2023年中考英语二轮复习课件 基础知识

英语基础知识构词法派生法：fortune（n.）命运→fortunate（adj.）幸运的→misfortune（n.）不幸合成法：class（n.）班级+room（n.）房间→classroom（n.）教室转化法：patient（adj.）有耐心的（n.）病人后缀前缀前缀决定方向，后缀决定词性英语基础知识第一节

句子成分第二节

句子种类第一节

句子成分句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补足语、同位语主语Manystudentsmanagedtofinishthetask.Hegaveapieceofcandytothelittlegirl.Twentywilltakepartintheactivity.Tosayiseasybuttodoishard.Doingmorningexercisesdoesusalotofgood.Whattheman

saidwascorrect.名词短语代词数词不定式动名词短语从句特点：位于谓语动词前，一般在句首谓语Ilikemusic.Helikesmusic.Theylikemusic.Thehero’sstorymovedusdeeply.Weweremovedbythehero’sstorydeeply.Iwillgotothecinematomorrow.一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时特点：有时态、语态变化，主谓一致谓语一般现在时He

(enjoy)thesongs.I

(see)theflagonthetopofthehill.They

(speak)Englishwell.一般过去时They

(look)fortwoapples.I

(have)funreadingEnglishnovels.enjoysseespeaklookedhad谓语简单谓语：由动词或动词词组构成Wegotothecinema.Thedollbelongstohim.复合谓语：情态动词/助动词+动词HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tlikedancing.考点：阅读理解划分句子成分方法谓语动词第三人称单数：一般情况下，直接加srun-runs以s，x，ch，sh，o结尾加esmiss-missesfix-fixesfinish-finishesdo-doeswatch-watches辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i加esfly-flies不规则变化have-hasbe-is元音字母加y，直接加splay-plays谓语动词ing形式：一般加ingcheck-checking不发音e结尾，去e加inghope-hoping辅+元+辅，双写辅音字母加ingstop-stoppingie结尾，改ie为y加inglie-lyingdie-dyingic结尾，加k再加ingpanic-panickingpicnic-picnicking谓语过去式：一般加edwash-washedwork-worked不发音e结尾，直接加dclose-closedlike-liked辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i加edstudy-studied元音字母加y结尾，直接加edobey-obeyedplay-played辅+元+辅，双写辅音字母加edplan-plannedstop-stopped不规则变形，看不规则动词表宾语IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Ihopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?Areyouafraidofsnake?名词人称代词动名词不定式从句名词特点：在及物动词或介词后宾语双宾语Theteacherwillsendme

aletter.

间接宾语

直接宾语口诀：直宾物，间宾人宾语双宾语Theteacherwillsendme

aletter.

间接宾语

直接宾语=Theteacherwillsendalettertome.

直接宾语

间接宾语间接宾语位于直接宾语后面，需要中间加介词，一般为to或for(1)找出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?

③PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④

Showyourpassport,please.⑤Theoldmansaidhewasill.表语Heisateacher.Youdon’tlookit.Fiveandfiveisten.Heisasleep.Everyoneishere.Mywatchisgone.名词代词数词形容词副词分词特点：位于系动词后，表示主语状态和性质表语Whatis系动词？（1）be动词：am，is，are，was，were（2）感官动词：look，smell，sound，taste，feel（3）变化动词：become，get，go，grow，turn（+adj.译为“变得”）表语Whatis系动词？（4）保持：keep，stay，remain（+adj.译为“保持”）（5）无实义动词：seem，prove，appear（+adj.无实际含义，功能类比be动词，译为“是”）(2)找出下列句中的表语①

Ourdutyistomakeourenvironmentbetter②

Thepatientisoutofdanger.③

Heisateacherwhilehislittlebrotherisstillajuniormiddleschoolstudent.④

Whathewantedtosuggestistocutdownthepriceandincreasethesales.⑤

Thatremainsapuzzletome.表语下面红色部分，哪些是表语，哪些是宾语？Hehatesbananas.Itsoundsagoodidea.Iamagoodplayernow.Hedoesn’tunderstandwomenatall.Imovedfrombehindmydesktositbesideher.宾语表语表语宾语表语在系动词后，宾语在及物动词或介词后宾语定语汉语：美丽的花园Sheisachemistryteacher.Webelongtothethirdworld.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Putthechildinthesleepingbag.......的名词数词形容词动名词特点：修饰名词定语HismothertongueisSpanish.Myhometownisnotfarfromhere.Thesingerhasasweetvoice.Thetallboywithglassesismyboyfriend.Mybossusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattend.单个词，短，前置定语多个词，长，后置定语(3)找出下列句中的定语①Themanstandingbythewindowsisourteacher.②Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.③Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen④Abeautifulgirlisrunningtous.⑤

