhileyousleepcanactuallyhelpyoutolearnthem.Forthestudy,researchersplayedrecordingsofforeignwordsandtheirtranslationstosubjectsenjoyingslow­wavesleep,astagewhenapersonhaslittleconsciousnessoftheirenvironment.Toensurethattheresultswerenotcompromisedbyforeignlanguagewordsthatsubjectsmayhavehadsomecontactwithatsomepointintheirwakinglives,researchersmadeuptotallynonexistentforeignwords.Whenthesubjectswokeup,theywerepresentedwiththemade­upwordsagainwithouttheirtranslations.Thesubjectswerethenaskedtoimaginewhetherthismade­upwordindicatedanobjectthatwaseithersmallerorlarger.Thisvague(模糊的)wayoftestingtheirunderstandingofthewordsisanapproachthatissupposedtotapintotheunconsciousmemory.Unbelievably,thesubjectswereabletocorrectlyclassifythewordsinthiswayatanaccuracyratethatwas10percenthigherthanrandomchance.That'snotaratehighenoughtohavethemsuddenlycommunicatinginaforeigntongue,butitisenoughtosuggestthatthebrainisstillabsorbinginformationonsomelevel,evenduringsleep.Researchershavelongknownthatsleepisimportantformemory,butpreviouslyitsroleinmemorywasthoughttorelateonlytothepreservationandorganizationofmemoriesacquiredduringwakefulness.Thisisthefirsttimethatmemoryformationhasbeenshowntobeactiveduringsleep.Inotherwords,ourbrainsarelisteningtotheworld,andlearningaboutit,evenwhenourconsciousselvesarenotpresent.Thenextstepforresearcherswillbetoseeifnewinformationcanbelearnedquickerduringwakefulnessifitwasalreadypresentedduringsleep.Ifso,itcouldforeverchangehowwetrainourbrainstolearnnewthings.Sleeplearningmightbecomeawidespreadpractice.本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的科学探讨，探讨发觉在睡眠中人脑的记忆功能仍发挥着作用，他们会在潜意识中记住在睡眠中听到的语言。1．Whydidresearchersusesomemade­upwordsinthestudy?A．Toguaranteetheaccuracyofthetestresult.B．Toincreasethedifficultyoftestinginformation.C．Toavoidthesubjectscheatingintheexperiment.D．Totestifourbrainaregoodatlearningsomethingnew.答案：A解析：推理推断题。依据其次段中的其次句“Toensurethattheresultswerenotcompromisedbyforeignlanguagewordsthatsubjectsmayhavehadsomecontactwithatsomepointintheirwakinglives，researchersmadeuptotallynonexistentforeignwords.”可知，探讨人员运用虚构的词为的是让受试者不被所接触过的外语词汇影响，也就是为了保证明验结果的精确性。2．Whatwerethesubjectsaskedtodointhestudy?A．Classifywhattheyheardbysize.B．Makeupawordtorepresent“large”or“small”．C．Repeatthewordstheyheardinthesleep.D．Imaginethemeaningsofthemade­upwords.答案：A解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段其次句“Thesubjectswerethenaskedtoimaginewhetherthismade­upwordindicatedanobjectthatwaseithersmallerorlarger.”可知，这些受测试者在试验中要求去想象这些虚构的词所代表的物体是大还是小。故选A。3．Whatconclusiondidresearchersdrawfromthisstudy?A．Sleepisnecessaryforagoodmemory.B．Memoryformationgoesonduringsleep.C．Listeningduringsleepisgoodforourbrain.D．Learninglanguagesinsleephasbettereffects.答案：B解析：细微环节理解题。依据倒数第三段最终一句“Thisisthefirsttimethatmemoryformationhasbeenshowntobeactiveduringsleep.”可知，试验表明在睡眠期间记忆力仍旧在形成。故选B。4．Whatwillbetheresearchers'nextplan?A．Totrainpeoplehowtolearnduringsleep.B．Toprovetheexistenceofunconsciousmemory.C．Todigoutthereasonforunconsciouslearning.D．Tostudytheeffectofsleeplearningonconsciouslearning.答案：D解析：推理推断题。依据文章末段第一句“Thenextstepforresearcherswillbetoseeifnewinformationcanbelearnedquickerduringwakefulnessifitwasalreadypresentedduringsleep.”可知，探讨人员下一步要做的是测试潜意识中的学习是否能够提高醒悟时的学习效率。故选D。