中考英语一轮复习培优全攻略(上海专用)第2讲主题阅读与写作之语言学习(原卷版+解析)

第2讲主题阅读与写作之语言学习【知识梳理1】如何快速找主旨句如何快速找主旨句一、如何快速找主旨句1，注意文首： 开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释，支撑或者发展主题句所表达的主题思想是最常见的演绎法写作方式。2，注意首尾呼应： 为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时候再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方法也较常见。但是，前后表达主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或者发展的意思。3，注意文尾： 在表述细节后，归纳要点，印象，结论建议或者结果，以概括主题，这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。4，无主题句： 有时主题句可以隐含在全文中，没有明确的主题句。必须根据稳重中所提供的实施细节来进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。5，标志词： Onthewhole,inshort,therefore… Iagreewiththeopinionthat… Givenallthesepointsabove,Iwouldsupporttheideathat… Forallthereasonsmentionedabove,Iwouldprefer…常见的主旨大意题的考查形式：Thetextismainlyabout____.Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainpurposeis______.What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelast/xxparagraph?Whatwouldbethebesttitle/headlineforthetext?Thisarticlemainlytellsaboutthestoryof____.Whatisthetopicofthetext?Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis____.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphdiscuss?Theparagraph(passage)dealswith_____.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?二、解题技巧1、整体思路1).先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，了解题目类别和提问方式。2).再看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。3).以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气或意图等其他深层次问题。4)、这类题目需要对文章有整体性的把握，建议最后做2、分类解析1)文章或者某段落的主旨大意——主题句定位法即通过分析篇章结构，找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。主题呈现的方式：【例题精讲】1、开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad，thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.题目：Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout？A.Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.B.Opinionsaboutcompetitionaredifferentamongpeople.C.Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.D.Failuresarenecessaryexperienceincompetition.2、藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾OntheInternet,wecanreadnewsathomeandabroadandgetasmuchinformationaswecan.Weoftensende-mailsormaketelephonecallstoourfamiliesaswellastoourfriendsbyInternet.What’smore,wecangotoschoolonthenet,readalotofbooksandeventeachourselvesforeignlanguages.Wealsoenjoymusic,watchballmatchesonthenetandplaycomputergames.Withthehelpofthenet,wecandoshoppingevenwithoutleavingourhomes.TheInternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife.题目：What’sthemainideaofthepassage？

A.KeepawayfromtheInternet.

B.Surfthenet.

C.TheInternetisplayinganimportantpartinourdailylife.

D.WecanentertainourselvesontheInternet.3．首尾呼应式在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题。值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。Lacrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.Thegoalis…TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthelacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.题目：Thepassageismainlyabout.A.HowtoPlayLacrosseB.LacrosseinCanadaC.TheHistoryofLacrosseD.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada4．