专题06脱贫攻坚-2022中考英语阅读理解热点话题体裁分类训练（中考真题各地模拟题）

备战2022中考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练(中考真题+各地模拟题)专题06脱贫攻坚Passage1（2021·青海西宁·中考真题）Poverty（贫穷）isabigproblemintheworld,butChinahasdoneagoodjobtodealwithitandmadetheproudachievement.Duringfightingpoverty,we’vebeenmovedbymanyheroes.HelpingGirls◆ZhangGuimei◆Lijiang,Yunnan◆Manygirlscouldn’tgotoschoolbecausetheywereverypoor.◆Mrs.Zhangstartedagirlschoolforfreeandhelpedover1,800girlsgotocollege.BuildingaRoad◆MaoXianglin◆Wushan,Chongqing◆Villagerslivedonthe1,000﹣meter﹣highcliffs（悬崖峭壁）.Soittookthemthreedaystowalktothenearesttowninthepast.◆Mr.Maoledvillagerstobuildaroadwiththeirhandsfor7years.Nowtheyspendjustanhourdrivingtothenearesttown.Localpeoplecansellfruittootherplacesconveniently.PlantingMushrooms（蘑菇）◆ChenZaiming◆JingdongYi,Yunnan◆Thisplacewasfamousforitswildmushrooms.Butvillagersdidn’tknowhowtogrowthem.◆Mr.Chentaughtvillagerstoplantmushroomsandhelpedthemmakeover5millionyuan.ChineseAchievements◆832counties（县）and128,000villagesarenolongerinpoverty.◆98.99millionvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8year.◆Chinaisresponsibleforreducing70percentofpovertysincethelate1970sallovertheworld.1．Whohelpedgirlsgotocollege？A．ZhangGuimei. B．MaoXianglin. C．ChenZaiming. D．Allabove.2．HowdidpeoplegotothenearesttowninWushan,Chongqinginthepast？A．Onfoot. B．Bybus. C．Bycar. D．Bytrain.3．Whichplacewaswell﹣knownforwildmushroomsinthetext？A．Lijiang. B．Wushan. C．JingdongYi. D．Notmentioned.4．Howmanyvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8yearsinChina？A．832. B．1,800. C．12,8000. D．98,990,000.5．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？A．Girlsdidn’twanttogotoschoolinLijiang,Yunnan.B．IttakespeoplethreehourstodrivetothenearesttowninWushannow.C．PeopleusedtobegoodatgrowingwildmushroomsinJingdongYi.D．Chinahasgotthegreatestachievementonliftingoutofpoverty.Passage2（2021·广东深圳·中考真题）ShashiyuwasonceapoorvillageinHebeiProvince,butnowithaschangedintoarichandlivableplace.Inthe1940s,villagersinShashiyuhadlittlefoodandfewclothes,buttheyhadastrongwishforabetterlife.ZhangGuishun,thePartysecretaryofShashiyu,encouragedhisvillagerstodotheirbesttopullthemselvesoutofpoverty.“IntheancientChinesestory,YuGongcouldmovemountainswithhisstrongwillandhardwork,whycan’twe?Nobodywasborntobepoor?”Hearinghiswords,thevillagersdecidedtomakeadifference.LedbythemunistPartyofChina（中国共产党）,thevillagerscarriedwaterandsoiltotheirvillagefromfarawayplacestoimprovetheirland.From1966to.1971,theyreclaimed（开垦）lotsoflandandgreatlyimprovedtheirlife.However,thevillageencounteredanewproblemtwodecadeslaterastheenvironmentbecameheavilypollutedbychemicalplantsandminerefineriesbuiltin1990s.Thepollutingfactorieswereshutdownin2004,andvillagersstartedgrapecultivation,whichsoonbecameamainindustryinShashiyu.In2009,thecitylevelgovernmentinvestedover1millionyuan($152,723)tochangethevillage’sexhibitionhallintoamuseuminmemoryofdevelopmenteffortsmadebyearliergenerations.After10years,thevillagewascalled“NationalForestVillage”.Zhangsaidthatthevillagestartedayearlytourismfestivalin2015toattracttravelerstopickgrapes.