E(2024·聊城市模拟)Therewasalotofnewsrelatedtoartificialintelligence,orAI,andmachinelearning.Amongthestoriesweretwodealingwithdirectcompetitionsbetweenhumansandmachines.Inonecompetition,machinesthatusedAIperformedbetterthanhumanbeingsinahigh­levelreadingtest.Twonaturallanguageprocessingtoolsbeathumanintheexperiment.OneofthetoolswasbuiltbytheAmericantechnologycompanyMicrosoft.TheotherwascreatedbyChineseonlinesellerAlibabaGroup.Inanothercompetition,acomputertookonhumansinlive,publicdebates.TheeventdemonstratedhowAI­poweredcomputersareincreasinglybeingdevelopedtothinkandsoundlikehumans.Theorganizerofthedebates,UStechnologycompanyIBM,announcedsplitresults.Itsaidamajorityofthosewatchingsaidtheyfeltthemachinehaddonemoretoimprovetheirknowledgeofthesubject.But,thehumangotmorepraiseforcommunicatingtheirideas.Thisyear,wealsoexploredthemanywaysAIandmachinelearningarenowbeingused.Forexample,someUSjudgesusemachinelearningsystemstohelpthemdecidewhen,andforhowlong,criminalsshouldbejailed.Thesystemusescomputerstoexaminedatafromthousandsofcourtcases.Onefast­growingareaofAIisfacialrecognition,whichisincreasinglybeingusedforsecuritypurposes.Recently,Atlanta'sHartsfield­JacksonairportbecamethefirstintheUStopermitpassengerstousefacialrecognitiontechnologytogetonflights.AChinesecompanyshowedoffanAIsystemitdevelopedtorecognizeindividualsbybodyshapeandwalkingmovements.ThesystemisalreadybeingusedbyChinesepoliceinBeijingandShanghai.Inaddition,machinelearningwasusedduring2024topredictresultsoftheWorldCupsoccercompetition.Thetechnologyalsocreatedartworkthatsoldforalargeamountofmoney.Anditisbeingusedtohelpfarmerssavetimeandmoney,whilereducingenvironment­harmingchemicals.Othertechnologysystemsarebeingusedtofollowfarmanimalsandwildlifetocollectinformationontheiractivities.这是一篇说明文。人工智能和机器学习快速发展，机器在一些竞赛中超过了人类。除此以外，机器和人工智能被应用于许多领域。1．Whywerethetwocompetitionsmentionedinthepassage?A．ToshowhowmuchbetterAIandmachinelearningarethanhumans.B．ToproveAIandmachinelearninggotmorepraiseforcommunication.C．ToshowhowpowerfulAIandmachinelearningare.D．ToproveAIandmachinelearninghavebeenusedintheworkofUSjudges.答案：C解析：推理推断题。依据其次、三段可知在第一场竞赛中，运用人工智能的机器表现得比人类更好；在其次场竞赛中，机器人在公开辩论中挑战人类，结果大多数观看者认为机器在提高他们对这门学科的学问方面做得更好。这两个竞赛都体现了人工智能和机器学习的强大，选C。2．Whatarefacialandbodyrecognitionsystemsusedforinthepassage?A．Knowledgelearning. B．Safetycontrol.C．Officeautomation. D．Trackingsurvey.答案：B解析：细微环节理解题。依据“Onefast­growingareaofAIisfacialrecognition,whichisincreasinglybeingusedforsecuritypurposes.”可知，人工智能的一个快速发展的领域是面部识别，它越来越多地被用于平安目的。故选B。3．Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A．AIhasbeenwidelyusedineveryperson'sdailylife.B．HumancanbereplacedbyAIinfuturecompletely.C．MoreattentionisbeingpaidtoAIineverypartoftheworld.D．MoreadvancedAIishelpingpeopleinmoreandmoreareas.答案：D解析：推理推断题。依据“someUSjudgesusemachinelearningsystemstohelpthemdecidewhen，”可知，一些美国法官运用机器学习系统来帮助他们确定罪犯应当被监禁的时间和期限，再依据最终两段可知机器学习和人工智能还被应用于平安监控和预料世界杯足球赛的结果，爱护环境等。依据这些可以推断机器在越来越多的领域帮助着人类，故选D。4．Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A．Atechnologyreport. B．Anaturalsciencemagazine.C．Asciencefiction. D．Agovernmentdocument.答案：A解析：推理推断题。本文主要是关于人工智能和机器学习的，最有可能是来自于科技报告(Atechnologyreport.)，故选A。F(2024·石嘴山三中第三次模拟)Theworldisfilledwithsmart,talented,educatedandgiftedpeople.Wemeetthemeveryday.Afewdaysago,mycarwasnotrunningwell.Ipulleditintoagarageandtheyoungmechanichaditfixedinjustafewminutes.Heknewwhatwaswrongbysimplylisteningtotheengine.Iwasamazed.Thesadtruthis,greattalentisnotenough.Iamconstantlyshockedathowlittletalentedpeopleearn.Iheardtheotherdaythatlessthan5percentofAmericansearnmorethan$100,000ayear.Abusinessconsultantwhospecializesinthemedicaltradewastellingmehowmanydoctorsanddentistsstrugglefinancially.Itwasthisbusinessconsultantwhogavemethephrase,“Theyareoneskillawayfromgreatwealth.”Thereisanoldsayingthatgoes,“Jobmeans‘justoverbroke’．”Andunfortunately,Iwouldsaythatthesayingappliestomillionsofpeople.Becauseschooldoesnotthinkfinancialintelligenceisintelligence,mostworkers“livewithintheirmeans”.Theyworkandtheypaythebills.Ins