4(SK)形容词和副词-专升本英语语法

adj&adv形容词和副词Generalrevisionforgrammar概念 形容词用于修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、

状态和特征。

副词是用来说明动作或状态的特征,说明时间，地点，程度等概念。它用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或句子。定语表语宾补状语adj形容词用于修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的属性或特征等√√√√adv副词是用来说明动作或状态的特征,说明时间，地点，程度等概念。它用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或句子。√√√√形容词的用法及位置adj作定语p42前置定语Adifficultsituation,efficientapproach|way2. 后置定语:1）修饰不定代词:something,anything,nothing,everythingNothingserious,anythingspecial2)某些a-开首的形容词:afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,ashamed,awake,awareHeistheonlymanalive.adj作表语P401)用在be之后.Theyarecapableofdoingthejob.2)相当于be的动词之后：appear,seem,come,cook,die,fall,keep,lay,prove,remain,run,look,smell,taste,sound,feel,go,get,grow,become,

turn…remaincalm,gohungry,fallasleep,cometrue,appeareffective,dieyoung只用作表语的形容词：well,ill,content,fond,glad,likely,ready,sorry,sureHeislikelytoseemetoday.Thisisapossiblesolution.Theboyisill/sick.Thesickboyislyinginbed.illnews,illwind,illluckadj作宾补Youkeeptheclassroomclean.Leavemealone,please.Ifindthebookveryinteresting.adj作状语Shecamehomesick.（伴随状语）Hewenttobed,coldandhungryandexhausted.(结果状语)Eagertoseeherfriends,shetookataxihomeratherthanrideabike.(原因状语)常用的顺序为：限定词（these,those)+数量形容词（three）+描绘性形容词（beautiful）+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词（large,long,high）+新旧（new）+颜色（blue）+国籍（Chinese）+材料（wood）+用途(writing)+被修饰名词（desk）P42限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老；颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。（县官行令宴国才）all

theselast

fewdays最近的这些日子Alight

blue

silkskirt一件浅蓝色丝裙thefirst/lasttwoparagraphs最前/最后两段anotherthreeEnglishbooks另外三本英语书somebeautifullittleflowersanoldbrownwoolencarpet副词的用法及位置adv.作定语：主要为表示时间或点的副词：here,there,in,out,up,down,below,above,upstairs,downstairs,now,then等，这些副词做定语时应后置。Iboughtsomethingtodrinkonmywayhome.Allthecommodities(日用百货)herearemadeinShanghai.Itisquitefinetoday.theairhereisfresh.adv.作表语

主要指主语的方位、方向、动作情况。常见的副词有：on,in,up,down,out,off,back,away,over等Thefireison.We'llbehomeattentonight..adv.作状语：可以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语或全句。Theroomisquite

smallanddark.（修饰形容词）Heworkedouttheproblemveryeasily.（修饰副词）Hegotonthattrainfortunately.Fortunately,hegotonthattrain.（修饰全句）beautifulbeautifullyseriousseriouslyadj&adv?

Shealwayslooks___________.(美丽）Sheisalwaysdressed____________(美丽) Hehasgota___________(严重)illness.Heis______________（严重）ill.widelybadlygreatveryEnglishisa__________(wide)usedlanguage.Thissoldierwas________(bad)wounded.great/veryThispaintingisof________value.Thispaintingis_______valuable.Thismeetingisof.(important)1.Youcan’tsitonthisnewlyboughtchair___.A.comfortB.comfortableC.comfortablyD.withcomfortable2.Theappletastes_____andsells___.A.well;wellB.good;goodC.good;wellD.well;good3.Youranswersounds_____.A.correctB.correctlyC.correctnessD.correctingCCA4.Therewasa____talkbetweenthetwoteamslastweek.A.friendB.friendshipC.friendlyD.warmly5.Atthemeeting,theykept____allthetime.A.silentB.silenceC.quietlyD.silencely6.Theyalllooked_____atthemistakesandfeltquite_____.A.sad;sadB.sadly;sadlyC.sad;sadlyD.sadly;sadCADlively,lonely,deadly,silly,orderly,timely,costly,brotherly7.—Mum,IthinkI’m__togetbacktoschool.--Notreally,mydear.You’dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.A.sowellB.sogoodC.wellenoughD.goodenoughC8.wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining____.A.badlyB.hardlyC.stronglyD.heavilyD9.Johnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyes____.A.openB.tobeopenedC.toopenD.openingA10.(02北京)Itwasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfeltcold,soshestood_____tohermother.A.closeB.closelyC.closedD.closing

