人教版高考英语一轮复习讲义必修一　Unit5NelsonMandelaAModernHero

第一部分基础知识必修一Unit5NelsonMandela—AModernHero1.了解NelsonMandela的生平事迹，了解伟人所应具备的优秀品质，学习他们在艰苦的环境下为人类做贡献、不追求享乐的高尚精神，以提高自身素质。2.能用恰当的语言简单地描述人物，并简单地表达自己的意见。Whatarethequalitiesofagreatperson?Active,generous,selfless,devoted,hard－workingorwillingtohelpothers?Whatisyouropinion?SunYat－senfoundedthefirstRepublicbasedonthreeprinciples.Gandhifoughtforfreedominpeacefulways.Mandelaworkedasaneducatedlawyertoofferlegalguidancetothepoorblackpeopleintroubleoroutofwork.Hebelievedallarebornequalandeveryoneshouldn'tloseheart.Buttheblacksufferedcrueltyandterrorandevenreachedastagewheremanybeggedforfoodfromtheirrelatives.HesetupANCYouthLeague.Hewashopefulaboutequalrightsbutfailed.Hedecidedtoanswerviolencewithviolence.Asamatteroffact,heattackedthelawsandblewupgovernmentbuildings.In1962,hewassentencedtoprisonwherenoonecouldescapebuthecametopoweraspresidentin1994.Mostpeoplevotedforhim.AlsohewasrewardedwiththeNobelPeacePrize.1.qualityn.质量；品质；性质2.peacefuladj.和平的；平静的；安宁的3.devotevt.(与to连用)献身；专心于4.introuble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5.turnto求助于；致力于6.loseheart丧失勇气或信心1.你的看法是什么？Whatisyouropinion?2.但是黑人遭受的残忍和恐怖甚至到了不得不向亲戚们乞求食物来生存的阶段。Buttheblacksufferedcrueltyandterrorandevenreachedastagewheremanybeggedforfoodfromtheirrelatives.★meanadj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的★activeadj.积极的；活跃的★generousadj.慷慨的；大方的★foundvt.建立；建设★lawyern.律师★feen.费(会费、学费等)；酬金★outofwork失业★hopefuladj.怀有希望的；有希望的★stagen.舞台；阶段；时期★votevt.&vi.投票；选举n.投票★attackvt.进攻；攻击；抨击★asamatteroffact事实上★blowup使充气；爆炸★equaladj.相等的；平等的★willingadj.乐意的；自愿的★unfairadj.不公正的；不公平的★escapevi.逃脱；逃走；泄露★educatevt.教育；训练★etopower当权；上台★begvi.请求；乞求★relativen.亲戚；亲属★rewardn.报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏★setup设立；建立★sentencevt.判决；宣判★opinionn.意见；看法；主张★selfishadj.自私的★selflessadj.无私的；忘我的★selflesslyadv.无私地；忘我地★devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的★guidancen.指导；领导一、重点单词需牢记1.qualityn.质量；品质；性质adj.优质的besuperiorinquality质量好giveatasteofone'squality显显自己的本领beofgood/badquality好/坏的品质beofthebestquality最好的品质beofhigh/poorquality优质/劣质Thechangesofquantitycausethechangesofquality.量变引起质变。Thesweaterisofgoodquality.这件毛衣质地很好。qualificationn.资格，学历qualifiedadj.有资格的quality和quantityquality表示“质量”。和quality连用的动词有improve,judge；连用的形容词有poor，high，good,top等。quantity表示“数量”，常与large，small等词搭配。2.devotevt.(与to连用)献身；专心于devoteoneselfto献身于……；致力于……devote...to...把……奉献于……；把……专注于……devoteone'slifeto...把一生致力于/奉献于……Zaragozahasdevotedallhislifetothefieldofscience.Zaragoza把他的一生都献给了这一科学领域。devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的devotionn.关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚bedevotedto...专心于……；奉献于……类似于devote...to...的结构中to为介词的词组还有：objectto反对attendto办理；照顾；注意听lookforwardto期待beopposedto反对stickto坚持leadto导致payattentionto注意到berelatedto与……有关seeto负责……referto提到；指的是3.votevt.&vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决takeavoteon就……投票giveone'svoteto/for投赞成……的票votefor/against投票赞成/反对……votein/out选出/罢免某人Noteverybodyhasthevote.并不是每个人都有投票权。IgavemyvotetoMr.Wang.我把票投给了王先生。(2)用vote的适当形式填空①Hewontheelectionbecausehegotmost__votes__．②Tom__was__voted__inastheirnewchairman.votern.选民，投票人votingn.投票；选举4.attackvt.进攻；攻击；抨击makeanattackon/upon攻击，向……进攻openanattack开始进攻beattackedwith(adisease)患/害病haveanattackof(病情)发作Theplanesbegantheirattackonthecity.飞机开始攻击这个城市。Canthetownbesecuredagainstattack?能保护这个市镇不受攻击吗？5.equaladj.相等的；平等的vt.等于；比得上n．同等的人；相等物beequaltosth./doingsth.等于/胜任某物/做某事AequalsBin...A在……方面比得上B/与B相匹敌withoutequal无与伦比feelequalto[口]能胜任，有能力去做betheequaltoone'sword说到做到Apoundisroughlyequalto500grams.一磅约等于500克。Shedidnotfeelequaltoreceivingvisitors.她身体不适，不能接见客人。equalityn．平等equallyadv.相等地；同等地；均等地6.escapevi.逃脱；逃走；泄露n.逃脱escapefrom...从……逃脱；逃避escapedoing/beingdone逃避(被)做某事escapedeath＝anarrowescape死里逃生Wewereluckytoescapebeingpunished.我们很幸运，没有受罚。Thesoldierescapedfromtheenemy'sprison.这个士兵从敌人的监狱里逃了出来。Thethiefjumpedintoacarandmadehisescape.小偷跳上汽车逃走了。7.rewardn.报酬；奖金v．报答；奖赏asareward(for...)作为(对……的)报答givearewardtosb.forsth.为某事给某人报酬(或赏金)rewardsb.withsth.forsth.为某事用某物/事报答某人It'sarewardforvirtue.那是对美德的回报。Shewasrewardedforhereffortswithacashbonus.她因自己的努力而得到一笔奖金。名词动词award奖品，奖金意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配：awardsb.sth.＝awardsth.tosb.reward报酬，奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：rewardsb.for(doing)sth.【例8】用opinion相关短语的适当形式填空①我对此实在不能形成什么看法或意见。Ican't__form__any__idea__oropinionaboutit.②他请我对那些画提提意见。He__asked__my__opinion__ofthepictures.③我认为你的外套不值这么多钱。__In__my__opinion,__yournewcoatisnotworthsomuchmoney.8.opinionn.意见；看法；主张What'syouropinionoftheplan?你认为这项计划怎样？asktheopinionofsb.征求某人的意见formanopinionabout形成……的看法inone'sopinion就某人的观点看来Whatisyouropinionof...?＝Whatdoyouthinkof...?＝Howdoyoulike...?＝Howdoyoufind...?你觉得……怎么样？(用于询问对人或事物的喜欢程度、态度、看法等) 二、重点短语需精通1.outofwork失业Hewasoutofworkwhenthefactoryclosed.工厂倒闭后他失业了。outofemployment失业belaidoff被裁员，被解雇outofbusiness破产；歇业outofcontrol失控outofrepair失修outoforder有毛病outofdate过时outofone'sreach够不着outofdanger脱险outofquestion毫无疑问outofthequestion不可能的outofpatience失去耐心2.asamatteroffact事实上Asamatteroffact,Iwastheonewhodidit.其实，做这件事的就是我。infact＝inreality实际上，事实上Asamatteroffact,Iwasworkedout.事实上我已经筋疲力尽了。Everyonelikesthestranger,butinreality,heisacriminal.每个人都喜欢这位陌生人，但其实他是个罪犯。3.introuble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中Theboycausedalotoftroubletohisparents;hewasalwaysintrouble.这个男孩给他的父母招来很多麻烦，他甚为苦恼。askfor/lookfortrouble找麻烦maketrouble制造麻烦taketroubletodosth.费心做某事getintotrouble遇到麻烦havetrouble(in)doingsth.＝havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难save/sparetrouble省事getsb.into/outoftrouble使某人陷入或摆脱困境4.turnto翻到；转向；求助于；致力于；查询，咨询PleaseturntoPage40.请翻到40页。Followthemainroaduntilitbranches,andthenturntotheright.顺着这条大路走，在路的分岔口向右拐。However，whenitissomethingbeyondmypetence，Iturntomyclassmatesorteachersforhelp.但是当事情超出我的能力时，我向同学或老师求助。