自然拼读（课件）牛津译林版英语八年级上册

自然拼读

Phonics分享内容什么是自然拼读？你适合学习自然拼读吗？为什么学习自然拼读？自然拼读分几个类别？易错易混淆读音自然拼读怎么教？自然拼读如何到拼写？什么是自然拼读？自然拼读法又称"Phonics“它不仅是以英语为母语国家的孩子学习英语读音与拼字，增进阅读能力与理解力的教学法，更是以英语为第二语言的英语初学者学习发音规则与拼读技巧的教学方法。你适合学习自然拼读吗？学习自然拼读有前提：有一定的听力词汇建议有3000听力词汇举例：当一个母语小孩看到desk这四个字母之后，用自然拼读的规则去发音d-e-s-k,哦，desk呀！一听到音，他就懂了这个词的意思为什么学习自然拼读？自然拼读是英语母语国家的儿童从学英语伊始便普遍使用的一种方法它通过让孩子辨识字母及字母组合的发音规律，在字母与发音之间建立直接联系，做到"见词能读、听音能写“为什么学习自然拼读？英文中，87%的单词符合拼读规则94%的单音节单词符合规则提高认读单词的能力，记忆单词的速度和准确度，提升阅读潜能为什么学习自然拼读？Goal:reading“Sound-out”/Decodingapproach“Phonicsisthetool;readingisthegoal.”Importanceofreading:Withoutbeingabletoread,onecannotlearnindependently自然拼读的分类Scientificstudyofhumanlanguage3categories:LanguagestructureLanguagemeaningLanguageincontextFirst10SightWordsTheOfAndAToInIsYouThatIt易错易混淆读音混淆音Badvs.BedWillvs.WearAimvs.ArmPetvs.PetePleasevs.PoliceVeryvs.WellMostvs.MorstDollvs.DoorDuckvs.Dark易错易混淆读音轻浊混淆VerywellweryvellThankyoufankyouorsankyouThatdatGradegladeTreechee易错易混淆读音吞食尾音LikelieMikemyMakemayFastfassActiveactiMadmaPointpoin易错易混淆读音多加尾音MadmadeLikelikeEateateSongsongt多在阅读过程中不自觉发出,教师切勿利用中文帮助孩子发音。自然拼读教学6stepstoreading:Recognizeshortvowel&theirsounds（短元音）Recognizeconsonants&theirsounds（辅音）Blendconsonants&vowelstogether（元辅结合）Soundoutone-vowelwords（拼读单元音单词）Soundoutlong-vowelwords（拼读长元音单词）Applyspecialsounds（运用特殊音节）Makesurestudentshaveampleopportunitytoapplyeachstepindividually.Vowels“backboneofwords”–everywordmusthaveatleastonevowelsoundEachvowellettercanmake2differentsounds:Short-vowelsoundsLong-vowelsoundsVowelStep1a:applee:elephanti:Indiano:ostrichu:umbrellaWhyteachthesefirst?62%ofallEnglishsyllablescontaintheshortsoundsofthevowelsStep2:ConsonantsConsonant:anyletterthatisnotavowelBecarefulnottoaddashortusoundtotheendofconsonantsounds(Iandtnotluhandtuh)BadExamples:Hat,bad,leg,life,etc.CAndKRule:Kgoeswithiande,Cbeforetheother3(a,o,u)iftheyaremakingthe/k/sound.ExamplesKit,kim,kinfolkKeep,Kevin,kettlecar,cat,cap,cattle,cape,call有时在e或i前面，c会发/sh/音

ocean,racial,social

Gg字母g后面接a，o，u的时候，所发的音叫做“hardgsound”girl,gas,get,give,go当字母g后面接e，i，或y的时候，有时g的发音与字母j的发音相同，叫做“软g音”age,change,ginger,Egypt,gentle,giraffe,badge特例：forget,give,girl中的g发hardsoundStep4:one-vowelWordsOne-vowelrule:whenthereisonevowelinaword,itusuallymakesitsshortsound.Examples:Tap,satRed,pegRod,podSit,pickFun,plumPurpose:ToshowustheshortvowelL,F,SIffollowingashortvowel,usuallydoubledExamples:Tell,well,bell,bill,hill,mill,kill,cullOff,bluff,fluff,cuff,muffler,puffBass,mass,mess,miss,kiss,bliss,cross,ross,possible,fussStep5:LongVowelsa:acorne:eaglei:icecreamo:openu:uniformSameasthenamesofthelettersThey“saytheirnames”Longvowelsintwo-vowelwords**Two-vowelrule:whentherearetwovowelsinaword,thefirstvowelusuallysaysitslongsoundandthesecondvowelissilent“Whentwovowelsgowalking,thefirstonedoesthetalking.”2vowels:Firstvowel=long;Secondvowel=silentForexample…tapvs.tapebetvs.beatfinvs.finecotvs.coatfunvs.fruit字母组合带有l的字母组合