A11.(03北京，春)---Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.---Youcanneverbe___carefulinthestreet.A.muchB.veryC.soD.tooDcannot(never)too…怎么…也不为过12.(NMET00’)It’salwaysdifficultbeinginaforeigncountry,____ifyoudon’tspeakthelanguage.A.extremelyB.naturallyC.basicallyD.especially13.(01北京春)Inthatcase,thereisnothingyoucando___thanwait.A.moreB.otherC.betterD.anyDBotherthan除了

14.(NMET2004全国)Idon’tmindpickingupyourthingsfromthestore.____,thewalkwilldomegood.A.SoonerorlaterB.StillC.IntimeD.BesidesD15.(2004上海)Mostpeopleonthisislandarerecreationalfishers,and_____,fishingformsanactualpartoftheirleisuretime.A.accidentallyB.purposefullyC.obviouslyD.formallyC16.(NMET2004天津)MrSmithusedtosmoke___buthehasgivenitup.A.seriouslyB.heavilyC.badlyD.hardlyB17.(2004湖南)Everyonewasontimeforthemeeting____Chris,who’susuallytenminuteslateforeverything.A.butB.onlyC.evenD.yetC18.(NMET2003全国)Alienhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas____tocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuchA形容词、副词比较等级的用法形容词和副词的比较等级原级1.肯定as(adv.)

＋

adj./adv.

原级

＋

as(conj.)2.否定notas(so)

＋

adj./adv.

原级

＋

as3.倍数倍数

＋

as＋

adj./adv.

原级

＋

as1.Mr.SunspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.2.Thisbuildinglooksnotso(as)highasthatone.3.Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.原级比较级最高级much/manyill/bad/badlylittle

moremostworseworstlessleast比较级1.构成形式-ermore注意不规则变化

good/well

farbetterbestfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest误moreandmorebetter正

betterandbetter2.用法A.

表示一方超过另一方“比较级

＋

than”B.

表示一方不及另一方“less

＋原级

＋

than”C.

表示越来越…“比较级＋and

＋比较级

”D.

表示越…

越…“the＋比较级

…

,the＋

比较级

…”E.

表示倍数“倍数＋比较级

＋

than

”3.可以修饰比较级的副词或副词短语。even,much,still,abit,(quite)alittle,far,etc.注意：very修饰原级，much修饰比较级，修饰动词用much或verymuch.2.as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词p45Thebuildingisastall

as

100meters.=Thebuildingis100meters

tall.Thewellisas

deep

as

130meters.=Thewellis130meters

deep.Johnisthetallestboyintheclass,astall

as

fivefootheightaccordingtohimself.(2005,安徽）3.看似同等程度比较结构的一些固定习惯用语。aslongas只要，有…之久asfaras到…地点，就…而言asfarasi'mconcerned,.....assoonas

一…就aswellas既…又asgoodas(=verynearly)与…几乎一样，几乎，简直Iwillworkas(so)longasIlive.只要活着，我就要工作。Theaveragecostofonedayinahospitalinthatcountrycanrunashighas$400.（高达）二、比较级1.比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句），alot,alittle,agreatdeal,byfar,abit,threetimes等。Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.Acarrunsagreatdealfasterthanabike.byfar通常用于修饰最高级。若修饰比较级，常放在比较级之后，若放在前面，其后应接“the+比较级”结构。Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.Heisbyfarthetallestofalltheboys.Heisbyfar

the

tallerofthetwoboys.2.“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”

表示“越……,越……”Themoreticketsyousell,themoremoneyyouwillget.Themoreyoutalked,thelessattentionhepaidtoyou.Thelongeryoustay,thebetter(itwillbe).3.比较级+and+比较级“越来越……”Thenewcityisbecomingmoreand

morebeautiful.4.the+taller（比较级）+ofthetwo+名词

表示“两个中较……的”Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.5.用介词by表示相差的程度。SheistallerthanIbythreeinches.=SheisthreeinchestallerthanI.Imissedthelasttrainbyoneminute.4.同一个人或事物的两种性质的比较，用more…than…结构。P47more…than后跟形容词、副词、动词、名词等，一般情况下，要求more后部分和than后部分词类相同，但偶尔也有例外。表示“与其说……不如说、是……不是”等。例如：Heismoredeadthanalive.与其说他还活在人世，不如说他是行尸走肉。Sheismoreshythanunsocial.她是害羞而不是不爱交际。Sheismoreasingerthananactress.与其说她是个演员，不如说是个歌唱家。Theboyismorediligentthanclever.与其说这男孩聪明，不如说他勤奋。Dogsbarkmoreforcustomthanfierceness.狗叫主要是因为习惯，而不是生性凶狂。5.比较的对象不能相互包容，常见句型是：1）比较级+than+anyother+单数名词2）比较级+than+all

