辽宁省普通高中2024-2025学年上学期期初模拟考试英语试题（解析版）

辽宁省普通高中2024-2025学年上学期期初模拟考试

英语试题

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅

读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?

A.Buyaglass.B.Attendaconference.C.Pickoutadoll.

【答案】A

【原文】M:IsyourconferenceinPrague?CouldIaskyouafavor?

W:Sure,aslongasitisn'taboutpickingoutdollsforallyourrelatives.

M:No,IbrokeadrinkingglassIboughtthere,socouldyougetmeone?

2.Wherearetheoldcases?

A.Intheboxes.B.Inthebookcase.C.Inthedrawers.

【答案】C

【原文】M:DoyoulikethewayIorganizedthefilesinthebookcase,Ms.Stanford?

W:Yes,you'vedoneagoodjoboforganizingthem,butwhatdidyoudowiththeoldcasesinthe

yellowboxes?

M:Imovedthoseintothedrawers,sincewedon'tusethemveryoften.

3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Agame.B.Aparty.C.Afestival.

【答案】C

【原文】M:WatchthisTVprogram.Whataretheydoing?

W:TheyarecelebratingHalloween.

M:Howdotheycelebrateit?

W:Well,childrenusuallydressupinscaryclothesandplaytricksonothers.

4.WhydidthemangotoItaly?

A.Totakephotos.B.Toexhibitatagallery.C.Totryarestaurant.

【答案】A

【原文】W:HowwasyourtriptoItaly?

M:Incredible.TheColosseumwasamazing,PisawasbeautifulbutthemagicofVenicewasthe

best.Igotsomeamazingphotostherethatrilbeabletoexhibitatthegallery.

W:Great,lefsmeetattherestaurantandgothroughwhatwecanshow.

5.Whateventdidthemanparticipatein?

A.Wasterecycling.B.Beachcleaning.C.Treeplanting.

【答案】B

【原文】W:So,whafsnextwiththeenvironmentclub,Sammy?Treeplanting?

M:Well,wejustcollectedbeachrubbishandlearnedaboutkeepingouroceansclean.So,thistime

we'reintotheforestforclean-up.Maybewe'llfindsomerecyclablegarbagethisweekend.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，

每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

6.WhydidGarethJonesquitthegamehalfway?

A.Hegothurt.

B.Hewastootired.

C.Hebrokematchrules.

7.WhatwillthespeakersdonextSaturday?

A.VisitGareth.B.Seeagame.C.Playamatch.

【答案】6.A7.B

［详解］W:DidyouseetheFrance-WalesmatchonTVlastnight?Exciting!Waleswon!Everyone

wasoverthemoon!

M:Yeah,Iwastoo.Iwatcheditwithmydad.WhydidGarethJonesquithalfwaythough-didthe

refereedecidehewasinthewrong?

W:No,6hedidsomethingtohisankle,didn'the?

M:Oh,right.Idon'tthinkifsseriousthough.He'sintheteamfornextSaturday.

W:Great,rilbewatchingthattoo.Doyouwanttocomeroundtomyplaceandwatchitwithme?

M:Wow,goodidea.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Danni'smom.B.Theman'sattitude.C.Doctors9devotion.

9.Howhasthecathelpedthewoman'smother?

A.Bysendingherflowers.

B.Byprovidingcompany.

C.Byregulatingheralife.

【答案】8.A9.B

【原文】M:Danni,how'syourmom?

W:She'smuchbetternow.Thanks,Tom.Shewantedmetothankyoufortheflowersandsaidthey

werebeautiful.Ifsalovelygesture.Ifsniceknowingthecommunitycaresabouther.

M:It'sareliefknowingthatwiththeoperationshe'llmovearoundbetterandliveamore

comfortablelife.

W:Yeah,althoughitishardattimes.Ithinkthecathashelpedtoo.Ifsbeenasourceofcomfort

andmadehersmileregularly.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

10.WhydoesthemanlikeRussiannovels?

A.Becausetheyarewelltranslated.

B.Becausetheyhelphimtofallasleep.

C.Becausetheyconcentrateonpeople'sordinarylives.

11.Forwhatdoesthewomandomuchreading?

A.Pleasure.B.Novelwriting.C.Herwork.

12.Whatcanweknowaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?

A.ShelikesJoyce'snovels.

B.Shehasbeenbusyrecently.