“ThegrapescouldbesoldatabetterpriceonceShashiyubeesfamousthroughthisfestival.Ourvillagerscanthenliveevenbetterlives,”hesaid.6．WhydidZhangGuishunusethestoryofYuGongtoencouragethevillagers?A．BecauseYuGonghadstrongwillandhardwork.B．BecauseYuGongwasbornpoortoo.C．BecausethevillagersworshipedYuGong.D．BecauseYuGongbecamerichatlast.7．From1966to1971,whatdidthevillagersdotoimprovetheirlivingsituation?A．Theyplantedgrapestoearnmoney.B．Theycarriedwaterandsoiltotheirvillagetoimprovetheirlands.C．Theymovedtoanotherplacetoliveabetterlife.D．Theybuiltalotoffactories.8．Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribethevillagers?A．Hardworking. B．Lazy. C．Kindhearted. D．Stupid.9．WhenwasShashiyucalled"NationalForestVillage"?A．In2009. B．In2004. C．In2015. D．In2019.10．Wherecanyouprobablyreadthepassage?A．Inastorybook. B．Inanewspaper. C．Inasportsmagazine. D．InasciencebookPassage3（2019·湖南株洲·中考真题）The2030Agendasaysthatendingpovertyinallitsforms,includingextremepoverty(极度贫困),isthegreatesttask.Because1.4billionpeopleindevelopingcountriesliveonlessthan$1.25aday.Another842millionpeople,oroneineightpeople,donothaveenoughtoeat,today.Thegoodnewsisthattherearewaystoendpoverty.Creatingjobs,bothintheUnitedStatesandabroad,isagreatwaytodealwithpoverty.Whenpeoplehavejobs,theyhavemoney,andwhenpeoplehavemoney,theycanmoreeasilygetthemselvesoutofpoverty.TheU.N.saysthat‘‘Forthepoor,laborisoftentheonlythingtheycanusetoimprovetheirwellbeing.”Theeducationofgirlsandwomenimpacts(影响)therestofthesocieties.Awoman’sdegreeofeducationislinkedtotheageatwhichshemarriesandhaschildren,toherhealthanddiseases.Educatinggirlsandwomencanendpovertyindevelopingnations,aswellasintheUnitedStates.TheUnitedStateshasn’traisedthelowestpaysince2007.Becauseofthis,rightnow,UAfulltimeworkerwithtwochildrengettingthelowestpaywillstillraisehisorherfamilyinpoverty.”Andthisisaprobleminalmosteveryothercountry,especiallyindevelopingnations.Raisingthelowestpaycouldpossiblyincreasethehealthandwellbeingofmillions.ThepresidentoftheWorldBank,JimYongKim,saysthathebelieves“healthcarecoveringinallcountriescanhelpachieveagoalofendingextremepovertyby2030.”Hesaysthathealthcarecouldendpoverty.Becauseabout100millionpeoplearepushedintoextremepovertyeveryyearbyhavingtospendmoneyonhealthproblems,andhealthproblemspushaboutanother150millionintoveryserioushardship.Thesewaystoendpovertyshowthatwhilethereisadifficultroadahead,thereisapracticalpathforward.11．Howmanypeopledonothaveenoughtoeattoday?A．100million. B．150million. C．842million.12．Whatistheonlythingthepoorcanusetoimprovetheirwellbeing?A．Creating. B．Labor C．Studying.13．Thefourthparagraphmainlytellsus_________.A．theimportanceofeducatinggirlsandwomenB．thewaysofeducatinggirlsandwomenC．thetimeofeducatinggirlsandwomen14．WhoisJimYongKim?A．ThePresidentoftheU.N.B．ThepresidentoftheWorldBank.C．