Wehavetoturntosomebiggerpaniesfortechnicalhelp.我们不得不向一些更大的公司寻求技术援助。5.loseheart丧失勇气或信心Don'tloseheart;youstillhavemorechances.别灰心，你还有更多的机会。loseone'sheartto爱上，喜欢heartandsoul全心全意breakone'sheart心碎putone'sheartinto把全部心思放在learn/knowbyheart记熟takeheart鼓起勇气，振作起来6.etopower当权；上台Assoonastheirpartycametopower，theychangedthelaw.他们的政党一上台，他们就开始修改法律。beinpower当权，执政take/seize/losepower掌握/夺取/失去权力(政权)within/beyondone'spower在权力范围之内/之外由einto＋名词可构成的短语：eintoaction开始行动eintofashion流行eintoeffect生效eintooffice就职7.setup设立；建立Howlongwillittaketosetuptheprojector?把这个放映机安放好需要多长时间？Anewgovernmentwassetupafterthewar.新政府于战后成立。setaboutdoingsth.开始做或处理；着手做……setouttodosth.开始做或处理；着手做……setaside留出/节省(时间或钱)；对……不予考虑setoff引爆；激发；出发；启程besetin...以……为背景，故事发生在……8.besentencedto被判处……(徒刑)Hewassentencedto10yearsinalabourcamp.他被判处劳动改造10年。Hehasbeensentencedtopayafineof$500.他被判罚款500美元。announcesentenceonsb.宣布对某人的判决besentencedtohardlabour被判服苦役besentencedtosixmonthsinprison被判处六个月监禁beunderthesentenceofdeath被判处死刑havesb.sentencedtodeath判某人死刑sentencesb.todeath判某人死刑receiveasentenceoftwoyears被判两年徒刑 三、重点句式能熟用1.IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.我第一次向一个(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时，心里很不好受。句中的thefirsttime用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。HewaswritingaletterthefirsttimeIsawhim.我第一次见到他时，他在写一封信。名词(短语)作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：themoment/theminute/theinstant＝assoonas一……就……everytime每次eachtime每当……nexttime下次……时lasttime上次……时anytime在任何时候bythetime到……为止2....onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence是倒装结构。当only修饰副词或其他状语置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。OnlyrecentlyhaveIthoughtofthem.直到最近我才想起他们。Onlyafterthelessondidshediscoverthatshehadlostherhandbag.下了课她才发现自己丢了手提包。Onlywhenthewarwasoverwasheabletoreturnhome.只有战争结束，他才能回家。 四、话题写作多积累训练五：写人物介绍人物介绍是高考中常见的书面表达形式之一，它主要是简单介绍某人的生平，从外貌到性格，从事迹到品质来进行描述。若作者语言基础扎实，就会写得有声有色。如果作者思想深刻，夹叙夹议，就会给人以教育和启迪。1.人物写作通常需要介绍人物的姓名、年龄、外貌、学历、经历、专业、爱好、特长、事迹、性格等多个方面，但英语写作需要严格按照写作要求来写，要包括所给的全部信息点，既不能遗漏，也不能随意添加。2.对题目所给的信息要进行适当重组，安排好写作顺序，突出重点信息。3.正确运用描写人物的词汇和句型。写作步骤：(1)Birthdayandbirthplace(2)Familybackground(3)Education(4)Bigeventsinhisorherlife(按时间顺序)(5)Evaluation评价1.Birthdayandbirthplacewas/werebornon...in...2.Familybackground1)apoor/richfamily,2)his(her)familywassopoorthat...,3)withthehelpofhisparents,4)hisfatherwasverystrictwithhim...,5)thesonofapoorfamily,6)whenhewasasmallboy,7)asachild,8)duringhis(her)childhood,9)spendhischildhoodin...,10)liveahappy(hard)life,11)aboyof153.Education1)graduatefrom...university,2)Whenatcollege,hemajoredin...,3)receiveadoctor'sdegree,4)bewelleducated,5)goabroadforfurtherstudies4.Bigeventsinhislife1)beinterestedin...,2)workhardat...,3)devotehislifetimeto...,4)doresearchabout/into...,5)befondof...,6)bestrictinsth.,7)havea．..wayofdoingsth.,8)tryone'sbesttodosth.，9)encouragesb.todosth.