专题09 8BU1-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用）

专题098BU1-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析单元话题PastandpresentReading重点词汇、词组和句型Grammar现在完成时的定义、构成、过去分词规则和不规则变形知识点囊括知识点囊括一、重点词组、句型1、pastn.“过去”，inthepast用一般过去时；adj.“刚过去的”，duringthepastyears在过去几年时间里；prep.“路过，过”，drivepastthebank开车经过银行；aquarterpastseven七点一刻。passv.“传递，通过”，passsth.tosb.=passsb.sth.把某物传给某人；passtheexam通过考试，考试及格Luckily,he____passed____(pass).Iwalked____past__theshopyesterday.2、present1)现在，目前atpresent=atthemoment2)礼物=gift3、marry.vi.&vt.“结婚；嫁，娶”；三单marries过去式、过去分词marriedAmarryB=Aget/bemarriedtoB=AandBget/bemarriedmarriagen.“结婚”，marriedadj.“已婚的”，get/bemarried；bemarriedtosb(延续性动词)。1)Theboy__marries____(marry)theprettygirlandthegirliswillingtomarryhim.

2)ShehasbeenmarriedtoMr.Wang.3)TheyaregoingtogetmarriedonNewYear’sDay.注意区别：Theyhavegotmarried.他们结婚了。They___havebeenmarried______for10years.他们结婚10年了。4、realizevt.“意识到，实现”，realizeone’sdream=one’sdreamcomestrue5、abit“有点儿（同alittle修饰形容词和副词或它们的比较级；修饰不可数名词时用abitof或alittle）”abit/littlelarge(r)；abitofwater=alittlewater。not…abit“一点也不”同not…atall；not…alittle“非常”同very。6、ownadj.“自己的”，myownstory=astoryofmyownv.“拥有[同]have”；ownern.“所有者”，theownerofthefactory。7、developv.“发展”adevelopingcountry发展中国家；adevelopedcountry发达国家；developmentn“发展”withthedevelopmentofscience随着科学的发展。8、relaxv.“放松”；relaxingadj.“令人放松的”；relaxedadj.(某人)“放松的”。9、feelingn.“感受（常用复数)”hurtone’sfeelings伤了某人的感情；10、recentadj.“最近的”；arecentphoto一张近照recentlyadv.“最近，近来”（可用于一般过去时或现在完成时，不用于将来时）。A__recent___(recent)rreportsaysthatfewmurderhashappened__recently_____(recent)11、lonely,1）、作表语，表示心灵内部的孤独寂寞。alone指单独、独自的意思，作表语。例如：Heis_alone____,butheneverfeels___lonely___.2）、作定语，表示荒凉的、偏僻的、偏远的alonelyvillage一个遥远的村庄12、wife–wivesAthief’swifeusedaknifeontheshelfandhalfaleaftokillawolf.去f/fe为ves13、interviewn.采访、会见haveaninterviewwithsb.vt.对….进行面试，采访interviewerviewer采访者14、communicatewithsb.和某人交流=have__communication____withsb.havenocommunicationwithsb.和某人没有交流15、fromtimetotime=sometimes=attimes不时，有时，偶尔16、since(1)“既然，由于”Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourclass.(2)“自…以来”过去的时间点since1990,sincelastyear现在完成时+since+时间段+agosincethreeyearsago句子（一般过去时）sinceIwenttoschool17、over①在……期间overthe10years在10年间②超过Heisover30yearsold.他超过30岁了。③从一边到另一边jumpoverthechair跳过椅子④结束Classisover.18、turn;linkv1)Thetreeturnsgreen.n.2)It’syourturnnow.vt.3)Theyturnedtheplaceintoabigcinema.19、wasten.