专题04 7BU4-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用）

专题047BU4-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析单元话题FindingyourwayReading重点词汇、词组和句型Grammar不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词；各种方位介词知识点囊括知识点囊括一、重点词组、句型1.Areyousure,Hobo?besureofsth.对……确信（有把握）besuretodosth.一定要去做某事besure+that从句Iamsureofmyanswers.我对我的答案有把握。Theyaresuretowinthegame.他们一定会赢得比赛。Iamsurethattheywillwinthegame.2．Ithinkwehavetogoupagain．have(had/has)to意为“不；得不"，强调客观，愿意也要做，不愿意也要做（否定式don’thaveto）must强调主观，自己认为必须要去做,但mustn’t意为“禁止，不准”,语气强烈。Dad,mustIfinishmyhomeworkbeforegoingshopping？爸爸，我必须要在购物之前完成作业吗？肯定回答：Yes,youmust./I’mafraidyouhaveto.否定回答：No,youdon’thaveto./No,youneedn’t.Mybikeisbroken，soIhavetowalktoschool．3．SunshineZooisnorthofSunshineMiddleSchool．表示“A在B的东/南/西/北面”用句型:”Aiseast/south/west/northofB”其同义句是：Aisto/ontheeast/south/west/northofBeg.NanjingiswestofShanghai=NanjingistothewestofShanghai.表示方位的介词in,on与to的区别（1）in表示A在B的范围之内,TaiwanisinthesouthofChina.(2)to表示两者不接壤，不从属HangzhouistothesouthofTaizhou.(3)on表示两地接壤KunshanisonthesouthofShanghai.4.Rememberthattheyaredangerous.Nevergonearthem.记住他们很危险，不要靠近他们remembersth.记得/记住某物CanyourememberyourIDcardnumbers?remembertodosth.记得去做某事（未做）Pleaseremembertoturnoffthelightswhenyouleave.rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事（已经做了）Irememberturningoffthelights,butit’sonnow.remember+that从句反义词：forget（过去式forgot）用法相同eg.Pleaseremembertoturn(turn)offthelightwhenyouleavetheclassroom.Iremembermeeting(meet)themansomewhere.5．Gostraighton，andyou’llfindthePandaHouse.“祈使句+and／or+一般将来时"表示在假设的某种条件下将会产生的结果，and通常后接好的结果，or意为“否则”，通常后接不好的结果。如：Hurryup,andwe’llcatchtheearlybus．Hurryup，orwe’llmisstheearlybus．Workhard,oryou’llpasstheexam.(and/or)6.Takethesecondturning/crossingontheright.在第二个拐弯处向右拐。=Turnrightatthesecondturning/crossing.TurnrightintoPeople’sRoad.向右拐入人民路。7．Thetreasureisunderthegroundinfrontofthethirdtreeontheleft．infrontof意为“在某物外部的前面”，inthefrontof指“在某物内部的前面”。Theteacherishavingthelessoninthefrontoftheclassroom．Thereisabusinfrontoftheclassroom．LilyissittinginfrontofofDaniel.8．HowdoIgetthere?去那儿的路怎么走呢?这是问路的一种表达。还有如下同义表达：(1)Whichisthewayto．．．?(2)Whereisthe．．．?(3)Istherea．．．nearhere?(4)Couldyoutellmethewayto…．?(5)Couldyoutellmehowtogetto/howIcangetto．．．?9.⑴soundn.声音在一般情况下，泛指各种声音。如：.soundvi.听起来（系动词）Yourideasoundsgreat./那听起来是个好主意。⑵与noise,voice的用法区别noise主要指大声的、令人不愉快的声音，尤指噪音(可用作可数或不可数名词)。如：voice主要指人讲话或唱歌的声音(是可数名词)。如Hespeaksinalowvoice..10.prepare……for……为……准备……二、语法Grammar冠词的用法冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词，不定冠词a/an常用来泛指某个人或物，定冠词the常用来指特定的某个人或物。1、不定冠词a/ana/an用在表示“一”的概念，但不强调数目概念。我们在第一次提到某人或某物时，如果是可数名词单数，常在其前加不定冠词a/an。“a/an+单数名词”表示“一个……”或“某一……”。(1)表示“一个”，相当于one，指某人或某物Ihaveanewcomputer.我有一台新电脑。(2)代表一类人或物Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.刀是切东西的工具。用于一些习惯用语中。