，10)fightfor，11)giveupone'slifeforsb./sth.,12)winaprizein..petition,13)begoodat5.Evaluation1)oneofthebest(mostimportant)．..,2)setagoodexampletosb.，3)amodelteacher,4)berespectedbyeveryone,5)singhighpraisefor...，speak(think)highlyof...,6)hishardworkbroughthimgreatsuccess,7)hisheroicstoryspreadalloverthecountry,8)remembersb.forever,9)behonoredas...,10)befamousas...,11)beregardedas...【例1】完成句子①他仔细检查家具的品质。Heexaminedthe__quality__of__the__furniturecarefully.②他具备了一个成功商人应具有的所有品质。Hehas__all__the__qualities__ofasuccessfulbusinessman.③这种新型号质量非常好，而且也不贵。Thisnewmodelis__of__high__quality__andisnotexpensiveeither.④他死了，留下大量未发表的作品。Hediedandleft__a__large__quantity__of__unpublishedworks.⑤毫无疑问，他能胜任这份工作。Thereisnodoubtthathe__is__qualified__for__thejob.quality用于指“商品”时，表示商品“质量”，通常用单数形式quality；表示“商品的性能”时一般用复数形式qualities。【例2】(1)完成句子①他全身心投入研究，没时间和我们过周末。__Devoted__tohisresearch，hesparednotimetospendaweekendwithus.②怀特夫人，我的一位忠实的朋友，献身于教学，她对孩子们的关爱使我们投票选了她。Mrs.White,a__devoted__friendofmine,devoted__herself__to__teaching__andher__devotion__tochildrenmadeusvoteforher.(2)单句改错①Janedevotedherlifetoprotectanimalsinthewildandachievedatect改为protecting②Thelawyerwassokindthathedevotedallhissparetimehehadhelpingthedisabled.had后加to【例3】(1)使用恰当的介词填空①我们开会对这个问题进行投票表决。Weholdameetingtotakeavote__on__theissue.②很少有人投票反对这项新政策。Fewpeoplevote__against__thenewpolicy.【例4】完成句子①敌人彻夜都在攻击我们的机场。Theenemy__attacked__ourairportallnight.＝Theenemy__made__an__attack__on__ourairportallnight.②州长因没履行一项竞选时的承诺而被新闻界抨击。Thegovernor__was__attacked__bythepressforfailingtokeepacampaignpromise.【例5】(1)完成句子①玛丽与比尔的智力不相上下。Mary__is__quite__equal__to__Billinbrains.②他能胜任管理办公室的工作。He__is__equal__to__runningtheoffice.(2)单句改错①Ihopethatheprovesequalinthechallenge.in改为to②Thoughsheisyoung，shehasnoequaltomusic.to改为inequal还可作“能胜任的，合适的”解，指有力量、勇气、能力等做某事，是表语形容词，与to连用，后接名词或动名词。【例6】完成句子①无论是谁触犯法律都避免不了受到处罚。Whoeverbreaksthelawwon't__escape__being__punished__．②这个士兵从敌人的监狱里逃了出来。Thesoldier__escaped__from__theenemy'sprison.③一旦钓住，鱼就没机会逃脱。Oncehooked，fish__have__no__chance__of__escape__．escape后接动词时要用动名词。escape的过去分词形式不是表示被动而是表示完成，如escapedprisoner意为“逃犯”。【例7】(1)完成句子①他总是认为公司会因为他的努力工作而奖赏他。Healwaysbelievedthatthepanywould__reward__him__for__hisefforts.②我送给他一本书来答谢他的帮助。Igavehimabook__in__reward__for__hishelp.＝I__rewarded__him__with__abookforhishelp.(2)用reward或者award完成句子莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖。在他的业余时间，他总是乐于帮助年轻作家，我们怎样才能报答他的好意呢？MoYan__was__awarded__theNobelPrizeinLiterature.Inhissparetime，hehasalwaysbeenreadytohelpyoungwriters.Howcanwe__reward__hiskindness?下面两句话的意思不同：Theyhavesoughttheopinionoftheworkersinthefactory.他们征求了厂内工人的意见。Theyhaveagoodopinionoftheworkersinthefactory.他们对这家工厂的工人评价高。【例1】用outof相关短语的适当形式填空①到此书出版时，它已经过时了。Itwasalready__out__of__date__bythetimeitwaspublished.②飞机失控，坠入大海。Theplanegot__out__of__control__andcrashedintothesea.③他上星期病得很重，但现在已脱离了危险。Hewasveryilllastweekbutisnow__out__of__danger__．④他的房子那时已破旧了。Hishousegot__out__of__repair__then.【例2】同义句转换他自称是足球明星，可事实上他球技平平。