北京市房山区2024届高三下学期一模试题 英语 含答案

2024北京房山高三一模英语本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。EmilyBhatnagarlivesinGaithersburg,Maryland.Shehasalwaysloved1.Asareallyshygirl,shealwaysturnedtobooks,whichsortofbecameherbestfriendswhenshedidn’thaveone.In2019,whenherdadwasdiagnosedwithcancer,itwasadifficulttimeforherfamilyandbooksbecameanevenbigger2.Shestartedthinkingaboutpeoplein3situations.Whenherfatherrecovered,shehadoverwhelminggratitudetothedoctorsforperformingsuchamiracle,butalsoahintofsadnessaboutkidswhowerefightingthesamebattle.Atthatverymoment,shecameupwithaplan.Shewantedtodothingsforthe4.ShestartedabookdrivecalledForLove&Buttercupinherhometown.Thegoalwasto5booksandgivethemtokidsbeingtreatedforcancerinlocalhospitals.Atfirst,Emilyhadnoideahowmuch6herworkwouldget.Shestartedbypostingonsocialmedia,askingpeopleinherareato7.Shewasexpectingmaybetwoorthree8fromneighbors,butitendedupblowingup,9whennewsstationsbeganreportingit.Sincethestartofthebookdrive,Emilyhascollectedmorethan10,000books.NowEmilycontinuestorunthebookdrive.Shehopesto10theprojectonedaytoreachmorekids.Thememoryofthefirsttimeshevisitedchildrenwho’dreceivedherbooksstickswithher.“Itwasthebestdayofmylife,”shesays.“IrealizedIwantedtodothistypeofworkforever.”1.A.readingB.postingC.drivingD.writing2.A.friendB.projectC.guideD.comfort3.A.severeB.similarC.simpleD.shocking4.A.hospitalsB.schoolsC.neighbourhoodD.committee5.A.purchaseB.collectC.distributeD.exhibit6.A.attentionB.intentionC.discussionD.rejection7.A.spreadB.donateC.promoteD.approve8.A.commentsB.likesC.lettersD.responses9.A.naturallyB.automaticallyC.especiallyD.specifically10.A.expandB.evaluateC.manageD.monitor第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AHumankind’sgrowingneedforfoodisrunningupagainstthousandsofotherspecies’needforspace.By2050,humansmayneedtoclearanadditional3.35millionsquare11(kilometer)oflandforagriculture.12(transform)theselargelynaturalhabitatswouldsqueezemorethan17,000vertebratespeciesfromsomeoftheirlands.Butchanginghowandwherefood13(grow)canminimizetheimpacts.“Wecanfeedtheplanetwithoutmessingituptoobadly,”saysconservationscientistDavidWilliams.BSaturdaynotonlymarkedthelastdayofChina’s2024SpringFestivalholiday,butalsoclosedouttheeight-daydomesticfilmperiod,14endedstronglyasthehighest-grossingChineseNewYearholidayinthehistoryofdomesticcinema.Accordingtoareport,over163millionpeople15(go)tocinemas,a26%increasefromthe2023SpringFestivalholiday.Andbox-officesalesreachedmorethan8billionyuan,up18%16(compare)tolastyear’sholidayperiod.CThedragon,afamousbeastbornfromfantasy,17(exercise)aholdonpeople’simaginationovercenturies.IntraditionalChineseculture,adragonisasymbolofluck,powerandhighstatus.Theycancauseweatherchangesandbringrainfalltothefields18(ensure)richharvests.Therefore,tosymbolizetheirpower,ancientChineseemperorsdecoratedtheirclothes19dragonpatterns.ManyChineseviewthedragonasanationalsymbol,20(proud)referringtothemselvesas“descendantsofthedragon”.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AVolunteerinAfricaDreamingofvolunteeringinAfrica?InternationalVolunteerHQ(IVHQ)willenableyoutobeimmersedinvibrantcultures,discoveruniquewildlifeandmakevaluablecontributionstothelocalcommunities.CommonquestionsaboutvolunteeringinAfricalWhatvolunteerworkinAfricadoesIVHQoffer?WhetheryouwanttovolunteerandteachEnglishinAfrica,supportconstructionprojects,wildlifevolunteering,ornursingandmedicalvolunteerabroadprojects,IVHQhasvolunteerworkinAfricathatissuitableforvolunteerswitharangeofskillsandexperience.lHowmuchdoesitcosttovolunteerinAfrica?OurfullyhostedAfricavolunteerprogramsstartfromaslittleas$20/day!Thisincludesyouraccommodation,meals,airportpickup,orientationandcomprehensivesupportservicesthatyouwon’tfindelsewhere.lIsitsafetovolunteerinAfrica?Wehaveacomprehensiveapproachtomanagingsafetyandreducingrisksacrossallofourprograms,whichgivesvolunteerstheknowledgeandconfidencetheyneedtostaysafe,secureandhealthy.Thisincludes:üAlllocalteamsaretrainedinvolunteermanagement,arerequiredtoundertakefirstaidtrainingandensurethatprogramsadheretoIVHQ’sRiskManagementPolicy.