Threreisanewbucket状语Younginyears,heisoldinexperience.Ifindyouhavebeendownlately.Youcan’ttakephotosinthemuseum.Givenmorechance,shewon’tletyoudown.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.形容词短语副词介词短语过去分词短语不定式状语Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.修饰动词studyTheladyoverthereisextremelybeautiful.修饰形容词beautifulUnfortunately,hewasinjuredinthecaraccident.修饰句子hewasinjuredinthecaraccident特点：修饰动词、形容词、句子，一般为ly结尾副词居多(5)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.补语主语补足语HewasappointedpresidentoftheStudentUnion.Themachinewasfoundoutoforder.宾语补足语Iconsideritwisetorefusethecooperation.Youshouldmakeyourviewsknown.名词短语介词短语形容词过去分词HeispresidentoftheStudentUnionthemachineisoutoforderitiswiseyourviewsareknown特点：说明主语或宾语身份、性质、特征、状态等(4)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.同位语汉语：我，一位来自英语专业的男老师，在教授英语课程。I，amaleteachermajoringinEnglish,amteachingEnglish.IamteachingEnglish.同位语去掉不影响句子成分同位语Youmayleavetheworktousboth.代词做us同位语，us为宾语Heisaman,doctor.名词做aman同位语，aman为表语Youtwoshouldkeepquiet.数词做You同位语，You为主语特点：对主语、宾语、表语进行补充说明us=bothaman=doctorYou=two第二节

句子种类按句子结构划分：简单句并列句复合句简单句（五大基本句型）一、主语+谓语Shecame.Ilaugh.二、主语+谓语+宾语Nobodycouldanswerthequestion.ShelikesEnglish.谓语为不及物动词谓语为及物动词简单句（五大基本句型）三、主语+谓语（系动词）+表语Sheishappy.Allthetouristsseemhappy.Thequestionsremaintobeunsolved.表语在系动词后，宾语在及物动词或介词后简单句（五大基本句型）四、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语IboughtLilyapresent.MarylentMichaelherdictionary.五、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Icallhimmonitor.Workerspaintedthewallblue.共同点：都是在谓语动词后有多个词如何判断动词后为双宾还是宾语宾补？简单句（五大基本句型）如何判断动词后为双宾还是宾语宾补？IboughtLilyapresent.Workerspaintedthewallblue.如果动词后两个词中间可以加上be动词，为宾语宾补；否则为双宾结构Lilyisapresent.Thewallisblue.×√1.Theyworkhard.

2.Thatbirdisdead.

3.Plantsneedwater.

4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.5.Sheaskedmetocomebacksoon.6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.

练习1：试判断以下句子的句型主+谓主+系+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓主+谓+宾+宾补并列句Hersonisapainterandherdaughterisadancer.简单句（主系表）

并列连词

简单句（主系表）特点：两个简单句中间用并列连词连接并列句Helikespaintingandshelikesreading.Notonlyisheadoctorbutalsoheisateacher.Neithertheteachernorthestudentsknewtheanswertothedifficultquestion.联合并列句：and和，notonly...but(also)...不仅......而且......，neither...nor...既不......也不......并列句Youcandoityourselforyoucanasksomeoneelsetohelp.EithersheorKategoestovisittheGreatWall.选择并列句：or或者，either...or...要么......要么......并列句Hecouldn’tfindhispen,sohewroteinpencil.Ididn’tgotothepartylastnight,forIhadanimportantmeetingthisevening.因果并列句：so因此，for因为原因结果结果原因并列句Welovepeacebutwearen’tafraidofwar.Heworkedhard,yethefailed.Thereisplentyofraininthesoutheast,whilethereislittleinthenorthwest.转折并列句：but但是，yet但是，while然而1.—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithme?