Heclaimstobeafootballstar.Asamatteroffact,heisjustanindifferentplayer.＝Heclaimstobeafootballstar,but__in__fact,__heisjustanindifferentplayer.＝Heclaimstobeafootballstar,but__in__reality,__heisjustanindifferentplayer.【例3】根据汉语提示完成句子①Heneveresexceptwhenheis__in__trouble__(有麻烦)．②Don'timaginethatyou'retheonlyperson__in__trouble__(不幸).③Theboy__got__into__trouble__(出事了)whenhelefthometoliveinLondon.④That'snoneofyourbusiness.Pleasedon't__ask__for/look__for__trouble__(找麻烦)．⑤Studentsgrowingupfromnurseryschooltocollege__have__trouble__(有困难)dealingwithrealities.【例4】观察句子，写出黑体部分的含义①HewastheoneIalwaysturnedtoforstrengthandsecurity.____求助于__②IfyouturntoPage40，youwillfindit.__翻到__③Moreandmorepeopleturntoputerscience.__从事于；致力于__④AsIclimbedoutofthecaratthehospitalandturnedtothankher，shesmiledandtoldmenottolosefaith.__转向__⑤Youshouldn'talwaysturntothedictionarywhenyoumeetnewwordsinreading.__查阅__【例5】完成句子①不要失去信心，一切都会好起来的。Don't__lose__heart,__allwillturnoutwell.②她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。She__lost__her__heart__to__ayoungsoldier.③这男孩背下了这首诗。Theboy__learned__thepoem__by__heart__.【例6】完成句子①据说这位新总统上台时会面临很多困难。Itissaidthatwhenthenewpresident__es__to__power,__hewillhavetofacemanydifficultproblems.②这届政府已执政两年。Thegovernmenthasbeen__in__power__fortwoyears.③要为医疗站筹集五千块钱是一项他们力不能胜的任务。Theraisingof5，000yuanfortheclinicwasatask__beyond__their__power__.④我父亲已丧失了工作能力。Myfatherhas__lost__his__powers__towork.【例7】用set的适当短语填空①Afund__will__be__set__up__(将设立)forthedeadmen'sfamilies.②He__set__aside__(放一边)hisownworkand__set__about__(着手)helpingme.③Shelistenedattentivelyand__set__down__(记下来)everywordhesaid.④Thenovel__is__set__in__(以……为背景)pre－warLondon.【例8】完成句子①一个凶手被判三年徒刑，另一个被判处死刑。Onemurdererwas__sentenced__to__threeyearsinprisonandtheotherwassentenced__to__death__．②那小偷被判5年监禁。Thethief__received__asentence__of__5yearsinprison.③法官宣判他服苦役。Thejudge__sentenced__him__to__do__hardlabour.【例1】完成句子①每当我在公园看到这位老人时他都在专注读报。__Each__time__Iseetheoldmaninthepark，heisabsorbedinreadingnewspapers.②下次我遇到他，我会告诉他这个消息的。__Next__time__Imeethim,I'lltellhimthenews.③这是我第一次通过考试。ThatisthefirsttimethatI__have__passed__(pass)theexam.Itwasthefirsttime(that)．..是固定句式，it也可换成this或that，first也可换成second，third等以表达不同的意义。Itwillbe/is＋thefirsttime(that)＋主语＋动词的现在完成时。Itwas＋thefirsttime(that)＋主语＋动词的过去完成时。【例2】完成句子①只有用上你全部的时间和精力，你才能把这项工作做好。__Only__with__all__your__time__and__energy__canyoudothisjobwell.②只有以这种方式我们才能学好英语。__Only__in__this__way__can__we__learnEnglishwell.③似乎只有一部分孩子明白。Onlysomeofthechildren__seemed__to__haveunderstoodit.④只有当他病情严重时他才住院。Onlywhenheisseriouslyill__does__he__everstayinhospital.only放于句首，修饰主语，句子不用倒装。如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。(2018届山东青岛质检)假设你是李华，是校英语俱乐部的成员。英语俱乐部下次交流的话题是MyHero，请你写一篇英语发言稿，介绍你班身残志坚的同学——王跃。内容包括：1.他不能正常地走路；2.他对待生活和学习的态度；3.你敬佩他的原因。注意：1．