Unit3TheInternetDiscoveringUsefulStructures现在完成时的被动语态讲义-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版

现在完成时的被动语态回顾：现在完成时：（Presentperfectpassive）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者过去开始的动作一直持续到现在。基本形式：主语+have/has+过去分词常用的时间状语：already已经,yet尚（未），还，仍；更；迄今为止,just刚才；仅仅，只是；正好；刚要,never从不；决不,ever在任何时候；曾经；一向，永远；不断地；究竟,sofar到目前为止,uptonow到目前为止；至今；迄今,for+时间段，since+时间点，bynow到如今；到目前为止,tillnow到现在为止，迄今等等...一、基本结构:主语+have/hasbeendone二、基本用法：一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续至今，并可能延续下去。三、形式：句式形式肯定句主语+have/hasbeendone+其他.否定句主语+have/hasnotbeendone+其他.一般疑问句Have/Has+主语+beendone+其他?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+beendone+其他?例：1）A90yearoldhasbeenawarded"WomanOfTheYear"forbeingBritain'soldestfulltimeemployee–stillworking40hoursaweek.一位90岁的老人被授予“年度女性“称号，因为她是英国年龄最大的全职员工———仍然每周工作40小时。2）Theyhaven'tbeentoldtheexcitingnewsyet,havethey?还没有人告诉他们这个令人激动的消息，是吗?3）—Hasherworkbeenfinished?她的工作完成了吗?Yes,ithas.是的,完成了。4）Howlonghasthemachinebeenused?这台机器使用多久了?用法：1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，且动作与主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，即主语是动作的承受者。常与时间状语already,yet(否定句,疑问句),just,ever,recently,lately,sincethen其后，从此一直,eversince从那时到现在；自从；自…以后；从…起.Eg:Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetwillputoff.有人告诉我，运动会将会推迟（结果）Eg:Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeendone,andwe'rereadytostart.这项任务的所有准备工作已经完成，我们准备开始了。（影响）2.表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始，持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。常与for+一段时间或since+时间点等时间状语连用。sofar,uptonow,tillnow,untilnow,bynow,thesedays,overtime,inrecentyears,in/over/during/forthelast/pastyears.Eg:Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.这台机器已经修理了两个小时了（持续）3.在时间或条件状语从句中，常用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。Eg:Iwillgohomewhenmyhomeworkhasbeenfinished.家庭作业完成后我就回家。（将来某时处于被完成的状态）Eg:Youshouldn'tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.你不应该在家庭作业完成之前就离开学校。五、现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别动作发生的时间对现在有无影响现在完成时的被动语态过去有一般过去时的被动语态过去无Eg:Thelibrarywasbuiltlastyear.去年修好了(与现在无关)Eg:Thelibraryhasbeenbuilt.修好了(与现在有关)【注意一】主动语态变被动语态注意事项1.短语动词的被动语态：主动语态中的谓语动词是短语动词时，变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。1）Theytakegoodcareofthechildrenatschool.→Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofatschool.孩子们在学校受到很好的照顾。2）Youshouldn'tlaughatdisabledpeople.→Disabledpeopleshouldn'tbelaughedat.残疾人不应该被嘲笑。2.带双宾语的动词，变为被动语态时可以有两种方法：(1)把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来。(2)把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to或for引起的状语。用to还是for,根据动词的搭配：一般动词give,pass,show,send,bring要加介词to;动词buy,make,cook,mend要加介词for。1）Hegavehersomemoney.他给她一些钱。→Shewasgivensomemoney./Somemoneywasgiventohim.2）Heboughtherawatch.他给她买了一块表。→Shewasboughtawatch./Awatchwasboughtforher.3.带有复合宾语的句子，变成被动语态时宾补相应变为主补：(1)在感官动词(hear,see,watch,feel,notice等)和使役动词(let,makehave等)在主动语态中后接不带to的动词不定式作宾补，但是改为被动语态时，要加上to，作主补。(2)如果主动语态中doing或todo作宾补时，变为被动时仍然用doing或todo的形式。1）Weoftenseehimgoforawalkbytheriver.→Heisoftenseentogoforawalkbytheriver.我们经常看到他在河边散散步2）Theymadetheboyswork12hoursaday.→Theboysweremadetowork12hoursaday.他们让孩子们每天工作12个小时3）Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.→Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.