üAllIVHQvolunteersreceivepre-departureand24/7in-countrysupport,arerequiredtohavetravelinsuranceandarestronglyencouragedtotakeouronlinepre-departuretrainingwhichcanbeaccessedforfree.lHowtovolunteerinAfricaApplyingtovolunteerinAfricaissimple!Onceyou’vedecidedwhichcountryyouwanttovolunteerinandwhichAfricaprojectyouwouldliketojoin,youcanapply.It’sfree,onlytakesafewminutesandthereisnocommitmentneededatthisstage.OurteamofVolunteerTravelSpecialistswillthenguideyouthroughthenextstepstosecureyourspotandstartpreparingforyourtrip.21.InAfrica,IVHQvolunteerscan_______.A.manageconstructionprojectsB.organizeprogramorientationC.workaslanguageteachersD.undertakefirstaidtraining22.WhatdoesIVHQprovidetoensurethesafetyofvolunteers?A.Volunteerprojectssuitableforall.B.Anonlinepre-departuretraining.C.Well-trainedlocalcommunities.D.Lecturesonculturaldifference.23.Whichofthefollowingshouldbedoneattheapplicationstage?A.Selectingcountriesandprojects.B.Obtainingpassportsandvisas.C.Makingsomecommitments.D.Arrangingaccommodations.BThatdaywhenLudwigvanBeethovendiedwasoneofthesaddestofmylife.Ihadstayedwithhimformorethantwentyyearsandlivedthroughmanyofhishappiestmomentsandhistriumphsaswellashismostunhappytimes.Hewasn’t,however,theeasiestofmentoworkfor.Hismoodswerechangeablesothathecouldbereasonableatonemomentbutmostimpatientandintolerantatthenext.Alltheseproblemsbeganin1802whenhediscoveredhislossofhearingwasnottemporary.Thelossofhearingbroughthimtoacrossroadsinhislife.Itwasthenthatherealizedthathisfuturelayincomposingmusic.Luckily,althoughhisdeafnessbroughthimfearandanxiety,hewasabletousetheseemotionstoinspirehiswork.Dealingwithhisinnerproblemsandworries,hismusicwasobviouslysubjective,whichwasnotthemostpopulartypeofitstime.Butpeoplerecognizedhisgreatness.Theydidsoevenwhentheyknewhecouldnotacknowledgeit.Whenhewasconductinghisninthandlastsymphonyonitsfirstperformancehewastotallydeaf.Sohejustdidn’trealizethatthemusichadfinishedandcontinuedtoconducttheorchestra.Oneofthesingershadtoturnhimroundsohecouldreceivethecheersoftheaudience.Fromoneangleitwasasadmomentbutfromanotheritwasanevengreatertriumph.Thatamanwithsuchaconditioncouldhavewrittensuchdynamicmusicwasoverwhelming!ItbroughttearstomyeyestothinkthatIhadcontributedinsomesmallwaybylookingafterhim.Hedressedratherlikeawildmanhimself.Hishairwasalwaysuntidy,hisskinmarkedwithspotsandhismouthsetinadownwardcurve.Hetooknocareofhisappearanceandwalkedaroundourcitywithhisclothescarelesslyarranged.Thiswasbecausehewasconcentratingonhisnextcomposition.Helpinghimmovehousemanytimes,preparinghismealsandlookingafterhiseverydaycomfortsweremyrewardforalifelivingsoclosetosuchamusicalgenius.Iconsidermyselfaluckyman!24.TheauthorwasmostlikelytobeBeethoven’s_______.A.studentB.doctorC.servantD.relative25.Whatcanbelearnedfromthispassage?A.Beethoven’smusicwasunderestimatedatthattime.B.Beethoven’sworkwasinspiredbyhisfearandanger.C.Beethoven’smusicstayedinstepwiththemainstreammusicofthetime.D.Beethovenlosthisabilitytohearwhenfirstconductinghisninthsymphony.26.WhydidtheauthortearinParagraph4?A.Becausetheperformancewasacompletesuccess.B.BecauseheplayedapartinBeethoven’ssuccess.C.BecauseBeethovenwascompletelydeafthen.D.BecausetheaudiencecheeredforBeethoven.27.Accordingtotheauthor,Beethovencouldbedescribedas_______.A.intolerantbutcheerfulB.stubbornbutreasonableC.changeablebutdedicatedD.unsociablebuteasy-goingCClinicalintuitionisfinallygettingtherespectitmayhavelongdeserved.Newresearchissupportingaprocessthatcombinesrapidjudgmentsandperceptionsthatoccuroutsideofconsciousawareness—awayofknowingsomethingwithoutknowinghowyouknowit.ThevalueofclinicalintuitioninmedicineisnowbeingstudiedandbecomingparticularlyrelevantasinterestgrowsindevelopingAIsystemsthatcananalyzemedicaldatatodiagnoseortreatpatients.Astudyin2023foundthatclinicalintuitionfromphysiotherapistsontheprognosisforfunctionalrecoveryamongpatientswascloselyassociatedwiththerecoveryafterwards.Anotherstudyconcludedthatincomparisontorelyingonlyonclinicaldata,“preoperativesurgeonintuitionaloneisanindependentpredictorofpatientoutcomes.”“Thisisacognitiveprocess.Clinicalintuitionisaboutexpertise,knowledge,andpatternrecognitionthataccumulatethroughexperience.Themindisputtingtogetherallkindsofinformationandsequencingitinwaysthatsaythispersonisreallysick—ornot,”saysMeredithVanstone,anassociateprofessorinMcMasterUniversity.Giventhedepthofthiscognitiveprocess,someexpertsareskepticalthatAItechnologycanmakemedicaldecisionsaswellasahumanphysician.“Asphysiciansgothroughyearsofinteractionswithpatientsandseeingthousandsofcases,thosegutfeelingsbecomeasortofsummarystatementofalltheexperiencesthey’veseen,”saysMohammadGhassemi,aresearcheratMichiganStateUniversity.“Clinicianscanobservedifferentthingsthatarenotalwayscapturedormadeavailablebymachines.”Researchersfoundthatphysiciansandnursespracticinginamedicalspecialtyinvolvingahighlikelihoodofanemergencyordimensionsofcomplexityaremorelikelytouseintuitivedecision-makingintheirpractice.“Assurgeons,thefirstthingweneedtodoislookatthepatientbecausethestructureddatamaynotbeconsistentwithwhatweseewiththepatient,”saysGabrielBratfromHarvardMedicalSchool.Researchhasfoundthatclinicalintuitionfromnursesandphysiciansaboutthechancesthatolderpatientsvisitingemergencydepartmentswoulddieorhaveotheradverseoutcomeswithin30dayswashighlyaccurate.Noneofknownexperiencessuggestthatclinicalintuitionshouldbeblindlyactedupon.Makingclinicaldecisionssolelyonthebasisofaphysician’sintuitionisn’tthewaytogo,expertssay.Butrelyingsolelyonmedicalalgorithms(mathematicalmodels)thatgeneratepredictionsabouthowapatientislikelytorespondtodifferenttreatmentsisn’tthebestcourseofactioneither.Tooptimizepatientcare,someexpertsbelieveahybridapproachthatintegratesclinicalintuition,predictivealgorithms,patientpreferences,andotherkeyfactorsisessential.28.Accordingtothepassage,clinicalintuitionisinfluencedby_______.A.rapidjudgementB.medicalalgorithmsC.consciousawarenessD.professionalknowledge29.WhichofthefollowingwouldMohammadGhassemiagree?A.Clinicianshaveasharpeyeforapatient’scondition.B.Machinesalwaysgeneratemoreaccuratepredictions.C.Doctorsshouldsummarizetheexperiencesthey’veseen.D.Physicians’interactionswithpatientshavebeendevalued.30.WhydoestheauthormentiontheresearchfindinginParagraph6?A.Tointroducethewideuseofclinicalintuition.B.Toexplainthelogicchainofclinicalintuition.C.Toprovetheaccuracyofclinicalintuition.D.Topresentfeedbacksonclinicalintuition.DAgoodmealhasapositiveimpactonone’smood.ThosewhofeastonChristmasbuffetalmostenjoyanimmediateriseintheirbloodsugar.Thatwillpromptafloodofchemicalsthatactashappyhormonestorushthroughtheirbrains.Butthepleasuregoesdeeper.Tyrosineandtryptophanareneededfortheproduction,respectively,ofdopamine,aneurotransmitter(神经传递素)thatcontrolsfeelingsofpleasureandreward,andserotonin,anothersuch,whichhelpsregulatemood.AndcranberriesarehighinvitaminC,whichisinvolvedinconvertingdopaminetonoradrenaline,anotherneurotransmitter,andalackofwhichseemstobeassociatedwithdepression.Withmental-healthdisordersrising,agrowingnumberofscientistsareinvestigatinghowfoodornutritionalsupplementsaffectthemind.Butseparatingthebrain’snutritionalneedsfromthoseoftherestofthebodyisdifficult.Notpossiblefornow,atleast.And,comparedwithotherfields,nutritionalscienceisunderstudied.Thatispartlybecauseitishardtodowell.Randomisedcontrolledtrials(rcts),usedtotestdrugs,aretricky.Fewpeoplewanttosticktoanexperimentaldietforyears.Instead,mostnutritionalscienceisbasedonobservationalstudiesthattrytoestablishassociationsbetweenparticularfoodsornutrientsanddiseases.Theycannotbeusedtodefinitivelyproveacausal(因果关系的)connectionbetweenadiseaseandaparticularcontributingfactorinadiet.Butaswithsmokingandlungcancer,puttogetherenoughofthesekindsoftrialsandcausalnarrativesbegintoemerge.Itisnowclearthatsomedietsareparticularlygoodforthebrain.Onerecentstudyconcludesthatstickingtothe“Mediterraneandiet”,highinvegetables,fruit,pulsesandwholegrains,lowinredandprocessedmeatsandsaturatedfats,decreasesthechancesofexperiencingstrokes,cognitiveimpairmentanddepression.Otherrecentworklookingata“green”Mediterraneandiethighinpolyphenolsfounditreducedage-relatedbrainatrophy.Anotherversion,theminddiet,emphasises,amongotherthings,eatingberriesoverotherkindsoffruitandseemstolessentheriskofdementia.Scientiststhinksuchdietsmayworkbyreducinginflammationinthebrain.This,inturn,mayaffectareassuchasthehippocampus,whichisassociatedwithlearning,memoryandmoodregulation—andwherenewneuronsgrowinadults.Studiesinanimalsshowthatwhentheyarefedadietrichinomega-3fattyacids(fromwalnuts,forexample),flavonoids(consumedmainlyviateaandwine),antioxidants(foundinberries)andresveratrol(foundinredgrapes),neurongrowthisstimulatedandinflammatoryprocessesarereduced.Thisfitswithresearchsuggestingthatthosewhoregularlyeatultra-processed,friedandsugaryfoods,whichincreaseinflammationinthebrain,heightentheirriskofdevelopingdepression.31.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplace“tricky”inParagraph3?A.Rare.B.Tough.C.Traditional.D.Contradictory.32.Howdoresearchersdoobservationalstudiesinnutritionalscience?A.Bykeepingatanexperimentaldietforyears.B.Bycarryingoutrandomizedcontrolledtrials.C.Byidentifyingaparticularcontributingfactor.D.Bycomparingfindingsofcertainkindsoftrials.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Adietrichinfruitisgoodforcognitiveabilities.B.Peoplefondofsugaryfoodsmaybearisklover.C.Redgrapesaddfueltoinflammationinthebrain.D.Drinkingteacansolveage-relatedbrainproblems.34.Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?A.Thelinksbetweendietsanddiseases.B.ThesignificanceofMediterraneandiet.C.Thefunctionofvariousneurotransmitters.D.Theinfluenceofnutrientsonmentalhealth.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ThebeginningoftheYearoftheDragonhasforeshadoweda“SongofIceandFire”withtheemergenceofSora,atext-to-videoAImodel.VideosgeneratedbySoradisplaystrongconsistencywhenitcomestocharactersandbackgrounds,andsupportcontinuousshotsofupto60seconds,includinghighlydetailedsettingsandmultiplecameraangles.35However,filminsidersnotedthatcurrently,AI-generated60-secondvideoscannotsupportthecreationofafull-lengthmovie,andtheideathatAItoolswill“bomb”thefilmandtelevisionindustryissofarunfounded.Meanwhile,expertssaynottoworryexcessively,astheintegrationofAIwillhelpoptimizecertainoccupations,attractmoreinnovativetalentsandbringnewpossibilitiestothefilmandtelevisionindustry.36Fromtheageoffilmstocktothedigitalage,frompracticaleffectstodigitaleffects,from2Dto3D,Sora,likeanytechnologicalrevolutioninthecentury-longhistoryoffilm,willimproveproductionefficiency,updateproductionandmayevencreatenewgenresandtrendsinfilmmaking.37StudentslearningfilmproductioncanviewSoraasahelpfulassistanttounleashtheirsci-fiimagination.FacingthepanicsignalsthatAItoolswillthreatentheglobalfilmindustry,filminsidersarguedthatthefundamentalDNAoffilmisartandthathumancreativitycannotbereplaced.38Manydirectors,screenwriters,andactorsachievegreatworksbycontinuouslyintegratingpersonalemotionsandlifeexperiences.ThiskindofindividualcreativitycannotbeimitatedbymachineslikeSora.39However,justastheinventionofprintingdidnotreplaceliteratureortheinventionofphotographydidnotreplacepainting,Soraanditssubsequentupdatesandupgradeswillnotreplacefilmbecausethecoreoftheseartformsiscreativity,whichisauniqueaspectofhumanthought.A.WithOpenAI’siterationspeed,producingAIvideosdozensofminuteslongisnotfaroff.B.Itisalsolikelytobeincorporatedintofilmandtelevisioneducationandtraininginthefuture.C.Filmandtelevisionarecloselylinkedtotechnologicaladvancements,whichstimulatecreativity.D.Sorawillundoubtedlypromptchangesinexistingindustrialproductionandmayevenreplacesomejobs.E.Soraisundoubtedly“moreofanopportunitythanachallenge”fortheglobalfilmandtelevisionindustry.F.Creativityandfilmproductionrequirestheintegrationofemotionalexperiencesandindividualmemories.G.Thisimpliesthatwithjustatextdescription,ordinarypeopleusingSoramaybeabletobecome“greatdirectors”.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，满分32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Asthesayinggoes,‘timewaitsfornoman’.Timeisalwaysagainstus,andwejustcan’tstopit.Maybethat’swhysomeofusarealwaysrunninglateforappointments.Butiftimekeepingisnotwhatyou’regoodat,don’tstress.Theremightbeagoodreasonforyourlackofpunctuality.People’sattitudestobeingontimevary.Someclock-watchandmakesurethey’rebangontimeforameeting.Itis,afterall,rudetobelate,andifyoucanmakeitontime,whycan’teveryoneelse?Butif,likeme,youwanttomakeeverysecondcount,youmighttrytosqueezeasmuchasyoucanintothetimeyouhaveavailable.However,whenyourscheduledoesn’truntoplan,yourpunctualityinevitablyslips.Peoplewholackpromptnesshavebeendescribedas‘timebenders’.AuthorGracePacietoldtheBBCthat“they’rethepeoplewhodon’twanttobelate,buttheyhaveastrangeresistancetobeingearly,andtheydon’tallowenoughtime.”Theyassumetheirjourneytoanappointmentwillalwaysgosmoothly,andthetrainwillalwaysbeontime!Perceptionsofunpunctualpeoplearealmostalwaysnegative—evenifsometimeswrong.Expertssay:Beingconsistentlylatemightnotbeyourfault.Itcouldbeyourtype.Thepunctually-challengedoftensharepersonalitycharacteristics,suchasoptimism,lowlevelsofself-control,anxiety,orapenchantforthrill-seeking.Itisalsopossiblepeoplearelatesonottobeconspicuousandtoavoidtheanxiouswaitforotherstoturnup.MaybeuslatecomersshouldmakemoreofaneffortandfollowtheadviceIheardtonot‘try’tobeontimebut‘decide’tobeontime.40.Whatdoes‘timebenders’referto?____________________________________________________________________________41.Whatarethepersonalitycharacteristicsoftimebenders?____________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.ØAccordingtoGracePacie,timebendersdon’tcareaboutbeinglatesotheydon’tallowenoughtime.____________________________________________________________________________43.Whatdoyouusuallydotobeontime?(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________________________第二节作文（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim计划明年来北京上大学学习中文，特发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：1.表示欢迎；2.推荐他上哪所大学；3.建议他做哪些准备工作。注意：1.词数100词左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________