ThePresidentoftheUnitedStates.15．Howmanywaystoendpovertyarementioned?A．4. B．6. C．7.Passage4（2020·山东·济宁学院附属中学三模）Theyear2019markedthe70thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(PRC).Overthepast70years,undertheleadershipofthemunistPartyofChina(CPC),Chinahasexperiencedhistoricchangesandmadegreatachievements.Thenationhasexperiencedgreateconomic(经济的)growthinthepastsevendecades.In1978,China’sGDPwasthe11thhighestintheworld.In2010,ChinaovertookJapantobeethesecondlargesteconomyintheworldaftertheUS.Thecountryisstillinthatpositionnow.WithChina’sentryintotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)in2001,thecountryhasbeeamajorpowerforworldeconomicgrowth.Since2002,ithashelpedtheworldeconomygrowbynearly30%onaverage(平均).TodayChinaistheworld’slargestexporter(出口国)andthesecondlargestimporter(进口国),accordingtoChinaDaily.Infightingpoverty(贫穷)inrecentdecades,Chinahasmadehistoricachievementsandbeeamajorcontributortotheimprovementofpeople’slivesaroundtheworld.Toreduce(减少)poverty,theChinesegovernmenthasdonealotofwork.Itbuiltroads,createdjobs,andgavepeoplebettereducationandmedicalservices.Thecountryhaspromisedtoeradicate(根除)extreme(极端)povertyby2020,andtodate,morethan800millionChinesehavebeenliftedoutofpoverty,ChinaDailynoted.Asforeducation,manyChinesearegoingabroadtostudyanddoresearch.Over600,000Chinesewentabroadtostudyin2018,accordingtoChinaDaily.Chinahasalsosetup536ConfuciusInstitutes(孔子学院)inmorethan150countries.ManyforeignstudentsarelearningChineselanguageandculturethere.16．WhatdoweknowaboutChina’seconomy?A．China’seconomyisthesecondlargestintheworld. B．China’seconomyovertookJapan’sforoneyear.C．China’sGDPreacheditshighestlevelin1978. D．Chinaistheworld’slargestimporterandexporter.17．WhathasChinadonetoreducepoverty?a.Builtroads.b.Createdmorejobs.c.Givenpeoplemoney.d.Improvedmedicalservices.e.Providedfreecollegeeducation.A．abe B．abd C．acd D．bce18．Whatisthelastparagraphabout?A．HowmanyChinesestudentsarestudyingabroad. B．WhyChinahassetupConfuciusInstitutes.C．China’sdevelopmentineducation. D．China’ssupportforforeignstudents.19．Whatisthisarticlemainlyabout?A．HowgreatChina’seconomyis. B．HowChinahasfoughtpoverty.C．HowChina’seducationhaschanged. D．TheachievementsChinahasmade.Passage5（2021·山东北区·二模）WiththedevelopmentofChina,manytraditionalinkpaintings（水墨画）showthechangesinsouthernChinesevillages.ShangXinzhou,apainterfromtheGuangxiArtsUniversity,hasbeencreatingtraditionalinkpaintingsformanyyears.Hispaintingsshowthelifeinpoorareas.“ThankstomyexperienceinDuomaiVillage,Icanmakethepaintingsmuchlovelier,”saidthe36yearoldpainter,whohasspenttwoandahalfyearsworkingthere.Shang’spaintingsshowtheprogressinthefightagainstpoverty.Hisworksshowchangesfromdifficultlocalconditionsandpeople’shardtimestobetterconditionsandhappylives.