bl

black,blame,bless,blue,blast

cl

--clock,class,clap,clue,close

fl

--flag,fly,flat,flash,flower

gl

--glass,glad,glide,glue,globe

pl

--plate,plane,place,plus,plan

sl

--sled,sleep,slow,slide,slim

字母组合带有r的字母组合

br

--bridge,break,brave,brown,bread

cr

--crab,crack,crop,crown,creek

dr

--dress,drag,drink,drive,drop

fr

--frog,fresh,free,from,front

gr

--grape,grade,grass,grin,grunt

pr

--press,pride,price,print,proof

tr

--truck,track,true,train,tree字母组合带有s的字母组合

sc

--scale,scar,score,scare,scuff

sk

--skate,skip,skill,skull,skin

sm

--smoke,smile,smog,smell,smear

sn

--snake,snap,snore,snow,snug

sp

--spoon,spin,spot,spell,sport

st

--stop,stack,stay,step,still

sw

--swim,swell,swing,sweet,swift

tw

--twig,tweet,twist,twin,twine

字母组合三字母组合

shr

--shrink,shred,shrill,shrimp,shrub

spl

--splash,split,splice,splint,splurge

spr

--spread,spring,spree,sprain,spray

squ

--square,squad,squirrel,squat,squeak

str

--string,strip,straw,stream,street

thr

--throw,three,throne,thrift,thrill字母组合在结尾的字母组合

ck（只发一个/k/音）--duck,pack,quick,luck,rock

ld

--cold,gold,held,mild,bald

lk

--milk,silk,elk,sulk,skulk

mp

--lamp,damp,champ,hump,dump

nch

--inch,ranch,lunch,bench,crunch

nd

--hand,kind,bend,stand,mind

ng（这个音比较特别，是舌头抵住上颚后方所发出的鼻音）--ring,long,sing,wing,lung

nk

--sink,bank,trunk,pink,ink

nt

--tent,ant,hunt,sent,mint

sh

--fish,rash,brush,wish,trash

st

--vest,last,test,list,lostVowelDigraphs单元音2lettersusedtorepresentONEvowelsoundAdigraph两字母发一音doesnotcorrespondtothenormalsoundsofthe2lettersExamples:Eastern–thedigraphis“ea”(longe)People–thedigraphis“eo”(longe)Health–thedigraphis“ea”(shorte)Glue–thedigraphis“ue”(longu)Lawn–thedigraphis“aw”(shorto)Diphthongs双元音2adjacentvowelsoundsCometogethersofastthattheyareconsideredonesyllableCometogethertocreateasinglenewsoundExamples:Boy–thediphthongis“oy”Cow–thediphthongis“ow”Vowel-consonant–EIfthelastletterofawordiseandtheehasavowelandaconsonantbeforeit…ThefinaleissilentThevowelbeforetheconsonantislongExamples:Made,fake,like,mote,LukeConsonantdigraphs2lettersusedtorepresentONEconsonantsoundAdigraphdoesnotcorrespondtothenormalsoundsofthe2lettersExamples:ch:chinph:phoneth:thingth:theSpellingTheEnglishalphabetispureinsanity…itcanhardlyspellanywordinthelanguagewithanydegreeofcertainty”--MarkTwain5RulesWordsendinginafinalsilent–edropthe–ebeforesuffixesbeginninginavowelandretainitbeforesuffixesbeginningwithaconsonantEx:excite

excitableExcite

excitementWaste

wastingWaste

wastedException:truly,argument,judgmentSingle-syllablewordsorwordsstressedonthelastsyllable,thatendwithaconsonantprecededbyasinglevowel…DoubletheconsonantbeforesuffixesbeginningwithavowelEx:NapnappedOccuroccurringReferreferralRunrunnerCommitcommitment(exception)Wordsendingin–yprecededbyaconsonant…changethe–yto–ibeforeallsuffixesexceptthosebeginningwith–i.Example:GodlygodlinessHappyhappierFriendlyfriendliestCarrycarryingInsyllablespronouncedwithanee…-I-goesbefore–eexceptafterc;afterc-,-e-goesbefore–I-.whenthesoundisotherthanee.Thevowelorderis–ei

Example:ChiefcellingeightBeliefdeceiveweighAchievereceiptsleighRelieveconceitsleightExceptiontorule4:EitherseizeweirdcaffeineNeitherleisureproteincodeine“ibeforeeexceptaftercorwhensoundinglikelongaasinneighborandweigh.”(teachingrule4)Joiningwordsorwordpartwiththesamelettersatthejoiningpoints…keepbothconsonants.Example:grand+daughter=granddaughtermis+spelling=misspellingProblemSpellingsprinciple#1Learningthecorrectandcompletepronunciationofwordscanimprovespelling.(learnhowtopronunciationcorrectly)

EnvironmentmathematicslengthGovernmentathleticsquantityPrinciple#2Makingaccuratedistinctionsbetweensimilar-soundingwordscaneliminatesomecommonmisspellings.Principleaffectacceptmoral(spirit)PrincipaleffectexceptmoralePrinciple#3Thespellingsofcertainsuffixpairs(-ence,-ance;-ent,ant;-ible,-able;-er,-or)follownopatternandmustbememorized.Resistanceindependentconvertible

Existencedefendantcomfortable

Principle#4Whenformingadverbsfromnouns,beginwiththeadjectivesuffix–al

andfollowitwiththeadverbsuffix–lytoformthesuffix–ally.IncidentallyaccidentallyformallyException:publicly.Principle#5Only3wordsendin–ceed:exceed,proceed,andsucceed.Only1wordendin–sede:supersede.Therestendin–cede:precede,recede,concede,intercede,accede,etc.TheSound/J/Canbespelledin3differentways:j,g,ordgeUsuallyusej

before

a,o,orujam,jar,