abit（一点），alittle（一点），afew（几个），alot（许多），akindof（一种），apairof（一副、一双），anumberof（大量的），apieceof（一张、一片），halfanhour（半小时），haveagoodtime（玩得开心），haveacold（感冒），makeanoise（发出嘈杂声），have/takea（rest等）（休息）一会儿，等等。请牢记以下的例子：Inauniversity，aEuropeanunitedaone-eyedmantostealausefulthing,thenranawayalongaone-wayroad.Thisisausualthing.用于序数词前:a+序数词表示“再一”“又一”Eg：Youwillhavetodoitasecondtime.你得再做一次。Ihavethreebooks，Iwanttobuyafourthone.我已经有三本书，我想再买一本。2、定冠词the(1)定冠词the用在谈到之前提过的某人或某物前，或特指某(些)人或物，使其区别于同类的其他人或事物，相当于this，that，these，those，可以与可数名词连用，也可与不可数名词连用。(2)用于表示上文已提及的人或事物。Ihaveanewbike.Thebikeisabirthdaypresentfrommyuncle.我有一辆新自行车。这辆车是我叔叔送给我的生日礼物。(3)用于表示谈话双方都知道的人或事物。Heiswaitingformeattheschoolgate.他在学校门口等我。(4)用于序数词和最高级前。ThisisthefirsttimeformetovisitBeijing.这是我第一次去北京旅行。EddiewantstolivenexttothebiggestrestaurantinBeijing.埃迪想住在北京最大的参观旁边。用于世界上独一无二的事物前,主要指thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky,theuniverse,theworld等东西。TheEarthmovesaroundthesun.地球围绕太阳转。(6)用于方位名词前。JiangsuisintheeastofChina.江苏位于中国东部。(7)用于河流、海洋、山川、海岛、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前，以及用于由普通名词构成(或含有普通名词)的专有名词如国名、地名、团体、机构、党派、报纸、杂志、事件、建筑物等前。如：theYellowRiver黄河theRedSea红海theIndianOcean印度洋theTaiwanStraits台湾海峡theGreatCulturalRevolution文化大革命(8)用于乐器名词前。Hecan’tplayfootball,buthecanplaytheviolin.他不会踢足球，但是他会拉小提琴。与一些形容词连用，表示一类人，是复数概念。therich富人thepoor穷人thewealthy富人theold老人theaged老人theyoung年轻人thesick病人thebrave勇敢的人theweak弱者thestrong强者thedead死者theblind盲人InChina,theoldliveahappylife.在中国，老人们过着幸福的生活。(10)用于姓氏的复数前，表示一家人，是复数概念。TheGreensarehavingafternoonteaatpresent.此刻，格林一家正在喝下午茶。(11)用于一些习惯用语中，如：inthepast在过去gotothecinema看电影intheend最后inthedark在黑暗中，不知道intheleast一点，丝毫intheopen在野外用于逢整十数词的复数前定冠词有时可用于逢整十的复数数词前，表示世纪中的年代。如：Hemovedtothesouthinthefifties.他于50年代搬到了南方。Thewarbrokeoutinthe1980s.战争爆发于20世纪80年代。3、零冠词(1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。如：China,America,Smith中国、美国、史密斯(2)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。如：Thisdictionaryismine.这个字典是我的(3)季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。如：March,MayDay,NationalDay三月、五一劳动节、国庆节Didyouhavesupper?你吃午饭了吗？Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.春天是一年中最好的季节。(4)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。如：Doyoustudyphysics?你学习物理吗？Helikesplayingfootball/chess.他喜欢踢足球/下象棋。(5)复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。如：Theyareworkers.他们是工人。(6)在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。如：Theyoftengotoschoolbybus.他们经常坐公交车上学。批注：inacar,onthebike,takeabus,onthetrain/bus需注意。(7)某些固定词组中不用冠词。①名词词组中：husbandandwife,brotherandsister,bodyandsoul,dayandnight,knifeandfork②介词词组中：to(at,from)school,in(to)class,in(to,at,from)university（college）,to（in,into,from）church,to(in,into,outof)prison(hospital,bed),to(at,from,outof)work,to(in,from)town,at(from)home,to(at)sea,atnight(noon,midnight),bycar(bus,bicycle,plane),onfoot方位介词的用法(1)表示地点的介词

