初中英语状语从句讲解及典型例题

状语从句在复合句中，用作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意义可以分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句。（1）时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词或短语有：when,while,as,before,after,since,until,assoonas,once,eachtime,nexttime等。When引导的时间状语从句When引导时间状语从句时，意为“当....时”，表示主句的动作与从句的动作同时或先后发生。例：Whenyouaredoingyourhomework,youmustbecareful.Someoneknocked（敲）atthedoorwhenIwassleeping.Whenshefirstsawtherobot,shefeltastonished（惊讶）.WhenTomgothome,heweptwithanger.注意：when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。while引导的时间状语从句while引导的时间状语从句，意为“与...同时；在...期间”例：Theyenteredtheroomwhilewewerediscussingproblems.FatherwascleaningthecarwhileIwasplayingcomputergames.Whenshewasincollege,shefeltinlovewithMike.注意：while引导的时间状语从句中的动词必须为延续性或者表示状态的动词。as引导的时间状语从句as引导的时间状语从句，表达“正当...，一边...一边...”强调主从句动作同时发生。例：IheardtheirvoiceasIcrossthehall（走廊，过道）.Asshesang,thetearsrandownhercheek（脸颊）.AsIwaitedatthestop,Iheardabignoise.before引导的时间状语从句before意为“在...之前”,引导时间状语从句，表示主语的动作在从句前发生。例：Wecleanedtheclassroombeforeweleftschoolyesterday.It’llnotbelongbeforeyouregret（后悔）whatyou’vedone.after引导的时间状语从句after意为“在...之后”,引导时间状语从句，表示主语的动作在从句后发生。例：Hecalledmeafterhehadfinishedhishomework.Sheusuallytakesawalkaftershehasdinner.since引导的时间状语从句Since常意为“自从......”主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。例：EverythinghaschangedsinceIwashere.Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehemovedaway.常用句型：Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since从句，意为“自从....已经多少时间”例：IthasbeenthreeyearssinceImovedtoBeijing.自从我搬到北京已经有两年的时间了。till和until导的时间状语从句Till和until用于肯定句时，主句动词为延续性动词，意为“直达...才”表示“某动作或状态一直持续到某时间点才停止”；用于否定句时，主句动词是非延续性动词。注意：无论用于肯定或否定，从句都为肯定句。例：Iwillstayhereuntilyoucomeback.Hewon’tgotobeduntilshereturns.assoonas引导的时间状语从句assoonas意为“一...就...”表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上发生。例：Assoonasheheardthenews（消息，新闻）,hejumpedwithjoy.他一听说那个消息，就开心地跳了起来。I’llwritetoyouassoonasIgetthere.我一到那儿就给你写信。Hecontacted（联系）usassoonashearrivedinShanghai.他一到上海就和我们取得联系。bythetime引导的时间状语从句bythetime意为“到...时候”，由bythetime引导的时间状语从句要注意时态的变化：一般情况下，如果从句的谓语用一般过去时（did），那么主句的谓语用过去完成时（haddone）。例：Bythetimeyoucameback,Ihadfinishedthisprogram.BythetimeIarrivedatthebusstation,thebushadalreadyleft.（2）原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词主要有：because,as,since,for,nowthat等。because引导的原因状语从句because引导原因状语从句意为“因为”，表因果关系的语气最强，用来回答why的问句，because引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。例：Istayedathome,becauseitrained.Tomdidn’tcometoschool,becauseheisill.Wewonthegame,becausewehavestrongplayers.since引导原因状语从句Since引导原因状语从句表示人们已知的事实，不需强调原因，常译为“既然”。Since引导的从句是次要的，主要强调主句的内容。例：Sincehewasbusy,hedidn’tcome.Sinceyouarefreetoday,whynotplaychesswithme.as引导的原因状语从句as和since的用法差不多，所引出的原因对于说话者看来已经很显然，或已成为听话人所熟悉的，不需要用because加以强调。例：AsMondayistheNationalHoliday（国庆节）,allgovernmentofficeswillbeclosed.IhavetospeakEnglishwiththemastheydon’tknowanyChinese.for引导的原因状语从句for引导的原因状语从句只能跟在主句的后面，相当于汉语的“其理由是”。例：Istoppedtorest,forIwasverytired.Thedaysareshort,foritisDecembernow.（3）条件状语从句条件状语从句的连词或短语有：if,unless,so/aslongas等。if引导的条件状语从句if是引导条件状语从句最常用的连词，意为“如果”。例：IfyoutravelinIndia（印度）,youcanuseEnglisheverywhere.I’lltellyouaboutit,ityoucome.Myparentswilltakemetotheparkiftheyarefree.unless引导的条件状语从句Unless意为“除非...要不然”。意思相当于“ifnot”例：You’llfailintheexamunlessyoustudyhard.You’llmiss（错过）thetrainunlessyougetupearly.