就在那一刻，我看见他在踢足球4）Ourteachertoldustocleantheroomatonce.→Weweretoldtocleantheroomatonce.老师告诉我们马上打扫房间【注意二】使用被动语态时注意的几个方面不用被动语态的情况1.系动词look,feel,sound,smell,taste,seem,appear,go,prove,turn等与形容词连用时。1）Icefeelscold.冰摸上去凉。2）Yourbedroomsmeltsoterrible.你的卧室气味难闻。3）Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.这项计划证明是符合实际的。2.表示开始、结束、运动的词begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,shut等。1）Workbeganat7o'clockthismorning.上午七点开始工作。2）Theshopclosesat6p.meveryday.这家店铺每天下午6点关门。3.表示主语的某种属性的词read,write,act,cut,play,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,look,shut等，通常和副词well,easily,smoothly,badly,nicely等连用。其否定形式通常用won’t,表示拒绝。1）Thebookssellwell这些书很畅销。2）Yourpenwritessmoothly.你的笔书写起来很流畅。3）Thisknifecutswell.这把刀子很快。4）Thiscoatdrieseasily.这种外衣容易干。5）Therecorderwon'tplay.这录音机不转了。6）Thedoorwon'tlock/open.门锁不上/打不开。get型被动语态：get+done表被动意义，相当于be+done1）Hegotpaidbythemonth.他是按月领薪水的。2）Hefellandgothurt.他摔倒受伤了。3）Theygotmarriedlastweek.他们上周结婚了。4）Hiscargotdamagedinaroadaccident.他的车在交通事故中被毁了。It+be+过去分词+从句1）Itissaidthatsheknowsthreelanguages.(=Sheissaidtoknowthreelanguages.)据说她懂三种语言。2）ItisreportedthattheAmericanpresidentwillvisitChinanextweek.(=TheAmericanpresidentisreportedtovisitChinanextweek.)据报道美国总统下周要访华。常见的没有被动语态的动词及短语：spread,happen,occur(发生),takeplace,breakout,belongto,etrue,comeintobeing,eout(出版),eup(被提出),consistof(由……组成),giveout(用完,耗尽,runout(用完),turnout(证明是),turnup(出现),workout(产生,结果),datefrom/backto(追溯到)等。六、补充：1.由finish,buy,start,begin,past,return,borrow,marry,open,join等非延续性动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，例如for+一段时间，howlong.若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态.(1)转化非延续形容词，与表示一段时间的状语连用.borrowkeep,buyhave,putonwear,gettosleepsleep.be+形容词/副词/介词/名词.start/beginbeon,gooutbeout.改变时态，不与一段时间的状语连用.但在否定句中，非延续性动词可以与一段时间连用.Eg:Ihaven'tborrowedbooksfromthelibrarysincelastyear.从去年起，我就没有从图书馆借过书2.双宾语动词变被动语态,主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise.(1)间接宾语变被动句主语，保留直接宾语主动句:Myunclehastakenmybrotheraputer.我叔叔给我弟弟带了一台电脑。被动句:Mybrotherhasbeentakenaputerbymyuncle.我哥哥被我叔叔拿走了台电脑。(2)直接宾语变为被动句的主语，间接宾语的前面要加上介词to或for被动句:Aputerhasbeentakentomybrotherbymyuncle.我叔叔把一台电脑带给了我哥哥.3.带复合宾语的动词变被动语态，主语+谓语+宾语+宾补宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。主动句：Ihavetoldhertowaitforyou.我已经叫她等你了。被动句：shehasbeentoldtowaitforyoubyme.我告诉她等你。4.特殊:see,watch,hear,feel等感官动词和have,let,make等使役动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式省略to.但变成被动语态后要还原to，不定式为主语补足语.主动句Theysawtheboygointotheroom.被动句Theboywasseentogointotheroom.5.副词的位置,often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been之间.Eg:Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.这样的人几乎不被人相信。6.不及物动词，没有被动语态。happen,occur,takeplace,（发生）belongto,（属于）breakout,（爆发）cost（花费）,last（持续）但可用主动语态表被动意义.Eg:Lightmusicsoundsbeautiful.轻音乐听起来很美。七、常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：already已经yet仍然；还recently/lately最近sincethen从那时起eversince自那以来ever曾经sofar到目前为止foralongtime很长一段时间bynow到现在为止inrecentyears在最近几年里in/during/over+thepast/lastyears在过去的几年里例：1.Thelockonthedoorhasbeenbroken.门上的锁已经坏了2.Thewindowhasbeenbroken.窗户已经被打破了3.Twolaptopshavebeenstolen.两台笔记本电脑被盗了4.Beakersandtesttubeshavebeendestroyed.烧杯和试管已被销毁5.Thebookcasehasbeenopenedandsomefileshavebeentakenawaywhileothershavebeenthrowneverywhere.书柜被打开，一些文件被拿走，另一些被扔到各处。