抛砖引玉式文章的开头只是提出一个问题或者貌似正确的观点，而真正的主题则是通过对问题的解析和引申，或是通过责问和驳论的方式导出主题。Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments－mostlyforentertainmentpurposes－isfairandrespectful?Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats(栖息地)…Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeautyActually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.题目：Whatdoestheauthortrytoargueinthepassage？A.Zoosarenotworththepublicsupport.B.Zoosfailintheirattempttosaveanimals.C.Zoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanbeings.D.Zoosuseanimalsasameansofentertainment.5．藏龙卧虎式即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。Handshaking,thoughaEuropeanpracticeisoftenseeninbigcitiesofChina.NobodyknowsexactlywhenthepracticestartedinEurope.ItissaidthatlonglongagoinEuropewhenpeoplemet,theyshowedtheirunarmed(无武器的)handstoeachotherasasignofgoodwill.Astimewentonandtradeincitiesgrewrapidly,peopleincitiesbegantoclapeachother’shandstomakeadealortoreachanagreement.Thispracticewaslaterchangedintoshakinghandsamongfriendsonmeetingorleavingeachother.“Let’sshake(hands)onit”sometimesmeansagreementreached.题目：Thisparagraphmainlytellsus______.A.wherehandshakingwasfirstpracticedB.howhandshakingcameaboutC.abouttherelationshipbetweenhandshakingandtradeD.aboutthepracticeofhandshakingbothinEuropeandinChina2、选择最好的标题——选帽原则像帽子一样，大小合适才行。另外，标题要简洁、突出、新颖。标题是文章的点睛之笔，所以它还要具有醒目的特点，能吸引读者。Hewishestheholidayseasonwouldendalready.Hisbackaches,hisredsuitfeelslikeaspacesuit,hischeekshavegonetightfromsmilingfor12hours…Thequestionsfromchildrenthesedaysareharderthanever.Now,withthousandsofchildrenexpectingafatherormotherservinginIraqorAfghanistan,thequestionsareasheart-breakingastheyareunanswerable.Forexample,“CanyoupleasebringDaddyhomefromthewarintimeforChristmasmorning？”Santasalsohaveaprettygoodchanceofgettingsued(指控)…题目：Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？A．Christmas:NotaGoodFestivalforSantasB．IsSantaClausReallyAlive？C．AChristmasStoryD．WhatDoesSantaClausDoforChildren？Choosethebestanswer.ManypeoplealwayssaythatlisteningtospokenEnglishistoohardforthem.Butifyoudon’tunderstandwhatpeoplearesaying,howcanyoutalkwiththem?Itmaybedifficult,butlearningbylisteningisnecessary.Itcanbedone.Asweknow,differentpeoplehavedifferentpronunciationsofthesameword.StandardpronunciationisimportantforEnglishspeakingaswellasforlistening.InChina,peoplefromoneareamaynotunderstandwhatpeoplefromanotherareaaresayingbecauseofthedifferentChinesedialects.StandardChinesepronunciationcanhelppeoplefromdifferentplacesunderstandeachothereasily.ItisthesamewithEnglish.Ifyourpronunciationisnotstandard,itisashardforotherpeopletounderstandyouasitisforyoutounderstandthem.IfyouwanttolearnhowtolistentoEnglish,thefollowingwaysarehelpful.YoucanalsowatchEnglish-languagefilms,listentoEnglishradioandTVprograms.Trytolisteneveryday,evenifonlyforafewminutes.Atfirstyoumayunderstandfewwords.Don’tgiveup.Justlisten.RemembertoreadandspeakEnglisheveryday.Itwillhelpyoutolistenbetter.SpendanhourreadingEnglisheverydayandfinallyyouwillnoticethatyouaremakingprogress.TalktoEnglish-speakingforeignersasoftenaspossible.Foreignerswillspeakmoreslowlywithyou,usesimplewords,andusebodylanguagetohelpyouunderstandthem.Don’tbeafraidtotalktothem.Theywon’tmindbecausetheymayhavemoretroublemakingthemselvesunderstoodinChinese.1.ManyEnglish-languagelearnersthink_________istoodifficultforthem.A:readingEnglish