词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dearfriends,MynameisLiHua.Iwouldliketosharemyherowithyou,oneofmyclassmatesnamedWangYue.WhenWangYuewasborn,hesufferedfromararedisease,makinghimunabletowalknormally.However,WangYuestayspositiveaboutlife.Heworkshardathislessonsandhisambitionistobeeascientist.WangYueismyherobecausehenevergivesuphisdreamalthoughhehasaphysicaldisability.Hisexampleinspiresustotryourbesttomakeourdreametrue.That'sall.Thankyou.【构思】体裁记叙文话题人物介绍时态一般现在时和一般过去时人称第三人称【重点词组】1.与某人分享share...withsb.2.遭受；患有sufferfrom3.结果asaresult4.对……保持乐观be/staypositiveabout5.努力学习……workhardat...6.放弃梦想giveupone'sdream7.尽全力tryone'sbest8.使梦想成真makeone'sdreametrue【句子升级】1.Iwouldliketosharemyherowithyou，andheisoneofmyclassmatesnamedWangYue.(用名词短语作同位语改写句子)Iwouldliketosharemyherowithyou，oneofmyclassmatesnamedWangYue.2．WhenWangYuewasborn,hesufferedfromararedisease，whichmadehimunabletowalknormally.(用现在分词短语作结果状语改写句子)WhenWangYuewasborn,hesufferedfromararedisease,makinghimunabletowalknormally.考向一在短文改错中设题(2017全国卷Ⅱ)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.【答案】that改为which考查定语从句。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，缺少主语，指前面的garden，应该使用which。考向二在阅读理解中考查“名人”话题(2016全国卷Ⅰ，A)YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860—1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofmunity(社区)bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931，AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907—1964)Ifitweren'tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld'slakesandoceans.SandraDayO'Connor(1930—present)WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(参议员)and，in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU．S.SupremeCourt.O'Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913—2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil－rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredIgivingin，”saidParks.1.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A.Hersocialwork.B.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.C.Hereffortstowinaprize. D.Hermunitybackground.2.WhatisthereasonforO'Connor'sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.3.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil－rightsmovementintheUS?A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO'Connor.D.RosaParks.4.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace－lovers. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几位著名的女性，她们都为人类的进步做出了很大的贡献。1.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话可知她是一个社会工作者，而且获得了诺贝尔和平奖。2.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman可知，她因为自己是女性而被法律公司拒绝录用。3.D细节理解题。根据末段倒数第二句中andkickedoffthecivil－rightsmovement可知，RosaParks对民权运动做出了贡献。故选D。4.C推理判断题。根据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱。故选C。计策1：看标点，确定定语从句的类型计策2：that不能引导非限制性定语从句计策1：多读名人传记古人说：少年养志。如何养志，通过读名人传记是一个很好的方法。名人传记的故事都来源于现实，可以让我们对现实社会有一个正确的认识和了解，有利于培养个人的正确价值观，也能帮助我们树立远大的志向。在选择读书的时候，也要注意选择好的版本和有学习价值的人物。计策2：通过专有名词定位重要信息每篇文章不论长短都有其中心思想，用以支持和发展中心思想的具体信息就是命题时的重要依据。答题时要围绕中心思想，特别留意阅读材料中的有关数字、时间、专有名词、原因和特点等具体信息。