1）at,in,on

at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：

HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.

Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.

Thereisabigholeinthewall.

Theteacherputupapictureonthewall.

2）

over,above,on，below，under

over,on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：

Thereisabridgeovertheriver.

Weflewabovetheclouds.

Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk.

3）表示方位的in/on/toin表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系)Taiwanis_in___thesoutheastofChina.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系)Hubeiis__on__thenorthofHunan.to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系)Japanis__to___theeastofChina.◆常用介词的用法辨析

(1)after和behind区别after表示时间、位置之后behind只表示位置之后(2)between/among在……之间between:指两者之间.在…….之间.among:用于三者或三者以上人或物之间.在……之中.(3)onthetree/inthetreeonthetree表示“树上本身长的东西”在树上.inthetree表示“外界的物体进入树中”人或物在树上.(4)across/through/over/by经过across指横穿,穿过.表示从......表面上经过.through指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.over表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触.by表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.Canyouswimacrosstheriver?Theelephantissobigthatitcan’tgothroughthegate.Idon’tthinkanyonecanjumpoverthefence.IwalkedbythebankofChinayesterday.

(5)for,to和towards的区别for常用在leave，start后，表示运动的方向和目的，如leaveforBeijingto常用在go,come,return,move等词之后，如returntoschooltowards意为“朝，向”，只是说明运动的方向，没有“到达”之意，如walktowardsusinfrontof,inthefrontof

infrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外，反义词behind；inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内，反义短语“atthebackof”。例如：

Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.

Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.beside,nextto与nearBeside指“在......旁边/附近”，可等于near。Nextto表“紧挨着，紧靠着”。Comeandsitbeside/nearme.Theprettyboyisstandingnexttothewindow.inside与outsideinside在......里面outside在......外面三、词组归纳1、gostraighton一直向前2、liedown躺下来3、alldaylong整天的4、jumparound到处跳5、makepeoplelaugh6、cross（=go/walkacross）thebridge过桥7、lieonthegrass躺在草地上8、overthere在那边9、ontheleft/right在左/右边10、ontheleft/rightof……在……的左/右边onone’sleft/right在某人的左/右边11、walkpastthehouse走过那幢房子12、atthecornerof在…..拐弯处inthecorner在角落13、plentyoffood充足的食物四、句型归纳1、SunshineZooisnorthofSunshineMiddleSchool.2、Isitfarawayfromourschool?3、Gostraighton,andyou’llfindthePandaHouse.4、Turnleft,andtothewestoftheLion’sArea,you’llfindtheWorldofBirds.5、Theflowersareinfrontoftheshop.6、Myparentswillprepareplentyoffoodanddrinksforus.7、Wewillhaveabigdinnerat/in…8、Walkpastthehouse,turnleftandwalkalongthepathnexttotheriver.9、Thisisthewaytomyhome.易错题分析易错题分析语法部分：单项选择1.—

How

was

________

dinner

at

Sandy’s

house?

—

It

was

great.

Sandy’s

mum

is

______

excellent

cook.

A.

a,

theB.

the,

anC.

the,

theD.

a,

an

2.—What

do

you

think

of

______idea

of

taking

part

in

‘Earth

Hour’？—Wonderful!

I’ve

never

heard

of

______one!

We

can

reduce

pollution

in

this

way.

an;

the

better B.

the;

a

better C.

an;

a

better D.

the;

the

best3.---Who's_______womaninblue,doyouknow?---Oh,she's_______friendofAnna's.A.the;a B.an;the C.a;the D.the;an4.─HasTimgot______firstplaceintherace?─No,hehasn’t.Buthewillhave______secondtry.A.a;the B.the;the C.a,aD.the,a5.TheboyaskedhismotherwhetherFranceis______Europeancountry.A.an B./ C.a D.the6.—Doyouknow_______maninabrownsweateroverthere?—Yes.Heis________officeworkerofHaianHotel.A.an;aB.the;the C.a;the D.the;an7.Ifyoubuy________MP4playerinourstore,youcangetawatchfor________free.A.a;/B.an;theC.an;/ D.the;the【答案】BBADCDC1.Over10,000runnersjoinedahalfandaminimarathonsinXianlin,Nanjing________May7,2017.A.in B.on C.at D.by2.WhenIwalkedthesouthsideofthesquare，IhappenedtomeetourEnglishteacher.A.acrossB.aroundC.throughD.along3.Noraopenedthebox.Tohersurprise，______wasagoldwatch.A.outside B.inside C.beside D.behind4.WealllikewatchingtheTVprogrammeReaders_______Saturdayevening.A.inB.onC.at D.for5.Musicisabridge______theEastandtheWest.A.inB.atC.amongD.between6.—Areyouready?We’llgooutforapicnic____threeo’clock.—OK!I’mcoming.A.inB.afterC.forD.since7.FacebookisoneofthemostpopularwebsitesinBritain______overtwenty-fivemillionusers.A.of B.for C.with D.by8.It’snice____Tomtotellmethenewsbecauseit’sveryimportantme.for,of Bof,to C.for,to D.of,of9.Mostpeopleare______buildingapaperfactorynearhere.Theyareworriedthattheriverwillgetpolluted.A.for B.with C.against D.beyond10.Weliverighthere.Look!Myuncle’shouseis_________ours.A.inthefrontofB.infrontofC.atthebackofD.over11.Ilikethepictures_____thewall.A.onB.inC.atD.to【答案】BDBBDBCBCBA词汇句型部分：单项选择()1.Thereis______“u”and___________“l”intheword“umbrella”.A.a,a B.an,an C.a,an D.an,a()2.Thebusstopped______thetrafficlights.A.for B.on C.at D.in()3.Nobusescomepasthere.Hehasto_______there_______hisbicycle.A.goto,by B.go,by C.goto,on D.go,on()4._______thesecondturningontheright.A.Take B.Turn C.Walk D.Go()5.Wouldyoulike_______acupoftea?