—I’dloveto,_____Ican’t.Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.

A.but

B.and

C.or

D.so2.

Workhard,_______youwillpassthedrivingtest.

A.or

B.but

C.because

D.and练习：在以下选项中选择正确答案AD3.Thereisalotoftrafficinthiscity,_____lookbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet.

A.but

B.so

C.or

D.however4.Callataxi,_______youwillmissthetrain.

A.and

B.though

C.because

D.or5.Thedoctorstriedtheirbesttosavethepatient’slife,_____theyfailed.

A.but

B.for

C.or

D.andDAB复合句Thisismyfriend

whoisgoodatplayingtheviolin.

主句

连词

从句特点：一个主句和一个和一个以上从句构成，中间有连词复合句复合句定语从句名词性从句状语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句第二节

句子种类按句子功能划分：陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句存在句陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句肯定陈述句：Icookedfishsoupthedaybeforeyesterday.He

(go)toShanghaithedayaftertomorrow.She

(have)onlybeentothelibrarythreetimes.They

(choose)torejecttheofferseveraldaysago.特点：陈述事实，句末为句号注意主谓一致willgohaschose陈述句否定陈述句：(将下面句子变成否定句)Heisplayingtabletennis.Wecangettherebeforedark.Shehaspassedherdrivinglicense.Heisnotplayingtabletennis.Wecannotgettherebeforedark.Shehasnotpassedherdrivinglicense.谓语部分有be动词、助动词和情态动词时候，在其后加not陈述句否定陈述句：(将下面句子变成否定句)HeplaysTaijiquanwell.Shewonthegame.Catsneedtobetakenoutforawalkeveryday.Hedoesn’tplayTaijiquanwell.Shedidn’twinthegame.Catsdoesn’tneedtobetakenoutforawalkeveryday.谓语部分为实义动词，在前面加didn’t，doesn’t或don’t，动词改为原形，注意主谓一致陈述句否定陈述句：(将下面句子变成否定句)Thereissomewaterinthecup.Hehassomebooks.Thereisnotanywaterinthecup.Hehasnotanybooks.therebe结构或谓语动词为has/have，在后面加not，如果有some改为any陈述句否定陈述句：表示否定意义的词可以构成否定句：few很少，little很少，no没有，never从不，hardly几乎不，seldom很少，nothing没有什么，too...to...太......而不能......，not...atall一点也不，not...anylonger/anymore不再，nobody没有人TheseboyshavelittleinterestinEnglish.Therearefewapplesonthetable.little加不可数名词，few加可数名词疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句判断下面句子哪个是一般疑问句，哪个是特殊疑问句？Ishecookinginthekitchen?Whereisthelibrary?一般疑问句特殊疑问句特点：一般疑问句可以用yes和no回答，特殊疑问句不可以一般疑问句Isheinthereadingroom?be动词+主语+表语

（+其他）Canyoufinishtheworkalone?情态动词+主语+动词

（+其他）Doeshewanttogowithus?助动词+主语+动词

（+其他）特殊疑问句Whichoneismyseat?WhatdoyouoftendoonWednesdays?Wheredoyouwanttogo？WhenistheChildren’sDay?Whoisthewinner?Whydoyoulikeplayingfootball?Whosebagisit?Whomdidyouseeatthepartylastnight?Howcanwegettothehotel?特点：由疑问词（wh-或how）开头，不能用yes或no回答特殊疑问句Wheredoyouwanttogo？Whydoyoulikeplayingfootball?Whomdidyouseeatthepartylastnight?Howcanwegettothehotel?疑问词+一般疑问句WhenistheChildren’sDay?Whoisthewinner?WhatdoyouoftendoonWednesdays?疑问词+动词+其他Whichoneismyseat?Whosebagisit?疑问词+主语+动词+其他

特殊疑问句常见疑问词复习：where哪里when什么时候which哪一个who谁whose谁的why为什么what什么whattime什么时候whatcolor什么颜色

whatday星期几特殊疑问句常见疑问词复习：whatdate什么日期whatkindof哪种类型whatdoyouthinkof=howdoyoulike你认为......怎么样whynot=whydon’tyou...为什么不......how怎么