题干中的标识语是从阅读材料中快速寻找答题依据的“路标”。计策3：找关键词理清语篇陈述的基本事实，可以按时间顺序逐一整理，把握文章主角的人生经历。一般来说，可以按照下面要素去归纳整理，即什么人、在什么时候、什么地方、做了什么事、体现了他什么品格、作者有什么评价、这事产生了什么影响、对我们有什么启迪。这一过程是解答阅读题的基础，也是关键，也是将文章串联起来的重要关键词。一、词汇拓展1.qualityn.质量；品质；性质adj.优良的，高级的→__qualified__adj.有资格的→__qualification__n.资格，限制，条件2.meanadj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的v.意欲；打算→__meaning__n．意义→__meaningful__adj.有意义的→__meaningless__adj.没有意义的3.activeadj.积极的；活跃的→__actively__adv.积极地，主动地；活跃地4.generousadj.慷慨的；大方的→__generously__adv.慷慨地→__generosity__n.慷慨，大方5.selfn.自我；自身→__selfish__adj.自私的→__selfless__adj.无私的；忘我的→__selflessly__adv.无私地；忘我地6.devotevt.献身；专心于→__devoted__adj.忠实的；深爱的→__devotion__n.热爱；投入7.foundvt.建立；建设→__founder__n.创立者，奠基者8.peacen.和平；和睦→__peaceful__adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→__peacefully__adv.和平地9.lawn.法律→__lawyer__n.律师10.guidev.指导；管理→__guidance__n.指导；领导→__guideline__n.指导方针；参考11.legaladj.法律的；依照法律的→__illegal__adj.非法的，违法的12.hopefuladj.怀有希望的；有希望的→__hopefully__adv.怀有希望地→__hopeless__adj.没有希望的13.votevt.&vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决→__voter__n.选民14.violencen.暴力；暴行→__violent__adj.暴力的，猛烈的15.willingadj.乐意的；自愿的→__unwilling__adj.不情愿的16.fairadj.公正的；公平的→__unfair__adj.不公正的；不公平的→__fairly__adv.相当17.educatevt.教育；训练→__educated__adj.受过教育的；有教养的→__education__n.教育→__educator__n.教育工作者，教育家18.begvi.请求；乞求→__beggar__n.乞丐19.relativen.亲戚；亲属→__relation__n.关系→__related__adj.相关的20.terrorn.恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期→__terrorist__n.恐怖分子→__terrible__adj.可怕的21.crueladj.残忍；残酷→__cruelty__n.残忍；残酷二、单句语法填空1.Itwas__generous__(generosity)ofyoutogivemeahandwithmyEnglish.2.Your__relatives__(relative)arethemembersofyourfamily.3.Twooftheprisonershave__escaped__(escape)．4.Youshouldn'tthinkonlyaboutyourownneeds.It'stoo__selfish__(self)．5.Someofthegamesarefullof__violence__(violent).Toomuchfightingisnotgoodforyoungkidstoplay.6.Youngpeopleshould__be__educated__(educate)inhowtoprotectnature.7.Theofficialorderedtheprisoners__be__sentenced__(sentence)todeathrightaway.8.Lotsof__heroes__(hero)losttheirlivesinfightingwiththefire.9.Manyyoungpeopleare__willing__(will)tobevolunteersinhelpingthoseinpoorareas.10.Hestudiedlawinhis__youth__(young),andlater,hebecamealawyer.11.Theoldman__rewarded__(reward)theboywithasmileforhelpinghim.12.He__equals__(equal)meinstrengthbutnotinintelligence.三、用短语的适当形式填空1.Thesuddenheavysnow__stopped__them__from__gettinghomeasearlyasexpected.2.Hisglassesfelldowntothegroundandbroke__into__pieces．3.Don't__worry__about__herhealth;Ithinkshewilltakegoodcareofherself.4.Ijustcan'tunderstandwhysheis__out__of__work__again.5.Youcan't__lose__heart__infaceofanydifficulty.6.Boysandgirls,let'sdoourbesttohelpthose__in__trouble__．7.Itisreportedthatthenewpresidentwill__e__to__power__nextmonth.8.Itissaidthatanewfactorywillbe__set__up__inmyhometown.9.Themurdererwill__be__sentenced__to__death__forkillingafewgirls.10.Thethiefwill__b