B:speakingEnglishC:listeningtoEnglish D:writinginEnglish2.StandardEnglishpronunciationisimportantbecause_________.A:ithelpedpeoplefromdifferentplacesunderstandeachotherbetterB:peoplearefromdifferentareasC:peoplearefromdifferentcountriesD:ithelpspeoplelearnEnglishmoreeasily3._________,andyou’llunderstandmorewords.A.UsesimpleEnglishwords B.UsebodylanguagesC.ListentoEnglisheveryday D.Speakmoreslowlywithforeigners4.__________whenwetalkwithforeigners.A:Don’tbeshy B:Don’tbesilentC:Don’tmakemistakes D:Don’ttalkaboutanythingexceptweather5._________Englisheverydaywillhelpyoutolistenbetter.A:Reading B:Speaking C:Talkingtoforeignersin D:Alltheabove.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A:ListeningtoEnglishisnotsodifficult.B:Weshouldlistentothetapesforonlyafewminutes.C:StandardChineseisnotsoimportantasstandardEnglish.D:TheforeignershavealotoftroubleinlisteningtoChinese,too.首字母填空解题技巧【知识梳理2】首字母填空解题技巧首字母填空解题技巧：1、解题方法之通读全文,通读是为了知道这篇文章讲什么，了解大意后才能做题。首填选篇第一句一般不设空，并且一般会给出主题，所以一定要细读首句。此外，这一步骤不要花太多时间，跳过空格与生词，要快速阅读。2、解题方法之感情线索,体会作者的语气与用词的感情色彩，是理解文章的一个重要方面，无论是做完型还是阅读，都是用的到的方法。3、解题方法之逻辑关系,逻辑关系是全文的脉络，也是理解文章最重要和最容易成为障碍的地方。阅读时养成随手圈划逻辑关系词的习惯，是提高理解文章能力的很好方法.4、解题方法之联系上下文,有不少提示答案的关键信息，就出现在前后句甚至同句中，所以一定要关注近身。（就近原则)。5、解题方法之固定搭配.注意事项之复查：名词检查单复数动词检查时态、语态、主谓一致形容词、副词检查比较级和最高级连词检查逻辑代词检查人称、数、格介词检查固定搭配和习惯用法【例题精讲】=4\*ROMANIV.Choosethewordsorexpressionsandcompletethepassage.LearningChinesemayseemdifficulttoforeignersoutsideChina.l1totheyoungpeople.Daisyhass2upanonlinelearningwebsitetoteachthelanguagetoasmanypeopleaspossible,allovertheworld.WithChina'sfastdevelopmentintheworld,Daisythinksitimportantforpeopletolearnthelanguagesoonerratherthanlater.DaisyhaslearnedPutonghuas3theageoffive.Twoyearsago,aftershedecidedtopassonwhatshehadlearned,shecameupwiththeideaforthewebsite,.Shesaid,“PeopleareafraidtolearnPutonghua.Oneofthemainreasonsisthattheythinkit’sani4languagetolearn,butIhavehadfundoingit.AndIhopewhatIhavedoneiseasyandfun.”Hero5aseriesoflessons,whicharevideosofDaisyteachingagroupofstudentsontopicsfromgreetingsandnumberstoChineseculture.Daisy’swebsitehaswonthesupportofsomeimportantpersons—theteenagersaysshehasreceivedaletterpraisingherworkfromGordonBrown,whoistheBritishPrimeMinister.Shesaid,“IwrotetohimandtoldhimwhatIwasdoingandgotaletterb6.HesaidthatwhatIwasdoingwasar7goodidea.Ithoughtitwasamazing.Iwasexcitedthatsomeonesoimportantwassupportingwhatweweredoing.”=5\*ROMANV．Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords.Ireallylikereadingandwritingshortstories.Thesestoriesareusuallyabout6to20pageslongwhichf1onaninterestingperson,aproblemwhichthepersonhad,andwhathappenedwhenthepersontriedtosolvetheproblem.Allsocietiesseemtohaveanoralstorytellingtraditioninwhichpeoplemett2totelleachothershortstories,andinwhichparentstoldtheirchildrenstoriesatbedtime.ThiswascertainlytrueinEngland,inIndia,inKenya,inMexicoandinJapan.WasittrueinChinatoo?Inmanycountries,oralstorytellingisstillimportant,butinmostcountriesnow,storiesarewrittendownandp3inbooks.MyfavoritecollectionofshortstoriesisabookcalledTheStoryGiantbyBrianPatteninwhichagiantknowsallthestoriesintheworlde4one.Ifhedoesn’tfindthelaststoryhe’lldie.Inthebook,hegetsfourchildrenfromdifferentpartsoftheworldtotellhimstoriesinthehopethathewillfindthelaststorysohecanstaya5andpasstheworld’sstoriesonforever.Doyouthinkhefindsthelaststory?Ialsolikereadingnovels.OneofmyfavoritenovelsiscalledLifeofPi.ItiswrittenbyaCanadiancalledYannMartel,andisaboutanIndianboywhospendsalongtimeatseaafterashipwreck(海难)a6____withnobodybutatiger.Whataboutyou?Doyouhaveafavoritenovel?Notmanypeoplereadplaysthesedays,butmanypeoplestillenjoywatchingthematthetheatreorontelevision.Perhapsthel7popularformofliterature(文学)ispoetry.Thisisbecausemanypoemsareverydifficulttounderstand,andoftenseemtobewrittenandreadbyverycleverpeople.IwishIcouldwritepoemswhichanybodycanunderstand.1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________一、阅读单选Isthereaconnectionbetweenmusicandlanguage?Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisyes:Musichelpsdevelopcertainlanguageabilitiesinthebrain.AstudyfromNorthwesternUniversityshowsthatplayingamusicalinstrumentcanimproveaperson’shearingability.Asapartofthestudy,twogroupsofpeoplelistenedtoapersontalkinginanoisyroom.Thepeopleinthefirstgroupweremusicians,whilethoseinthesecondgrouphadnomusicaltraining.Themusicianswerefoundtobeabletohearthetalkingpersonmoreclearly.“Musicianshearbetter,”saysstudyleaderNinaKraus,“becausetheylearntopayattentiontocertainsounds.”Forexample,whentheviolinistsplayinanorehestra(管弦乐队),theymustlistencloselytowhattheyareplayingandignoretheothersounds.Inthisway,musicianscanhearcertainsoundsbetter,eveninaroomwithlotsofnoise.GotfriedSehlaug,adoctoratHarvardMedicalSchool,workswithstroke(中风)patients.Becauseoftheirillness,thesepeoplecannotsaytheirnames,addressorotherinformation.However,theycanstillsing.Dr.Schlaugwassurprisedtofindsingingwordshelpedhispatientsfinallyspeak.Whydoesthiswork?Schlaugisn’tsure.Musicseemstobeabletomakedifferentpartsofthebrainactive,includingthebadparts.Insomeway,thishelpspatientsusethosepartsofthebrainagain.Somusicisnotonlyenjoyable,butalsogoodforusinmanyotherways.“Playinganinstrumentorsinging,”saysNinaKraus,“canhelpusdobetterinschoolandkeepourbrainsharpaswegetolder.”1．What’sthemainideaofParagraph2?A．Listeningtoapeopleinanoisyroomcanimproveaperson’shearingability.B．Sayinghisnameandaddressoftencanimproveaperson’shearingability.C．Playingamusicalinstrumentcanimproveaperson’shearingability.D．Listeningtodifferentkindsofsongscanimproveaperson’shearingability.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ignore”probablymean?A．hearof B．lookdownupon C．paynoattentionto D．lookout3．HowcanDr.Schlaughelphisstrokepatientsspeak?A．Byplayingmusicforthem.B．Bygettingthemtosingwords.C．Byteachingthemtoplayinstruments.D．Byjoiningthebadpartsoftheirbrain.4．WhichisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Musiccanmakethebrainactive.B．Singingcanhelpkeepourbrainsharp.C．