[U]废物toomuchwaste=rubbish=litter[C]浪费WatchingTVadsisjusta___waste__oftime.vt.浪费wastetimedoingsth.浪费时间做…returnvi返回returnto…=go/come/getbackto…vt归还returnsth.to……=givesth.backto…把某物还给……returnthebooktothelibrary把书还给图书馆21、pollutionn.[U]污染muchpollution,air/water/noisepollutionpollutev.污染pollutetheriver污染小河pollutedadj.被污染的apollutedriver一条被污染的小河Thewater___pollution_____(pollute)isterrible.Drinking___polluted_____(pollute)waterisbadforourhealth.22、improvev.提高;改善improvetheenvironment改善环境23、inone’sway挡某人的路；妨碍Don’tbeinmyway.不要妨碍我。onone’sway在某人去…的路上onmywayhome（副词前不加to）在我回家的路上insomeways在某种程度上Insomeways,heisagoodboy.24、usedtodosth.过去常常做某事Iusedto___go___(go)toschoolbybus.be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事Iamused___togoing_____(go)herenow.25、impossibleadj.不可能的possibleadj.可能的possibilityn.可能性Nothingis____impossible____(possible).二、语法Grammar一、现在完成时的含义（1）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。如for、since等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）时间状语的表达方法有两种:for:+一段时间forayear,fortwoweeks,forthreeyears...过去的某一时刻,sincelastweek,since2008…Since一段时间+ago,since9yearsago,since3daysago…,+点时间一般过去时态的时间状语从句：sinceyoucame，sincehemovedhere,sinceIwasborn…例如：1.EddiehaslivedwithMilliefor4years.since2011.CoffeyhaslivedinKunshansince4yearsago.sincesheleftschool.（2）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达)通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just(句中）,already(句中，句末）,before(句末）,yet（句末）,never（句中）,ever（句中）,recently(句末)等状语连用。例如：例如：1.Eddiehasjusteatenmyfood.（Eddie已经吃了我的食物。）2.Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.（我以前从未听说过那件事）3.Haveyoueverriddenahorse?（你曾经骑过马吗？）4.Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.（她早已经完成这个工作了。）5.Wehaven’tfinishedourhomeworkyet.（我们还没有完成作业呢。）二、现在完成时的构成（1）肯定句：I/We/You/They+助动词have+p.p.（过去分词）+其它。He/She/It+助动词has+p.p.（过去分词）+其它。（2）否定句I/We/You/They+havenot/hasn’t+p.p.（过去分词）+其它。He/She/It+hasnot/hasn’t+p.p.（过去分词）+其它。(3)一般疑问句及回答---Have+I/you/we/they+p.p.（过去分词）+其它？---Yes,I/you/we/theyhave.---No,I/you/we/theyhaven’t.---Has+she/he/it+p.p.（过去分词）+其它？---Yes,she/he/ithas.---No,she/he/ithasn’t.(4)特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+p.p.(过去分词）+其它？e.g.ThegirlhaslearnedEnglishfor6years.HowlonghasthegirllearnedEnglish?Ihaveeatentwoapplesforbreakfast.Whathaveyoueatenforbreakfast?三、过去分词的构成(A)规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited

(2)、以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live---lived---lived,(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将“y”变为“i”，再加“ed”。study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped—dropped(B)不规则动词的过去分词原型过去式过去分词原型过去式过去分词dodiddoneeatateeatengowentgonefindfoundfoundseesawseenforgetforgotforgottenbuyboughtboughtcomecamecomeputputputcutcutcutbuildbuiltbuiltwritewrotewritten三、词组归纳过去常常做某事，曾经做… usedtodosth.与某人分享某物 sharesthwithsb步行去某地 gotosp.onfoot/walktosp很了解(熟悉)某事 knowsthverywell搬走/搬家 moveaway/movehouse在阳光镇北部 inthenorthernpartofSunshineTown与某人结婚 get/bemarriedto改变很多，变化很大 changealot把……变成 turn…into…把废物排进河里 putthewasteintotheriver采取措施改善这种情况 takeactiontoimprovethesituation更加干净得多 muchcleaner在某些方面，在某种程度上 insomeways下中国象棋 playChinesechess感到有点儿寂寞 feelabitlonely有时，偶尔 sometimes/attimes/fromtimetotime使某事更好/更容易 makesthbetter/easier发生；举行 takeplace在最近几年里 in/during/overthepast/lastfewyears许多次/在不同时代/时期 manytimes/atdifferenttimes改善我们的生活条件 improveourlivingconditions与某人保持联系 keepintouchwithsb.通过电子邮件交流 communicatebyemail使交际更加容易 makecommunicationmucheasier单独/独自做某事 dosth.alone/byoneself/onone’sown阻止污染为了过上幸福生活 stopthepollutiontoliveahappylife钢铁厂 asteelfactory意识到这个问题 realizetheproblem在一些大片开阔的空地上建房 buildtallbuildingsinsomelargeopenspaces拥有自己的小汽车 haveowncars某人做某事已经变得不可能了。 Ithasbecomeimpossibleforsb.todosth.和以前一样经常见面 seeeachotherasoftenasbefore四、句型归纳你过去对我那么好。 You_usedto__besokindtome.你对阳光镇非常了解吗？ DoyouknowSunshineTownverywell?3.阳光河边曾经有一个钢铁厂。 Therewasoncea____steelfactory___neartheSunshineRiver.4.做某事对某人来说……。 It’s+adj+forsbtodosth.对我们来说像以前一样经常见面已经变得不可能了。Ithasbecomeimpossibleforusto____meetasoftenasbefore___5.我们过去常在一起打牌下中国象棋。Weusedto___playChinesechess_____together.6.我有时会觉得有点孤独。 Ifeelabitlonelyfromtimetotime.7.近几年我的家乡发生了许多变化。（3种）Manychanges____havetakenplace_____inmyhometownovertheyears.Therehavebeen__manychanges______inmyhometownovertheyears.Myhometown___haschanged____alotovertheyears.8.自从他去世以来已经三年了。(4种)He____died__threeyearsago.He______hasbeendead____forthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssince___hedied___.Threeyears__haspassed______sincehedied.9.他习惯于晚饭后散步。 Heisusedto___walking_____aftersupper.10.你们如何互相保持联系？ Howdoyou_____keepintouchwith________eachother?11.特网使得交际容易得多。 TheInternetmakescommunication___mucheasier_____..12.现在政府把镇中心的一部分变成了一个新的公园。Nowthegovernment____hasturned_partof___theown___into____apark.易错题分析易错题分析语法部分：一、用所给此词的适当形式填空。1.It（rain）foraweek.2.Idon’tknowthiswoman.I（never，meet）her.3.－Let’sgotothecinema.－No,I（see,already）thefilm.4.We（not,finish）ourhomeworkyet.Willyouwaitaminute?5.John（not,come）yet.Hewillbebackinaminute.6.Mr.GreenoftengoestoAmerica.Infact,he（be）theretentimes.7.－Where’sJohn?－Hejust（go）totheteachers’office.8.She（study）Englishsinceshewasten.9.Jimisn’there.He（go）tothelibrary.He（go）thereanhourago.10.He（never,travel）onatraininherlife.【答案】hasrained2havenevermet3havealreadyseen4haven’tfinished5hasn’tcome6hasbeen7hasgone8hasstudies9hasgone；went10hasnevertravelled二、句型转换1.Thebushasn’tarrivedyet.(改成肯定句)Thebus_________________________.2.Ihavewatchedtheinterestingfilmrecently.(改成一般疑问句)______you________theinterestingfilmsrecently?3.Ihavealreadyhadmybreakfast.(改为否定句)I________hadmybreakfast______.4.Ihavealreadyfinisheddoingmyhomework.(改为一般疑问句)_____________finisheddoingyourhomework________?5.Shehasalreadyworkedoutthatdifficultmathproblem.(改为否定句)She_________workedoutthatdifficultproblem__________.【答案】1.hasarrivedalready/hasalreadyarrived2.Have,watched3.haven't,yet4.Haveyou,yet5.hasn't,yet三、用单词适当形式填空1.TheGreenfamily______________(live)herefortenyears.They________(come)herein1998.2.Whynotseethefilmwithme?I____________(see)thefilm.I_______(see)itlastweekwithmysister.3.Mybrother____________(be)bornin1983.Sincethen,he_____________(live)inthiscity.4.Howmanytimes__________you____________(visit)Nanjing?5.Don’tworry.Thereisalittletime_____________(leave).6.It