C.Shereadsmuchtoberewarded.

【答案】10.c11.C12.B

【原文】W:John,whatkindofbooksdoyoulike?

M:Well,IlikeRussiannovelsbecausethegreatestwritersdealwithpeople'sdailylife-whywe

dothethingswedo,whatwedotorealizeourdreams,etc.OtherthingsIlikereadingaretheworks

oftheIrishwriterJamesJoyce.Whataboutyou,Laura?

W:Well,atthemomentIdosomuchbackgroundreadingformyworkasatranslator.Ifsrewarding

——don'tgetmewrong.Ithelpsmebeexactinmyjob.Ireallyusedtoenjoyfiction.ButnowIdon't

particularlyreadforpleasurebecauseIdon'thavethetime.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

13.Whatdoesthewomanintendtodo?

A.Getapartinaplay.

B.Knowmoreaboutarole.

C.Rememberthelineofaplay.

14.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?

A.Giveheraleadrole.

B.Getheracopyoftheplay.

C.Helpherprepareforthetryouts.

15.Whatistheman?

A.Anactor.B.Adirector.C.Ateacher.

16.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Inatheater.B.Inacollege.C.Inacompany.

【答案】13.A14.C15.B16.A

【原文】M:Areyouinterestedintryingoutfortheplay,Barbara?

W:Oh,yes.

M:Whatpartareyouinterestedin?

W:Well,rdliketotryforaleadrole,butI'dbehappytohaveanypart.Youknow,Fvebeen

studyingtheplaydayandnight,andIreallybelieveIcangetarole.

M:Well,you'reofftoagoodstart.Ilikethat.Ifyouneedanyassistancegettingreadyforthetryouts,

rilbehereonMondayeveningnextweek.

W:Thatwouldbewonderful!Everyonesaysyouareagreatdirector.

M:Well,thankyou,butthatwon'tgetyouthepart.Hardworkandeffortmight,though.WillIsee

youhereatthetheater?

W:Yes.Tmlookingforwardtoit.I'llstudyallweekend,andbyMondayI'llknoweverylineinthe

play.

M:Oh,no.Whatyoumustdoischooseascenethatwillbestshowyouractingtalent.

W:Oh,Isee.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

17.WhatkindofplacedoesPartyTimeEventsprovide?

A.Restaurants.B.Boats.C.Offices.

18.WhatarelistenersadvisedtodiscusswithMr.Johnson?

A.Howmuchtopayfortherent.

B.Howtoarrangeatmosphereforaparty.

C.Howmanycoursestoprepareforameal.

19.Whatdopeopleneedtopayextrafor?

A.Countrymusic.B.Dancemusic.C.Liveentertainment.

20.WhereistheofficeofPartyTimeEvents?

A.Nexttoabar.

B.Atthebackofabar.

C.InfrontoftheLochmeadLeisureCenter.

【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.A

【原文】W:Areyouthinkingofhavingacelebrationbutaren'tsurewhattodoorwheretogo?

PartyTimeEventsofferanoriginalandpopularplacetocelebrateanyevent,anditisperfectfor

officeparties.Wehaveboatsavailable12monthsoftheyeartoentertaingroupsofbetween10and

50people.Tripsareusuallybetweentwoandfivehours,andcantakeplaceintheeveningor

afternoon.Wecansupplyadeliciousthree-coursemeal-allpreparedonboardofcoursebyour

topchefs.However,wedoaskyoutoorderyourmealatleastoneweekbeforetheevent.Please

feelfreetotalkwithMr.Johnson,ourgeneralmanager,inordertoarrangetheperfectatmosphere

fbryourparty.With15years5experience,we'reabletomakesuggestionstosuitanymood.The

priceofhiringtheboatincludescountryordancemusic.Wecanalsosupplyliveentertainmentat

anextracost,whichvariesfromjazzbandstoacomedyshowormagician.Youcanbookthrough

ourwebsiteorbytelephone.

Alternativelyyoucancometoouroffice,whichisintheLochmeadLeisureCenter.Ourofficeisat

thebackofthecenterbesidethebar,andourstaffwillbeveryhappytodiscussyourarrangements.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将

该项涂黑。

A

AptitudeTestsRecommendations

Aptitudetestsarehelpfultojobseekersofallages.Whilecareerquizzesexploreyourvalues

andworkstyle,aptitudetestsprovideamoreobjectiveevaluationofyourskills,helpingyouselect

acareeryou'remostlikelytosucceedin.Belowaresomeofthebestaptitudetestsoutthere.