NinaKrausdoesn’tagreewiththestudyresultofNorthwesternUniversity.D．Musicisgoodforpeople.5．Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．WaysofPlayingMusic B．WaystoMakeBrainsActiveC．MusicandLanguageAbilities D．TreatingStrokePatientsAssomeonewho’sbeenstudyingEnglishformanyyears,youmightthinkyouknowtheEnglishlanguageprettywell.ButifyouoverheardaBritishpersonsay,“ABillyletsomebeesandhoneyinmysherbet(冰冻果露)lastnight,”wouldyouunderstandwhathemeant?Probablynot,butmanynative(本土的)speakersmaynotknowwhatthispersonwassayingeither.TheexampleabovewasasentencethataLondontaxidrivermightsaytoanothermemberofhisorhertribe.InplainEnglish,thesentencewouldbe,“Acustomerleftsomemoneyinmytaxilastnight.”So,whatexactlyismeantby“tribe”?ArecentarticleontheBBCCulturewebsitepointedoutthatnearlyallofusareapartofatribe.Thisisagroupthatdefines(定义)whoweareandevenhowwespeak.Andwitheachtribecomesitsown“secretlanguage”,astheBBCcalledit.Ifyouworkinacertainindustry—education,forexample,youmayuseslang(俚语)wordsthatonlyotherpeoplewhoworkinthatindustrywouldunderstand.Orifyouliveinacertaincity,youmightuseaslangwordtodescribealandmarkinthecity,thatonlylocalswouldunderstand.Theseso-calledsecretlanguageseachhavetheirownfascinatinghistory.IntheUS,forexample,theunderground“ballroom”(舞厅)tribeof1970sand80sNewYorkCityanditslanguagewasshowedinthe2018FXshowPose.Thesesecretwordsdon’talwaysstaywithintheirtribes,however.Wordsfrommanytribes,especiallymusicalculturessuchasrapandhip-hop,oftenenterpeople’severydayvocabulary.Forexample,thephrase“tohavebeer”—meaning“tobeinaconflict(冲突)”—wasmadepopularbyUSrappers.Today,it’swidelyusedbynativeEnglishspeakersallovertheworld.AsBBCreporterSusieDentwrote,“Weareallsurroundedbyamazingsecretlanguages,fullofhistoryandstoriesandin-jokes.Andonethingiscertain:ourtribalconversationswillneverrunout.”6．Theexampleatthebeginningofthetextismainlyused________.A．toprovethatEnglishisreallyhardforpeopletolearn.B．toexplaintothereaderswhatthemeaningof“tribe”isC．toteachreadershowtocommunicatewithtaxidriversD．toshowthelanguagesoftribesarehardtounderstand7．Accordingtothispassage,whatdoes“tribe”referto?A．Allmembersofafamily. B．Workersinacertaincompany.C．Agrouporclassofpeople. D．Peoplelivinginthesamecity.8．Whatcanweknowabout“secretlanguages”?A．Theymostlycamefromdifferentkindsofmusicalcultures.B．Somewordsfromthemarepopularineverydayconversation.C．TheyfirststartedinNewYorkCityinthe1970sand1980s.D．Theyhavefailedtobecomepopularamongyoungpeople.9．WhatisDent’sattitudetowardsthefutureof“secretlanguages”?A．Confident. B．Worried. C．Uninterested. D．Doubtful.二、短文首字母填空根据首字母提示用适当的词完成短文。InBritain,childrenbeginlearningFrenchinjuniorschool.Childrenspendanhouraweekl___10___thelanguage.SomeschoolsevengoonaschooltriptoFrancetopracticespeaking.Whenchildrenreachhighschool,theycontinuetheirF___11___studies.TheyaregiventhechancetolearnGermanaswell.Incertainschools,childrenalsolearnLatin.Thislanguageisnolongerspoken,butmanyEnglishwordsandstructuresc___12___fromit.HavingagoodknowledgeofLatinh___13___improveyourEnglish.MostchildreninBritishdonotfeellikelearninglanguagesbecauseE___14___hasbecometheinternationallanguage,theythinktheywillhavenodifficultycommunicatingwithothers.LearningEnglishcanbedifficultorinteresting.Itdependsonh___15___youaredoingit.Tobeginwith,readasmuchasyoucaninEnglish.FromcartoonstoBritishliterature,anythingisOK.Ifyouwishtoimproveyourself,youhavetochoosesomethingthatcanp___16___youwithachallenge.Sorenewyourlibrarycard,chooseyourfavoriteEnglishmagazinesorgoonline.UnderstandingBritishorAmericanc___17___canalsobeapartoflanguagelearning.Theexpressionsorsituationscanbeunderstoodandrememberedb___18___ifyouknowacoupleofpatterns,booksorpoems.Whereandhow,youmightask.Therearesomem___19___ofdoingthis.YoucanstartyourownbloginEnglishaboutyourhobby,travelexperiencesoranythingthatmakesyouinterested.Ifyoudon’twanttowrite,readotherpeople’sblogsorarticlesinEnglishandgivesomer___20___whenyouhaveyourownideas.Youcanalsotrytofindanonlinecommunitythathasthesameinterestasyou.InthiscommunityyoucanshareyourthoughtsinEnglish.Thisusuallys___21___tobethemostdifficultpart,butyouhavetochallengeyourself.IfyouhavethechancetouseEnglish,don’tl___22___it.Finally,neverforgetthepowerofrelaxation.Asthesayinggoes,“AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.”Youdon’talwayshavetof___23___yourselftostudyifyouaretired.Youcanlistentosomemusicorwatchamovie.It’salsoagoodideatokeepc____24____contactwithnatureandgoouttobreathemorefreshairafterahardday’swork.Itdoesn’tsoundtoodifficult,doesit?三、话题作文25．请根据以下题目，写一篇小议论文，阐述学习英语的重要性，文中包含至少3条学英语的原因，至少3条学英语的方法。要求：(1)文章过渡衔接自然，语言规范，字迹工整。(2)100词左右。(3)文中不要出现真实的人名、校名和地名。WhyandhowshouldwelearnEnglish?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________四、材料作文26．假设你是李华，你们学校正在对本校学生英语学习情况进行同学们对英语教学的建议。请按下表提示，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈你的英语学习情况以及你对老师教学的建议。项目内容你对英语的认识1.英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言；2.英语有助于了解世界上不同的文化；……你目前的英语水平1.能用英语与同学进行简单的交流；2.喜欢演讲，去年在校演讲比赛中获奖；……你英语学习中存在的问题1.不能正确地运用语法规则；2.写作中有时候不能清楚地表达自己；……你对英语教学的建议……（考生自己发挥，至少写一点）注意：1.词数100左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数；2.必须包括表格中所有相关信息，可适当发挥，使全文连贯、通顺；3.文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。IamLiHua._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Iwishourschoolwillconsidermyadvice.进阶练02主题阅读与写作之语言学习（解析版）一、阅读单选Toremembervocabulariesdrivesalotofstudentsmad.Arethereanyusefulmethodstodoitbetter?Hereisapassageforyoutoreadandlearn.Stayuplatedoingexercises,rememberingeverygrammarruleandreadingallEnglisharticlesyou’velearnedagainandagain...ArethesethewaysyoulearnEnglish?Thebadnewsisthatthismethodmaydoyoulittlegood.ButthegoodnewsisthattherearebetterwaystobuildyourEnglishvocabulary.·LearnanewEnglishwordeverydayIfyou’renotsurewheretostart,trymakingcardsofthemostcommonlyusedwords.AnotherwaytobuildupyourEnglishvocabularyisreading.Ifyoulikereadingabouttravel,petsorfood,readaboutthesetopicsinEnglish.LookforEnglishnewspapersormagazinesaboutyourfavoritesubjectsorvisitwebsitesorblogsaboutthesetopics.Readafewarticleseachmorning,andcirclenewwords.Ifyoulikewatchingmovies,pickoneandstartwatching.Ifyou’reafraidyouwon’tunderstandeverything,youcanalwayswatchthemwithsubtitles.Onceyou’reconfidentinyourEnglishlisteningskills,trywatchingmovieswithoutsubtitles.