A.drink

B.todrink

C.drinking

D.todrinking()6.Itmymotherhalfanhourtotheshoppingmall.A.spends;walking B.takes;towalkC.spends;towalkD.takes;walking()7.Wearelookingforward________afilmnextweek.A.tosee B.toseeing C.forseeing D.seeing()8.There_afashionshowinSunshineSecondarySchoolnextFridayevening.A.isgoingto B.willhave C.isgoingtohaveD.willbe()9.Youcangetthere_______.A.byunderground B.takeundergroundC.byanundergroundD.takeanunderground()10.Idon’tlikethisshirt.Wouldyoupleaseshowme_______one? A.other B.theother C.theothers D.another()11.Couldyoutellme________SunshineShoppingMall?A. thewayof B.howtogoC.thewayto D.howgoto()12.Why_______athomeandwatchTV?A.don’tstay B.notstaying C.don’tyoustayD.nottostay()13.There’s_______juiceinthekitchen.Pleasegoandbuysome.A.alittle B.few C.much D.little【答案】CCDABBBDADCCD二、词汇拼写1.Thereisalwaysmuch(交通)onthecityroads.2.Ourteachertoldusthat(声音)cannottravelasfastaslight.3.Jimsitsinthe(角)oftheclassroom,ontherightside.4.Iamluckytohaveabedroomofmy____________(我自己).5.Sunshineschoolis（西南）ofthepark6.I’mhappyto____________(邀请)youtoourparty.7.The(桥梁)makepeoplecrosstheriverseasily.8.Youcantakethe(第三)turningonyourright.9.Look!Who(躺)onthegrassoverthere?10.Thelightisred.Youcan't(过)theroad.11.Shanghaiistothe（东南）ofNanjing.12.It’seasytogetlostinthe（森林）,therearetoomanytalltreesinit.13.Wewereverytiredafterthelongbus（旅游）toYunnan.14.Theboywantstobea（国王）whenhegrowsup.15.Isthere（足够的）offoodinthefridge?16.Heoftenwalks(经过)myhousewhenhegoeshome.17.---Is_____________(人人)here?---No,Tomisillathome.18.It's(相当)coldinwinterinmyhometown.19._____________(长颈鹿)arelovelyandkindanimalswithlongnecks.20.Don't____________(忘记)tocallyourmother,sheisworryingaboutyou.21.Lindastayeduplateand_______（准备）herselfforthemathexamlastnight.22.Youneedtouseyourknowledge(知识)toopenthe(宝藏)box.23.____________(跟随)theteacherinclass,oryouwon’tbegoodatyourlessons.24.Walkpastthehouse,turnleft,walkalongthe（小路）neartheriver.25.Heisgoodattellingfunnystoriesandalwaysmakeshisgrandpa_________（大笑）happily.26.—Whatareyoulookingforwardto___________（得到）,Sandy?—AlovelyBarbie.27.Itis___________（危险）forthegirlstogooutatnightalone.28.The___________（树叶）turnyellowwhenautumncomes.29.Ifyouwanttogotothecinema,turnrightatthethird_____________（十字路口）30.Herearesomebeautifulskirtsof____________（他们的）.31.Weallhopetohavea_______（旅行）toNanjingsomeday.32.Mostofthebirdsgotothe(南部)tospendthecoldwinter.33.Please________（记住）totakeeverything.Maybewewillneedthemlater.34.Anoldfriendof_________(我的)iscomingtoseeme.35.Wefeelsorryforthoseanimalsin_______（笼子）．36.Justgo_______（径直）alongtheroadandyou'llseethebookshoponyourleft.37.Icanbuysome_______（明信片）intheshoppingmall.38.-Canyoutellmethewaytothe_______（银行）?-Yes,goalongthisstreetandyou'llfinditonyourright39.Look!Theoldmanis_______（穿过）theroad.40.-Whatdopandasliketoeat?-Theyliketoeat_______（竹子）.41.Whata_____________(有趣的)storyyoutold!We’dliketolistenagain.42.Takethefirst____________（转弯处）ontheleft,andyou’llfindthepostoffice.43.---Where’sthebox?---It’sunderth