(the)other+复数名词3）比较级+than+anyoneelse4）比较级+than+anyoftheother+复数名词5）比较级+than+therest

of+复数名词或不可数名词.ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.TheMississippiRiverislongerthananyotherriver

intheUnitedStates.ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.Heistallerthananyoftheothersinhisclass.Heistallerthananyoneelseinhisclass.Heistallerthantheothersinhisclass.Heistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.四、几组易混形容词、副词的比较1.toomuch,muchtootoomuch所要表达的是much（多）的意思；

muchtoo所要表达的是too（太）的意思。Theteachergaveustoomuchhomeworktoday.Iammuch

toopleasedtoseeyou.2.so,suchso作为副词，修饰形容词、副词；such作为形容词，修饰名词。但如果such修饰的是单数可数名词，且该名词又被其他形容词所修饰，即“such+a/an+形容词+单数名词”可转换为“so+形容词+a/an+单数名词”Heissuchagoodteacherthatwealllikehim.=Heissogoodateacherthatwealllikehim.当名词被many,much,few,little（注意：little作“少”，不作“小”讲）修饰时，应用so,即：somany/much/few/little+名词Whenlearningtorideabicycle,hegotsomany

fallsthathewasblackandblueallover.3.common,usual,normal,ordinarycommon表示“普通的，随时会发生或随处可见的，共同的”，与rare“罕见的，珍稀的”相反。usual表示“customary”,即“惯常的，通常的，符合习惯的”；normal与norm（规范，标准）同源，意为“符合标准的，正常的，正规的”；ordinary与special（特殊的）相反，意为“普通的，一般的，不特殊的”。Yesterdayhegotupearlierthanusual,foritwasnotanordinarydayforhimDon’ttellmeaboutthat!Itisacommonsense.Whatisthenormalbodytemperature?4.slight,weak,tender,softweak身体弱，无力气的，容易被击败的，功能不佳的，无说服力的slight不严重的，轻微的，细长的tender脆弱的，心肠软的，温和的，文雅的，（肉）嫩的，柔软的soft软的，光滑柔软的，（光线、色彩）柔和的，（风）温和的，（声音）轻柔的，有同情心的，缺乏勇气的5.well,healthy两个词都可理解为“身体好”，但是well常表示短期的或暂时的身体状态，healthy表示较长时间的身体状态。--Areyoufeelingwell?---No,I’mnotfeelingwellnow.Theyarehealthychildren.6.fairly与rather1)不定冠词a可放在rather前或后，但只能放在fairly前。a

fairlygoodstorya

rathercoldday/rather

acoldday2)rather通常含有“不适当”之意，而fairly通常含有“适当”之意。It’sfairlywarminspring.It’srathercoldtoday.3)rather可以和-ed形式、比较级或too连用，而fairly不能。Mybrotherisratherbettertoday.Thisbookisrather

toodifficultforthejuniorsbut

rather

tooeasyfortheseniors.7.具有两种形式的副词英语中有的副词兼有两种形式：一种是与形容词同形；另一种是在该形容词后面加副词词缀-ly构成。这两种形式的副词在词义上和用法上有一定的差异，有的甚至完全不同。firm稳固地firmly坚固地direct径直地directly恰好，直接，坦率地free自由地、免费地freely自由自在地flat平淡地flatly直截了当地short突然（=suddenly）shortly不久even甚至evenly平均地clean完全地、径直地cleanly清洁地clear隔开、不接触clearly清晰地，明显地close近closely紧密地、接近地easy安适地easily容易地dead突然地，完全地deadly死一般地、非常

fair公平地，正直地fairly相当地hard努力地hardly几乎没有、几乎不most最mostly重要地right直接地，径直地、立即rightly公正地、合理地、正确地(2)否定词not可放在nearly之前，构成notnearly的结构，意为“一点儿也不，相差甚远”，但没有notalmost的结构。Sheisnotnearlyasprettyashersister.（她一点儿也没有她妹妹漂亮。）（3）almost和nearly都可用于表示极端之意的形容词前，但却不能用于修饰不具有极端之意的形容词。Thatisanalmost/anearlyperfectplan.那几乎是完美之计。8.nearly,almost,hardly(1)almost可以与any,no,nobody,never,nothing搭配，但nearly却不能跟这些词搭配。在表达中也经常用hardlyany,hardlynobody来代替almostno,almostnobody.Almostnoonecametotheparty.Hardlyanybodycametotheparty.Youcanfindthemeaningofalmostanywordhere.Theelderlyneedspecialcareinwinter,astheyare__tothesuddenchangeofweather.A.sensitiveB.sensibleC.flexibleD.positive解析：