·Don’tforgettorecordnewwordsinavocabularynotebookWheneveryoucomeacrossanewword,writeitdown.ManyEnglishlanguagelearnerscarryanotebookforthispurpose.Keepthenotebookandapenathand.Then,you’llhavesomethingtoreviewwhiletravelingortakingabreak.·VocabularylearningsystemAnotherthingtodoistodevelopanorganizedbuteasywayofcollectingandlearningnewwords.Forexample,acardsystemshouldincludethefollowinginformation，*Word*Englishmeaningoftheword*Phrasesorsentences*Relatedwords*Wordsofsimilarmeaningsandwordsofoppositemeanings*Chinesemeaningonthebackofthecard·▲Itisfoundthatpeopleunderstandandrememberfactsbetteriftheyaregiveninlogical（合逻辑的）groups.Forexample,itislessdifficulttorememberwordsthatarerelatedtoeachotherthanthoseunrelatedones.Creatinglistsofwordsrelatedtocommonthemes–suchasfriendship,family,wealth,careers,sciences–willbemucheasiertolearnandrememberthancollectingwordsaccordingtotheirfirstletters.1．InParagraph1,thewriterintroducesthetopicby_________.A．describingthecommonscenesofstudents’waysoflearningB．listingtheproblemsthatstudentshavewhenlearningC．presentingafewquestionsthatstudentswanttoaskD．tellingafunnystoryoflanguagelearningexperience2．Theunderlinedword“subtitles”means_________.A．namesofbooks,magazines,orotherpublishedworksB．translationsofforeignfilmsshownatthebottomofthescreenC．secondtitleswhichareoftenlongerandexplainmoreD．namesthatdescribepeople’ssocialpositionsorjobs3．Whichofthefollowingsentenceisthemostsuitableonetobeputinthe▲?A．Understandandrememberfactsbetter B．CollectwordsbythemeorsubjectC．Rememberalistofunrelatedwords D．Dividewordsaccordingtotheirfirstletters4．Inwhichorderisthepassagewritten?A．Timeorder. B．Spaceorder. C．Fromspecifictogeneral. D．Fromgeneraltospecific.【答案】1．A2．B3．B4．D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了4种高效记单词的方法。1．推理判断题。根据文章第一句“Toremembervocabulariesdrivesalotofstudentsmad.”可知记单词让许多学生要发疯了，这是学生们学习时的同感。故选A。2．词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“Onceyou’reconfidentinyourEnglishlisteningskills,trywatchingmovieswithoutsubtitles.”可知此处说的是看英语电影，如果你对英语的听力有自信的话，可以尝试看电影不看字幕。说明subtitles指的是电影字幕。选项B“展示在屏幕下方的外文电影的翻译”符合题意。故选B。3．主旨大意题。此处要填入的是段落小标题。根据文章最后一句“Creatinglistsofwordsrelatedtocommonthemes–suchasfriendship,family,wealth,careers,sciences–willbemucheasiertolearnandrememberthancollectingwordsaccordingtotheirfirstletters.”可知可以按共同主题列单词的清单，如友谊、家庭、财富、职业、等主题，这样积累单词要比按首字母排列的方法要容易得多，由此可知此段落的主题是“按主题或学科来积累单词”。故选B。4．篇章结构题。文章第一段开门见山，由问题“Arethereanyusefulmethodstodoitbetter?”引出话题，可知有一些记单词的更好的方法，再由4个小标题分别说明4种积累单词的方法，因此本文的写作顺序是先总后分，即先总说后具体。故选D。AsanEnglishperson,Icanspeakthreelanguages—English,GermanandFrench,sodoyouthinkBritishpeopleareverygoodlanguagelearners?Thefactisthattheyaren’t.SomestatisticsfromthesurveydonebytheEuropeanCommission(欧盟委员会)showedthat62%oftheBritishpeopleonlyspeakEnglish.38%speakatleastoneforeignlanguageand18%speaktwoormore.ComparedwiththeBritishpeople,56%ofthepeopleinotherEuropeancountriesspeakatleastoneforeignlanguageand28%speaktwoormore.FromthisyoucanseethattheBritishpeoplearefamousfornotspeakingforeignlanguagesandthattheyarenot