CliftonStrengths

TheCliftonStrengthsprogramwascreatedbasedonresearcharoundleadership.Theresearch

inquestionpointedtocommonstrengthsamongsuccessfulleaders,likestrategicthinking,

adaptabilityandcommunication.Tocompletethetest,youmustansweraround150questions,each

within20seconds.AllenCheung,atechblogger,notesthatCliftonStrengthsismorevaluablethan

youraveragecareertestbecauseitincludes“trickyquestionswhicharen'taseasilygamed".

RedBullWingfinder

Developedandtestedoutbypsychologyexperts,theRedBullWingfinderassessesyour

thinkingunderpressure.Questionsincludeimagesorting,logicpuzzlesandleadership-related

questions.Onceyoucompletethetest,you511receiveaninereportandcareercoachingtailored

toyourresults.

SEIDevelopmentReport

TheSEIDevelopmentReportisanextensiveEQaptitudetestthathastimedright-and-wrong

answersthatassesseightfundamentals,includingemotionalliteracy,emotionalmanagementand

empathy.Attheend,you511receivea20reportwithrecommendedcoursesonworkplaceEQ

development.

CareerOneStop

Whileitonlytakesafewminutestocomplete,theCareerOneStopSkillsAssessmentwillhelp

yourankbothyourtechnicalandsoftskills.Thecareersuggestionsattheendcanbesortedby

relevance,annualwages,andjoboutlook,coupledwithwithprofessionalcoachingorconsultation

improveyourskills.

21.Whatdoaptitudetestsmainlyassessforjobseekers?

A.Theirworkethics.B.Theircareerinterest.

C.Theirpreferredworkstyle.D.Theirprofessionalcompetence.

22.WhatisauniquefeatureofCliftonStrengths?

A.Itevaluatesleadershipskills.B.Itisdevelopedbyexperts.

C.Itincludeschallengingquestions.D.Itoffersacomprehensivereport.

23.Whichtestsuitsajobseekerwhopreferscategorizedsuggestionsandcareercoaching?

A.CliftonStrengthsB.RedBullWingfinder

C.SEIDevelopmentReportD.CareerOneStop

【答案】21.D22.C23.D

【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍和解释不同种类的能力倾向测试及其特点，为

读者（尤其是求职者）提供关于如何通过这些测试来了解自身职业潜能的信息和建议。

[21题详解】

推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Aptitudetestsarehelpfultojobseekersofallages.Whilecareer

quizzesexploreyourvaluesandworkstyle,aptitudetestsprovideamoreobjectiveevaluationof

yourskills,helpingyouselectacareeryou'remostlikelytosucceedin.（能力倾向测试对所有年

龄段的求职者都很有帮助。职业测验考察的是你的价值观和工作方式，而能力倾向测验则是

对你的技能进行更客观的评估，帮助你选择最有可能成功的职业。）”可知，能力测试主要评

估求职者的专业能力。故选D。

【22题详解】

推理判断题。由文章CliftonStrengths部分中“AllenCheung,atechblogger,notesthat

CliftonStrengthsismorevaluablethanyouraveragecareertestbecauseitincludes“trickyquestions

whicharen'taseasilygamed”.（科技博客作者艾伦・张指出，CliftonStrengths比一般的职业测试

更有价值，因为它包含了“不那么容易应付的棘手问题”。广可知，克利夫顿优势的独特之处

是其中包括具有挑战性的问题。故选C。

【23题详解】

推理判断题。由文章CareerOneStop部分中“Thecareersuggestionsattheendcanbesortedby

relevance,annualwages,andjoboutlook,coupledwithwithprofessionalcoachingorconsultation

improveyourskills.（最后的职业建议可以根据相关度、年薪和工作前景进行分类，再加上专

业的指导或咨询，可以提高你的技能。）”可知，CareerOneStop适合喜欢分类建议和职业指导

的求职者。故选D。

B

Educationin2080isdistinctivefromeducationinthe2020s.Untilabout2035,themain

functionofeducationsystemswastosupplytheeconomywiththenextgenerationofworkers.In

2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewell-beingofsocietyandallitsmembers.Tomakethisabit

moretangibleforyou,Iwouldliketogiveanexampleofwhatachild'seducationlookslikein

2080.HernameisShemsy.Shemsyis13,andsheisconfidentandloveslearning.