“Ilikedrawingpeople’sreallives,andpaintingscanbeabridgeformunicationbetweenthelocalpeopleandme.”saidShang.Duringhisstay,heputhispaintingsaboutthelocallifeontheInternettohelpvillagersselltheirproducts.Tomakethenightlifetherericher,hesoldpaintingstobuystreetlights,sopeoplecouldenjoysquaredancingintheevening.Shang’sexcellentworkswerepopularinthevillage.“Ilovehispaintingsandtheyshowgreatchangesinourvillage,”saidafarmer.Inrecentyears,moreartistshavetraveledtomountainvillagestorecordthedevelopmentofChina’spoorareas,tellingstoriesofthecountry’sfightagainstpoverty.“I’veseenthelocalpovertyalleviation.Iwanttorecordthechangesofthepoorareasandcreatemoreworksaboutpeople,”saidShang.20．WhatmadeShang’spaintingslovelier?A．Hishappylife. B．Hisstayinacity.C．Hisexperienceinavillage. D．Hisexperienceinauniversity.21．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“poverty”meaninChinese?A．沉默 B．交流 C．富有 D．贫穷22．WhatdidShangdoforthepeopleinDuomaiVillage?①hetaughtthemtodance.②Heboughtthemstreetlights.③Hehelpedthemselltheirproducts.④Hetaughtthemtocreatepaintings.A．①④ B．②③ C．①③ D．②④23．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．WhyShangcreatedthepaintings. B．WhenShangstartedtopaint.C．HowShang’slifewasinthevillage. D．WhereShangwillworkinthefuture.24．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Apainterspenthiswholelifefightingagainstpovertyinhiscity.B．ApaintertriedtoshowtheworldChinesetraditionalinkpaintings.C．Apainterusedhispaintingstorecordthechangesinpoorareas.D．Apainterfoundtheeasiestwaytomakehimselffamousinhiscountry.Passage5（2021·湖北谷城·一模）Insteadofjustgivingmoneytopoorpeople,Chinahastriedtoeducatepeopleandgivethemthetoolstheyneedtoshakeoffpoverty（贫困）.MaoXianglin,62,avillageheadofXiazhuangvillage,WushancountyinChongqing.In1997,38yearoldMaostartedtoworkasthePartysecretary（党支书）ofhisvillage.Aroundthevillageare1,000metertallcliffs（悬崖峭壁）,andtherewasonlyonepathwayoutofthevillageformanyyears.Ittookvillagersthreedaystowalktothenearesttown.Maodecidedtobuildaroad.“Wecan’tstaypoorforever.I’llleadusaswetry,eventhoughitwillbehard.”Maosaid.Heledmorethan100villagerstobuildtheroadwiththeirhands.Theyhungfromropesandusedhammers（锤）anddrills（钻）tocreatetheroad.Fallingrocksledtothedeathsofsixvillagers.Ittookthemsevenyearstobuildaneightkilometerroad.Buttheirworkhasimprovedpeople’slives.Itnowtakesjustonehourtodrivetothenearesttown.Maothenencouragedthevillagerstogroworanges.Lastyear,theirorangeyield（产量）wasnearly40tons.Youngpeoplehavereturnedtothevillagetosellorangesonline.Bytheendof2019,269villagershadbeenliftedoutofpoverty.Thepercapitaine（人均收入）reached12,670yuan,40timesmorethaninthe1990s.25．HowdoesChinadealwithpovertyaccordingtothearticle?A．Bygivingpeoplebooks. B．Bygivingpeopleclothes.C．Bygivingpeoplefood. D．Byeducatingandprovidingtools.26．Whichofthefollowingcanreplace“shakeoff”inPara.1?A．getinto B．getoutof C．getinthewayof D．getusedto27．WhatdoesMaoXianglindo?A．Avillager B．Avillagehead C．Aworker D．Anoldteacher28．Ittakesvillagers________tothenearesttownnow.A．sevenhourstoride B．onehourtodrive C．threeweekstowalk D．threedaystowalk29．AboutXiazhuangvillage,whichisNOTright?A．Therewasonlyonepathwayinthepast. B．Thevillagespent7yearsbuildingaroad.C．Thevillagersgrowapplesandsellonline. D．269villagershaveshakenoffpoverty.参考答案1．A2．A3．C4．D5．D【分析】本文讲述了中国在脱贫战斗中涌现出的英雄以及他们所做出的贡献。1．细节理解题。根据“ZhangGuimei…Mrs.Zhangstartedagirlschoolforfreeandhelpedover1,800girlsgotocollege”可知，张贵梅帮助女孩们上学，故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“Wushan,Chongqing…Soittookthemthreedaystowalktothenearesttowninthepast.”可知，过去重庆巫山的人们去最近的镇上，需要步行去，故选A。3．细节理解题。根据“JingdongYi,Yunnan…Thisplacewasfamousforitswildmushrooms.”可知，云南省的景东彝族自治县因为野生蘑菇而出名，故选C。4．细节理解题。根据“98.99millionvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8year.”可知，8年来，9899万村民实现了脱贫。故选D。5．推理判断题。根据“Poverty（贫穷）isabigproblemintheworld,butChinahasdoneagoodjobtodealwithitandmadetheproudachievement.”可知，中国在脱贫方面已经取得了伟大的成就，故选D。6．A7．B8．A9．D10．B【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了河北省的一个贫困村——沙市峪在中国共产党脱贫攻坚的正确领导下，在全体村民的共同努力下，发生了翻天覆地的变化的故事。6．细节理解题。根据文中“IntheancientChinesestory,YuGongcouldmovemountainswithhisstrongwillandhardwork,whycan’twe?”可知，张贵顺用愚公的故事来激励村民是因为愚公意志坚强，工作努力。故选A。7．细节理解题。根据文中“LedbythemunistPartyofChina（中国共产党）,thevillagerscarriedwaterandsoiltotheirvillagefromfarawayplacestoimprovetheirland.”可知，从1966年到1971年，村民们把水和土壤运到他们的村庄改善土地来改善他们的生活状况。故选B。8．推理判断题。根据文中“LedbythemunistPartyofChina（中国共产党）,thevillagerscarriedwaterandsoiltotheirvillagefromfarawayplacestoimprovetheirland.From1966to.1971,theyreclaimed（开垦）lotsoflandandgreatlyimprovedtheirlife.”和“andvillagersstartedgrapecultivation,whichsoonbecameamainindustryinShashiyu.”可推理出，沙石峪的村民是很勤奋的。故选A。9．推理判断题。根据文中“In2009,thecitylevelgovernmentinvestedover1millionyuan($152,723)tochangethevillage’sexhibitionhallintoamuseuminmemoryofdevelopmenteffortsmadebyearliergenerations.After10years,thevillagewascalled“NationalForestVillage”.”可推理出，沙石峪在2019年被称为“国家森林村”。故选D。10．推理判断题。短文主要记叙了河北省的一个贫困村——沙市峪在中国共产党脱贫攻坚的正确领导下，在全体村民的共同努力下，发生了翻天覆地的变化的故事,这是一篇新闻报道，故推理出，你可能在报纸上读到这篇文章。故选B。11．C12．B13．A14．B15．A【分析】本篇文章难度是适中，主要讲述几个消除贫困的方法。11．细节理解题。根据Another842millionpeople,oroneineightpeople,donothaveenoughtoeat,today可知，如今，其他的8亿四千二百万人，或者八分之一的人没有足够的吃的，故选C。12．细节理解题。根据Forthepoor,laborisoftentheonlythingtheycanusetoimprovetheirwellbeing可知，对于穷人来说，劳动往往是他们唯一可以用来改善生活的东西，故选B。13．主旨大意题。根据Theeducationofgirlsandwomenimpacts(影响)therestofthesocieties以及第四段可知，讲述女孩和女人的教育影响着社会，所以是女孩和妇女接受教育的重要性，故选A。14．细节理解题。根据ThepresidentoftheWorldBank,JimYongKim可知，他是世界银行行长，故选B。15．细节理解题。根据Creatingjobs、Theeducationofgirlsandwomenimpacts(影响)therestofthesocieties、TheUnitedStateshasn’traisedthelowestpaysince2007、ThepresidentoftheWorldBank,JimYongKim,saysthathebelieves“healthcarecoveringinallcountriescanhelpachieveagoalofendingextremepovertyby2030可知，总共提出了四个方法：创造就业机会、女孩和妇女接受教育、健康医疗和提高最低工资。故选A。16．A17．B18．C19．D【分析】2019年是中华人民共和国成立70周年。本文介绍了中国的发展，以及为了对抗贫穷做出的努力。16．细节理解题。根据“In2010,ChinaovertookJapantobeethesecondlargesteconomyintheworldaftertheUS.”可知2010年，中国超过日本，成为仅次于美国的世界第二大经济体。故选A。17．细节理解题。根据“Itbuiltroads,createdjobs,andgavepeoplebettereduca