3.as/solongas引导的条件状语从句as/solongas引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”例：Youcankeepthebookaslongasyoulike.Youcanusemyroomaslongasyoukeepitclean.Iamhappyaslongasyouarehappy.（4）结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：sothat,so...that...,such...that...等。sothat引导的结果状语从句sothat引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”例：Shewasillsothatshecantgetoutofbed.他病了，下不了床了so...that.../such...that引导的结果状语从句so...that...和such...that引导结果状语从句，都意为“如此...，以至于...”注意：这两个短语虽意思相同，但使用方法不同，so为副词，其后可跟形容词或副词，而such为形容词，其后只可跟名词。①so...that..常见结构如下：so+形容词/副词+that例：Maryissolovelythatweallliketoplaywithher.so+形容词+a(an)+单数名词+that例：Itissohotadaythatnobodywantstodoanything.so+many/few+复数名词+that例：Therearesomanypeoplethatwearehardtomove.so+much/little+不可数名词+that例：Thereissolittletimethatwehavetospeedup（加速）.②such...that...常见结构如下：such+a(an)+形容词+可数名词单数+that例：Maryissuchalovelygirlthatweallliketoplaywithher.such+形容词+可数名词复数+that例：Thesearesuchdifficultquestionsthatnoneofuscouldanswerthem.such+形容词+不可数名词例：Wehadsuchterribleweatherthatwecouldn’tfinishtheworkontime.（5）目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词有：sothat,inorderthat等。sothat和inorderthat引导目的状语从句，意思都为“以便，为了”。例：Youshouldtalktohimsothatyoucansayyouaresorry.IshouldstudyhardinorderthatIcanpasstheexam.（6）让步状语从句让步状语从句，属于状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”等，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。引导让步状语从句的连词或短语有：though,although,eventhough,evenif,as等。although/though引导的让步状语从句although/though引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”例：Althoughthetrafficwasheavy,wegottotherailwaystationontime.虽然交通拥堵，我们仍旧准时到达了火车站。ThoughIbelieveit,Imustconsider（考虑）.虽然我相信，但我必须一下。注意：切记although/though不能和but连用。例：Althoughthetrafficwasheavy,butwegottotherailwaystationontime.（×）Althoughthetrafficwasheavy,wegottotherailwaystationontime.（√）eventhough/evenif引导的让步状语从句evenalthough/evenif引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”例：Eventhoughheis80,hestilllooksstrongandhealthy.Evenifweachievegreatsuccess,weshouldnotbeproud（骄傲）.注意：切记evenalthough/evenif同样不能和but连用。as引导的让步状语从句as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装即将从句的表语、状语或动词原形等置于句首。①表语+as+主语+系动词例：Tiredasheis,heofferstohelpme.Studentasheis,hedoesn’tstudyhard.②副词+as+主语+谓语例：Hardasheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.Fastasyouread,youcan’tfinishthebooksosoon.③动词原形+as+主语+谓语的另一部分（情态动词，助动词等）例：Tryasyouwill,youwon’tbeabletopersuade（说服）him.Δ例题：①---Mom,shallwehavesupper（晚饭）now?---Oh,wewon’thavesupper_______yourdadcomesback.A.untilB.sinceC.whileD.after②---Howdoyoulikeyournewschool,Tom?---Itisverycleanandbeautiful_______itisabitsmall.IfB.sinceC.unlessD.although③---Manypeopledonotrealize（意识到）theimportanceofhealth_______theyhavefallenill.A.UntilB.whileC.whenD.after④_______theweatherisfinetomorrow,wewillgofishing.A.AswellasB.AssoonasC.AslongasD.Asfaras⑤Howcanweimproveourenvironmentalot_______eachofusdoessomethingusefulforit.A.WhileB.untilC.after