Shemsydoesnotgotoschoolinthemorningbecauseschoolsasyouknowthemnolonger

exist.Theinstitutionwasabolishedasitwaswidelythoughtofasmorelikeaprisonorafactory

thanacreativelearningenvironment.Schoolshavebeenreplacedwith'"LearningHubs“thatare

notrestrictedtocertainages.Theyarewhereintergenerationallearninghappens,inlinewiththe

beliefthatlearningisalifelongpursuit.

Everyyear,ShemsydesignsherlearningjourneyfortheyearwithahighlyattentiveCtteacher-

citizen^^.Shemsyisactivelyengagedindesigninghereducationandhastoproposeprojectsshe

wouldliketobeinvolvedintocontributetoandservehercommunity.Shealsospendslotsoftime

playingastheroleofplayinlearninghasfinallybeenrecognizedasessentialandcoretoour

humanity.Shemsyworksalotcollaboratively.Accesstoeducationisuniversal,andhigher

educationinstitutionsnolongerdifferentiatethemselvesbyhowmanypeopletheyrejectyearly.

Variabilitybetweenstudentsisexpectedandleveraged（不!J用）asyoungpeopleteachoneanother

andusetheirdifferencesasasourceofstrength.Shemsynaturallyexploreswhatsheiscurious

aboutatapaceshesets.Shestillhassomeclassestotakethataremandatoryforchildrenglobally:

BeingHumanandtheHistoryofHumanity.

Weinviteyoutothinkaboutyourvisionforeducationintheyear2080,whatdoesitlooklike,

whodoesitserve,andhowdoesittransformoursocieties?

24.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytellus?

A.Therearedifferenttypesofeducation.

B.Thepresenteducationneedsimprovements.

C.Educationandeconomyarecloselyassociated.

D.Thegoaloffutureeducationisfundamentallydifferent.

25.WhatdoweknowabouttheLearningHubthatShemsygoesto?

A.Itacceptsstudentsofallages.B.Itpromotescompetition.

C.Itdiscouragesindividualizedlearning.D.Itisallaboutplay-basedlearning.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mandatory“inparagraph3mean?

A.Tough.B.Satisfactory.C.Optional.D.Required.

27.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AnExampletoAllB.AVisionforEducation

C.AChallengeforEducationD.AJourneyintotheFuture

【答案】24.D25.A26.D27.B

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是对2080年的教育的展望。

[24题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段"Untilabout2035,themainfunctionofeducationsystemswastosupply

theeconomywiththenextgenerationofworkers.In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewell­

beingofsocietyandallitsmembers.（直到2035年左右，教育系统的主要功能是为经济提供下

一代工人。在2080年，教育的目的是社会及其所有成员的福祉。）”可知，第一段主要告诉

我们未来教育的目标是完全不同的。故选D。

[25题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“Schoolshavebeenreplacedwith"'LearningHubs"thatarenotrestricted

tocertainages.（学校已经被不受年龄限制的“学习中心”所取代。）“可知，Shemsy去的学习中

心接受所有年龄的学生。故选A。

【26题详解】

词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“BeingHumanandtheHistoryofHumanity（做人和人类历史）“可

知，做人和人类历史应该是全球儿童必修的课程，划线词mandatory的意思是“必修的”，和

required意思相近，故选D。

[27题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewell-beingof

societyandallitsmembers.Tomakethisabitmoretangibleforyou,Iwouldliketogiveanexample

ofwhatachild'seducationlookslikein2080.（在2080年，教育的目的是社会及其所有成员的

福祉。为了让你们更明白这一点，我想举一个2080年儿童教育的例子。厂可知，本文主要

介绍的是对2080年的教育的展望，因此最恰当的标题是B选项“AVisionforEducation（教育

远景）故选B。

c

Haveyoueverseenyourcatordogeatinggrass?Theydosobecauseitcanhelptheirdigestion,

andmanywildspeciesusenaturalsubstancestopreventandcontroldiseases.Thisiscalled"zoo

pharmacognosy^^or,morecommonly,animalself-medication.

Scientistshavediscoveredthattamarinmonkeysuseaspecifictreeresin（树脂）asmedicine.