(sensitive—stronglyoreasilyInfluencedorchangedbysomething易受影响的，敏感的sensible明智的；合理的）ACorrectthemistakes:1.Thisboxismoreheavierthanthatone.2.Tomistheyoungestinthethree.3.Heistallerofthetwo.4.Todayisourthebusiestday.5.IthinkmathisverymoredifficultthanChinese.6.Therearemuchmorepeopleinthestreetthanusual.7.MikeissotallasJack.8.LiYingjumpedfartherthanJimjumped.9.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongerriverinChina.10.Wemustgetfartherinformation.___________heavier__of____thetaller______our____much_____many__as______(did)_____longest______further1.Shedoesn’tspeak___herfriends,butherwrittenworkisexcellent.A.aswellasB.asoftenasC.somuchasD.asgoodas2.Ofallthestorybooks,Ilikethisone____.It’snotinterestingatall.A.verymuchB.thebestC.verylessD.theleastAD3.---Ifyoudon’tliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.---Ok,butdoyouhave___sizeinblue?Thisoneisabittightforme.A.abigB.abiggerC.thebigD.thebigger4.Ifthemanagerhadtochoosebetweenthetwo,hewouldsayJohnwas___choice.A.goodB.thebestC.betterD.thebetterBD5.Manypeoplehavehelpedwithcannedfood,however,thefoodbankneeds___forthepoor.A.moreB.muchC.manyD.most6.—Thisstorybookisnotinterestingatall.--Well,I’lllendyou___one,Ok?A.themostinterestingB.amostinterestingC.mostinterestingD.muchinterestingAB7.---It’ssohottoday.---Itsurelyis.It’s___yesterday.A.twodegreeshotterthanB.twodegreesashotasC.twodegreehotterthanD.astwodegreeshotas

A8.(2003北京)Ourneighbourhas___ours.A.asabighouseasB.asbigahouseasC.thesamebighouseasD.ahousethesamebigas9.Heinsistedthatthosewhoworked___thananyoneelseshouldget___money.A.harder,themostB.harder,mostC.hardest,themostD.hardest,mostBA

10.Heisnot___asanyofus,butheisbraveenough.A.asagoodplayerB.asgoodaplayerC.aplayersogoodD.asogoodplayerB11.Theharderyouwork,____.A.thegreaterprogressyou’llmakeB.thegreateryou’llmakeprogressC.you’llmakethegreaterprogressD.you’llmakegreaterprogressA12.ProfessorWhitehaswrittensomeshortstories,butheis___knownforhisplays.A.thebestB.moreC.betterD.themostC13.(NMET2001全国)Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis____itisascience.A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartasD14.Tom’shandwritingisbetterthan____.A.anyotherstudent’shandwritingB.anystudent’shandwritingelseC.anyoftheotherstudentsD.anystudenthandwriting15.(00’上海)Greenland,____islandintheworld,coversovertwomillionsquarekilometers.A.itisthelargestB.thatisthelargestC.isthelargestD.thelargestADV-ed&V-ing1.(03北京春)Mr.Smith,___ofthe____speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring2.(03上海)Itisbelievedthatifabookis____,itwillsurely____thereader.A.interested;interestB.interesting,be～edC.interested;be～ingD.～ing;interestAD3.___thathedidn’tknowwhatdodo.A.SoexcitedhewasB.SoexcitinghewasC.SoexcitedwasheD.SoexcitingwasheC4.(NMET2004上海春)Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,_____.

A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhaustedB高考演练1.(NMET2004全国)Marykeptweighingherselftoseehowmuch___shewasgetting.A.heavierB.heavyC.theheavierD.theheaviestA2.(NMET2004上海)HespeaksEnglishwellindeed,butofcoursenot____anativespeaker.A.asfluentasB.morefluentthanC.sofluentlyasD.muchfluentlythanC3.(NMET2004湖南)Thatdoesn’tsoundveryfrightening,Paul,I’veseen____.Whatdidyoulikemostaboutthefilm?A.betterB.worseC.bestD.worstB4.(NMET2003上海)Thehouserentisexpensive.I’vegotabouthalfthespaceIhadathomeandI’mpaying_____here.

A.asthreetimesmuchB.asmuchthreetimesC.muchasthreetimesD.threetimesasmuchD5.(NMET2003上海春)Aftersuppershewouldsitdownbythefire,sometimesfor_____anhour,thinkingofheryoungandhappydays.A.aslongasB.assoonasC.asmuchasD.asmanyasA6.(NMET2002北京)Allthepeople____atthepartywerehissupporters.A.presentB.thankfulC.interestedD.importantA7.(NMET2002上海)AsfarasIamconcerned,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,_____.A.themoreforlifeareyouequippedB.themoreequippedforlifeyouareC.themorelifeyouareequippedforD.youareequippedthemoreforlifeB8.(NMET2002上海春)Themagazineisa(n)_______number.Youcantakeitoutofthereading–room.A.backB.pastC.oldD.formerA9.(NMET2002全国)Borishasbrains.Infact,Idoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshas______IQ.A.ahighB.ahigherC.thehigherD.thehighestB10.(NMET200