used

_____________(be)

very

quiet.7.The

changes

to

Moonlight

Town

have

_______(bring)

many

problems.8.Thegovernmentwantstoreducethe____________(pollute).9.Wasitpossibleforourteam__________(lose)thegameinthelast3minutes.【答案】havelived,came;2.haveseen,saw;3.was,haslived;4.havevisited;5.left;6.tobe;7.brought;8.pollution;9tolose词汇句型部分：一、词汇拼写1.Sandyhasalotoffriends,sosheneverfeels____________(寂寞).2.Thatreporterhadan__________(采访)withJayChoulastweek.3.Yearsago,thegovernment________(意识到)itwasaseriousproblemandtookactiontoreducethepollution.4.Kittygot__________(结婚)lastyear.Herhusbandisacomputerprogrammer.5.Manyplacesare____________(污染)allovertheworld,sowehavetodosomethingtohelptheearth.6.Weallhopeweshouldhavemore__________(开阔的)spaceinthecity.7.Theenvironmenthas(改变)alot.【答案】1.lonely2.interview3.realized4.married5.polluted6.open7.changed二、翻译句子1.政府已经把这个地方变成了一个公园。Thealreadytheplaceapark.2.我不时地感到寂寞。Itimetime.3.工厂以前经常把它的废物倒进河里。Thefactorytointotheriver.4.我们必须采取行动来改善这种状况。Wemusttothe.5.他不像以前那样经常见老朋友。Hecan’tseehisoldfriends.【答案】governmenthasturnerinto;2.feellonelyfrom;to;3.used;putwaste;4.takeactionimprovesituation;5.asoftenasbefore;三、单项选择()1.UncleDongis______fromtimetotimebecausehemisses______oldfriendMrWang.A.lonely,theB.alone,anC.lonely,anD.alone,the()2.Wehaven’tseeneachother________.A.foralongtimeB.twodaysagoC.fortwodaysagoD.alongtimeago()3.－______he______atthisschoollastterm?－Yes,Ithinkso.A.Did,studyB.Has,studiedC.Was,studyD.Did,studied()4.He’sneverwatchedsuchaninterestingmatch,___________?A.isn’theB.hasn’theC.isheD.hashe()5.MissWang______anEnglishteacher.Butnowsheisn’t.A.usetobeB.usedtobeC.usedtoD.usestobe()6.Theoldmanwasnot______toclimbupthehill.A.healthyB.enoughhealthyC.healthenoughD.healthyenough()7.－Whynotgotoseethedolphinshowwithme?－BecauseI_______it.A.sawB.willseeC.seeD.haveseen()8.—Youlookreallybeautifulinthispinkdress,Sally.— A.No,justso-so.B.Thankyou.C.Yes,I’msure.D.Notatall.()9.Mymother______Englishsinceshecametothecity.A.teachesB.hastaughtC.taughtD.havetaught()10.Mr.GreenhasworkedinZhenjiangsincehisfamilytoChinayearsago.A.hasmovedB.movesC.movedD.move()11.Don’tyouthinkthattheriveris________now?A.muchcleanerB.verycleanerC.muchcleanD.cleanest()12.---IhaveboughtaChinese–Englishdictionary.--Whenandwhere_____you_____it?A.have,boughtB.did,buyC.will,buyD.do,buy()13.Hehaskeptintouchwithus.A.sinceamonthB.foramonthC.foramonthagoD.inamonth()14.Myson____________upyetbecausehe_____________tobedverylatelastnight.A.hasn’tgot;hasgone B.didn’tget;wentC.doesn’tget;went D.hasn’tgot;went()15.Milliehadaninterview_____Lily’sgrandpathismorning.A.andB.toC.withD.about()16.Weinviteexpertstogiveustalks.A.fromadayandnightB.fromtimetotimeC.frompasttonowD.fromonetoanother()17.Thechil