IntheBrazilianAtlanticForest,scientistsfollowedseveralgroupsofthemtocollectdata.During

oneofthesedailystudies,tamarinmonkeyswereobservedrubbingtheirbodiesonthetrunkofa

tree.Atfirst,researchersthoughtthattheyweremarkingtheirterritory,acommonbehaviourinthis

species.Botanicalexpertslaterconfirmedthatthetreewasaspeciesofcabreuva,whichiswell

knownforitsmedicalproperties.

Researchersdecidedtoplacecamera-trapsindifferentsitesatthefootofthetreetorecord

futurevisitsbytamarinmonkeys.Therecordssurprisinglyshowedthatmanyanimalslivinginthe

forestvisitedit.Totally,tenspecieswereobserved.Formanyofthem,itwasthefirsttimethat

behaviorssimilartoself-medicationhadbeenobserved.Moresurprisingly,onespeciesspreadresin

oneachother9sfurinpairs.Ingeneral,thespeciesseemedtospecificallyvisitthetreetoacquire

theresinandseeminglybenefitfromit,eitherhealingtheirwoundsorfightingbackparasites（寄生

虫）.

Whilefurtherstudiesareneededtoidentifythepropertiesoftheresinandthusconfirmthat

thisisindeedself-medication,theuseofitsuggeststhatcabreuvarepresentsacommonand

universaldrugstorefortheresidentsoftheBrazilianAtlanticForest.Itislikelytobeavaluable

resourcehelpingthespeciesmaintaintheirmagnitedebyimprovingtheirhealth.

Thisdiscoverycouldhaveanimportantprotectioninfluence,asthedisappearanceofsome

treescouldpotentiallyaffectthesurvivalofsomeanimals.

28.Whydotamarinmonkeysrubthemselvesagainstthetree?

A.Theywouldliketodigestwhattheyeat.

B.Theyaretryingtocurediseases.

C.Theyareattractingcompanions?attention.

D.Theyfeellikeoccupyingtheland.

29.Whatdoresearchersfindthroughcamera-traps?

A.Animalscanhelpeachothercleanthefur.

B.Manyanimalscopymonkeys'behaviors.

C.Resincanbeusedasmedicineforsomeanimals

D.Thecabreduvaisthehabitatoftamarinmonkeys.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“magnitude“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Characteristics.B.Populations.

C.Flexibilities.D.Similarities.

31.Whatisthepossiblesignificanceofthediscovery?

A.Increasingtheproductionofresin.

B.Promotingevolutionofcreatures.

C.Motivatingthestudyofmonkeys9diet.

D.Contributingtoforestconservation.

【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.D

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了研究人员发现动物会使用一种特殊的树树脂

作为药物来疗伤。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及发现。

[28题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段"Duringoneofthesedailystudies,tamarinmonkeyswereobserved

rubbingtheirbodiesonthetrunkofatree.Atfirst,researchersthoughtthattheyweremarkingtheir

territory,acommonbehaviourinthisspecies.Botanicalexpertslaterconfirmedthatthetreewasa

speciesofcabreuva,whichiswellknownforitsmedicalproperties.（在其中一项日常研究中，研

究人员观察到绢毛猴在树干上摩擦身体。起初，研究人员认为它们是在标记自己的领地，这

是这种物种的常见行为。植物学专家后来证实，这棵树是一种以其药用特性而闻名的红檀香广

可知，绢毛猴要在树上摩擦自己是为了努力治疗疾病。故选B项。

[29题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段"Researchersdecidedtoplacecamera-trapsindifferentsitesatthefoot

ofthetreetorecordfuturevisitsbytamarinmonkeys.Therecordssurprisinglyshowedthatmany

animalslivingintheforestvisitedit.Totally,tenspecieswereobserved.Formanyofthem,itwas

thefirsttimethatbehaviorssimilartoself-medicationhadbeenobserved.Moresurprisingly,one

speciesspreadresinoneachother?sfiirinpairs.Ingeneral,thespeciesseemedtospecificallyvisit

thetreetoacquiretheresinandseeminglybenefitfromit,eitherhealingtheirwoundsorfighting