6.Therobothasbeendamaged.该机器人已被损坏练习一．选择题1.—ItisreportedthatInternationalsearchandrescue(救援)teamshaverushedtoTurkeytohelpforthehugeearthquake.—An82memberChinaSearchandRescueTeamthereaswell.A.sendsB.wassentC.hasbeensentD.hassent2.—Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.Itforweeks.A.hasn'tcleanedB.didn'tcleanC.wasn'tcleanedD.hasn'tbeencleaned3.Twohousesfortheteacherssincetwoyearsago.A.arebuiltB.willbebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.werebuilt4.Manynewthingsinthelasttenyears.A.wereinventedB.willbeinventedC.areinventedD.havebeeninvented5.—Lily,willyougotoJenny'sbirthdaypartythisSaturday?—I'mnotsure,becauseIsofar.A.haveinvitedB.wasn'tinvitedC.haven'tbeeninvitedD.willbeinvited6.Threebooksbytheyoungmaninthepasttwoyears.Allofthemareverypopular.A.havebeenwrittenB.wroteC.werewrittenD.havewritten7.Don’teatthecake.Itinthefridgeformorethanaweek.A.willbekeptB.keepsC.hasbeenkeptD.kept8.—Doyouneedanyhelp?—No,thanks.Wealotofsupportsincelastyear.A.haveofferedB.havebeenofferedC.wereofferedD.wereoffering9.Theriverbywasteproductsfromthefactory.Wecanfindnofishinit.A.haspollutedB.willpolluteC.hasbeenpollutedD.willbepolluted10.Peoplewhotothepartyareveryexcited.A.haveinvitedB.hasbeeninvitedC.willinviteD.havebeeninvited二.将下列主动句变为被动句1.Youcanseethattheyhavenotpaintedthehouseforyears.2.Itissaidthattwothieveshavebrokenintothehouse.3.Havepeoplecriticizedhisviews?4.Hehasnottakenawaythetwobooks.5.Wherehaveyourepairedthemobilephone?6.ThepanyhasbroughtdownthepriceofthecolourTVsetagain.7.MyparentsgavemeatoyatChristmas.8.Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.9.Theysawtheboysmokingacigarette.10.Thebossforcedtheworkerstoworkdayandnight.三.用所给动词的正确时态填空1.Look,whatanoldbridge!Itlookssospecial!Yeah,it(build)fornearly500years.2.Morethan14,000books(collect)sincethelibrary(build)lastmonth.3.Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthat(set)upinmyhometown.4.Howmanyworkers(send)tobuildtherailwayrecently?5.Muchinformation(send)backtotheearthsincethespacemenbegantheirexplorationonthemoon.6.Muchparkingspaceincities(save)byusingsmallcars.7.Thispartofthesea(explore)manytimes.8.Allthepreparationforthetask(do),andwe'rereadytostart.9.I(employ)atthisjobsince1990.10.AkindofnewPC(build)withmorefunctionsrecently.11.IhearJan'slife(improve)bytheInternet.12.Theconstructionofthenewrailwaylines(finish)bytheworkersbynow.13.Noment(make)abouttheonlinedatabasetillnow.14.Agreatmanyfinecars(produce)bythecarfactorysincethetechnologicalrevolution.15.Much(write)aboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWebsincethen.16.Itissaidthatthebook(translate)intoseverallanguages.17.Lookatthewaythepaths(sweep).You'dbetterdoitagain.18.Thechild(take)careofbygrandmaalltheseyears.19.FirstasaPCandthenasalaptop,I(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.20.Sincethe1970smanynewapplications(find)forme.四．句型训练1.Uptonow,morethanonehighrisebuilding

aroundourcity,makingitbigger.

到目前为止,我们城市周围已经建造了不止一座高层建筑,这使城市变得更大。2.Greatdiscoveries

inspaceexplorationinthelastfewdecades.

在过去的几十年里,在太空探索中有了重大的发现。3.WearegladtobetoldthatLiTao

FudanUniversityforhistopscoreintheMathsContest.

我们很开心得知,李涛因为在数学竞赛中得了高分已经被复旦大学录取了。4.Althoughmanymeasures

,theworld'seconomyisstillgoingdown.

尽管已经采取了很多措施,世界经济仍然在下滑。5.Manyahouse

inthepowerfulearthquakeso