backparasites（寄生虫）.（研究人员决定在树脚的不同位置放置相机陷阱，以记录未来绢毛猴

的访问。令人惊讶的是，记录显示许多生活在森林里的动物来过这里。共观察到10种。对

他们中的许多人来说，这是第一次观察到类似于自我药物治疗的行为。更令人惊讶的是，一

个物种会成对地在对方的皮毛上涂抹树脂。一般来说，这些物种似乎专门访问树来获取树脂，

并从中受益，要么治愈伤口，要么击退寄生虫。户可知，研究人员通过相机陷阱发现树脂可

以用作一些动物的药。故选C项。

[30题详解】

词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Itislikelytobeavaluableresourcehelpingthespeciesmaintain

their”以及后文“byimprovingtheirhealth”可知，红檀香是一种宝贵的资源，所以通过改善它

们的健康状况可以有助于保持红檀香树木的数量。故划线词意思是“数量”与B项意思相近。

故选B项。

【31题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段"Thisdiscoverycouldhaveanimportantprotectioninfluence,asthe

disappearanceofsometreescouldpotentiallyaffectthesurvivalofsomeanimals.(这一发现可能

会对保护产生重要影响，因为一些树木的消失可能会影响一些动物的生存)”可知，这一发现

的可能意义是有助于森林保护。故选D项。

D

Isforgivenessagainstourhumannature?Toanswerourquestion,weneedtoaskafurther

question:Whatistheessenceofourhumanity?Forthesakeofsimplicity,peopleconsidertwo

distinctlydifferentviewsofhumanity.Thefirstviewinvolvesdominanceandpower.Inanearly

paperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans9

essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasic

nature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffer

mercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.

Thesecondviewinvolvesthethemeofcooperation,mutualrespect,andevenloveasthebasis

ofwhoweareashumans.Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothto

receivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeof

individualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopower

overothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.Forexample,howwellhasslaveryworked

asamodeofsocialharmony?

Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthe

biologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneofthe

outcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandthe

restorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeople

fromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomakethe

requiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.

Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,we

seethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybomwiththecapacity

toforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.The

actualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.

32.WhatisDroll'sideaaboutforgiveness?

A.Peopleshouldoffermercytoothers.

B.Peoplewhoforgivecanhavetheirownwelfareaffected.

C.Forgivenessdependsonthenatureofhumanity.

D.Aggressivepeopleshouldlearntoforgive.

33.WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph2illustrate?

A.Toforgiveistolove.B.Tofightistogrow.

C.Todominateistoharm.D.Togiveistoreceive.

34.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardforgiveness?

A.Objective.B.Reserved.C.Favorable.D.Skeptical.

35.Whatismessageofthelastparagraph?

A.Forgivenessisinournature.B.Forgivenessgrowswithtime.

C.Actualityisbasedonpotentiality.D.Ittakespracticetoforgive.

【答案】32.B33.C34.C35.D

【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的

探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。

[32题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)

madetheinterestingclaimthathumans5essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.

Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversare

compromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageof

them.（在一篇关于宽恕心理学的早期论文中，Droll（1984）提出了一个有趣的观点，即人类的

本质比宽恕所允许的更具攻击性。那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤

害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，而这些人可能会利

用他们。）”可知，Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他认为

宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选B。

【33题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第二段所举例子上文“Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,

weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswitha

widerangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthe

willtopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.（研究人员发现，为了全面

成长为人类，我们既需要从别人那里接受爱，也需要向别人提供爱。没有爱，我们与生活中

各种各样的人的联系就会破裂。甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互

动。）”可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动；

奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦。"Forexample,

howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?（例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种

模式发挥了多大的作用?）”通过以奴隶社会举例，以反问的方式，来阐明试图通过支配和权

力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选C。

【34题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,

forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsand

communitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthe

decreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.At

leasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessand

arepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnect

people.（从作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生理和心理完整性方面都起着

关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨，恢复和谐。宽恕可以打破愤怒

的循环。至少在某种程度上，与你疏远的人接受你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽

恕可以治愈人际关系，重新连接人际关系。）”可知，作者认为原谅在个体和社区生物学和心

理学完整性中的关键作用，指出原谅能够减少仇恨、恢复和谐，并且能够打破愤怒的循环。

作者还提到原谅可以治愈关系，让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对于原谅持有支

持的态度。故选C。

[35题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophical

perspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenot

necessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandto

growinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflict

situations,developswithpractice.（值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的角度，即亚里士多德

的角度来看，我们会看到潜在性和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但

我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。宽恕的现实性，它在冲突情境中的实际运

用，是随着实践而发展的。）”可知，最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引

用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点，指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需

要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因