英语语法之名词专项练习

英语语法之名词专项练习二.知识归纳、分析与总结1.名词的定义名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称。例如：worker工人desk桌子hospital医院time时间honesty诚实2.名词的分类名词分为专有名词和普通名词普通名词：表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如：teacher老师tea茶reform改革专有名词：表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。China中国Asia亚洲Beijing北京名词又可分为可数名词（CountableNouns）和不可数名词（UncountableNouns）。可数名词有单,复数之分,表示一个或多个。abook一本书twobooks两本书不可数名词：不分单,复数；抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。sand沙sugar糖有少数名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。glass玻璃glass玻璃杯paper纸paper报纸,文件3.名词的功能名词在句中作主语,宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。Thebagisinthedesk.bag作主语。书包在桌子里边。Iwashedmyclothesyesterday.clothes作宾语。昨天我洗了我的衣服。Thisisagoodbook.book作表语。这是一本好书。Weelectedhimourmonitor.monitor作宾语补助语。我们选他为我们的班长。Maryliveswithherparents.parents作介词宾语。玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。HeisaPartymember.Party作定语.他是一名党员。Theystudyharddayandnight.dayandnight作状语。他们不分白天黑夜地学习。4.名词的数英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,表示一个人或事物用单数形式,表示一个以上的人或事物用复数形式。abook一本书twobooks两本书abag一个包threebags三个包名词的单数形式就是词典上所出现的形式,没有变化,如：apen,abed,aroom,anEnglishbook。名词的复数形式,多数名词的复数形式在其单数形式后面加—s或—es构成,名词复数形式变化如下。构成读音例词一般情况下,在词尾加—s.1.在清辅音后读/s/.2.在浊辅音、元音后读/z/.1.maps/s/desks/s/2.days/z/dogs/z/以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后面加—es+es读/iz/class—classes/siz/box—boxes/siz/brush—brushes/iz/watch—watches/tiz/以e结尾的名词后面加—s+s读/iz/houses/ziz/horses/ziz/以—f或—fe结尾的名词,把—f或—fe变成—ves—ves读/vz/bookshelves/vz/wives/vz/knives/vz/以辅音+y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es—ies读/iz/cities/iz/babies/iz/factories/iz/以辅音+o结尾的名词,加—es,—s读/z/heroes/z/potatoes/z/tomatoes/z/注：极少数名词虽然以—o或者—f结尾,变成复数则只加—s,为数不多,如radios,pianos,photos,roofs等。英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要一一记忆，常见的有，man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,mouse—mice,ox—oxen,sheep—sheep,dear—dear,fish–fish英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。scissors剪刀goods货物trousers裤子clothes衣服glasses玻璃杯people人police警察stockings长裤socks短袜boots靴子

5.名词的格在英语中,名词的格有三个,主格,宾格和所有格。它们的形式及其变化表示与其他词的关系。实际上,主格和宾格通过它在句中的作用和位置来确定。Thebirdisinthetree.鸟在树上。bird作主语,是主格。Isawafilmyesterday.昨天我看了一场电影。film作宾语,是宾格。名词的所有格：名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。LuXun’sbookisworthreading.鲁迅的书值得一读。Thisismyfather’sroom.这是我父亲的房间。以—s或—es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加“’”。Therearemanystudents’exercisebookshere.这儿有许多学生的练习本。复合名词的所有格“’s”加在后面的名词之后。Thisismyson—in—law’sbike.这是我女婿的自行车。如果一样东西为两人共有,则只在后一个名词后加"’s"。WevisitedXiaoLiandXiaoZhang’sroom.我们参观了小李和小张的房间。名词所有格所修饰的词,有时可以省略。如前文已经提到,或者指地点。Thebookisnotmine,butLiHua’s.这本书不是我的，是李华的。Ihadmyhaircutinthebarber’s.我在理发店理发了。表示无生命东西的名词所有格,一般与of构成短语表示前者属于后者。It’samapofChina.它是一幅中国地图。BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中国的首都。【典型例题】1.Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?A.potato B.potatos C.potatoes D.potatoe答案：C句意：我们需要更多的土豆。你能带过来一些吗？解析：potato土豆是可数名词。因为有some修饰所以potato要用复数形式。以辅音+o结尾的名词后面要+es。所以C.potatoes是正确答案。2.Whatbig____thetigerhas!A.tooth B.teeth C.tooths D.toothes答案：B句意：老虎长着多么大、多么锋利的牙齿呀！解析：牙齿tooth的复数形式是teeth3.Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.A.leafs B.leaves C.leaf D.leave答案：B句意：请记得喂马一些树叶。解析：树叶leaf是以f结尾的，所以它的复数形式是变f为v，再加es4.—Canwehavesome___?—Yes,please.A.banana B.oranges C.apple D.pear答案：B句意：—能给我们一些橘子吗？—好的。解析：some修饰名词复数。四个选项中只有B.oranges是复数。5.Onthetabletherearefive____.A.tomatos B.pieceoftomatoesC.tomatoes D.tomato答案：C句意：桌子上有五个西红柿。解析：tomato,辅音+o结尾的名词变复数后面要加es【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）一.单项选择1.Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.A.ideas B.photos C.information D.stories2.Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit.A.someadvices B.someadviceC.anadvice D.aadvice3.Whenwesawhisface,weknew___wasbad.A.somenews B.anews C.thenews D.news4.What___lovelyweatheritis!A./ B.the C.an D.a5.—Wouldyoulike___tea?—No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo____.A.any,bottlesoforange B.some,bottlesoforangeC.many,bottlesoforanges D.few,bottleoforanges6.Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.A.twobreads B.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbread D.twopiecesofbreads7.Itreallytookhim：___todrawthenicehorse.A.sometimes B.hour C.longtime D.sometime8.Iwouldliketohave___.A.twoglassesofmilk B.twoglassofmilkC.twoglassesofmilks D.twoglassofmilks9.Canyougiveme____?A.atea B.somecupoftea C.acuptea D.acupoftea10.Pleasegiveme___paper.A.one B.apiece C.a D.apieceof11.Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoes B.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoes D.twopairsshoes12.—Howmany____haveyougotonyourfarm?—I’vegotfive.A.sheeps B.sheep C.pig D.chicken13.Some___cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.Germans B.Germen C.Germany D.Germanies14.Inthepicturetherearemany____andtwo____.A.sheep;foxes C.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;fox D.sheep;foxs15.Agroupof______willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.Hungarian B.Australian C.Japanese D.American16.Thistableismadeof___.A.manyglass B.glasses C.someglasses D.glass17.—Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?—I’dlike____.A.chicken B.achicken C.chickens D.thechicken18.Childrenshouldmake____foroldpeopleinabus.A.room B.aroom C.rooms D.theroom19.Tablesaremadeof___.A.wood B.somewoods C.wooden D.woods20.Iwonderwhy______aresointerestedinaction(武打片)films.A.people B.peoples C.thepeople D.thepeoples21.Ihaveread____oftheyoungwriter.A.works B.work C.thisworks D.theworks22.Let’smeetat7：30outsidethegateof___?A.thePeople’sPark B.thePeoples’ParkC.thePeoplePark D.People’sPark23.___Chinesepeopleare___hardworkingpeople.A./;a B.We;the C.The;the D.The;a24.Howmany____werethereinthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened?A.policeman B.polices C.police D.peoples25.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.A.set B.one C.piece D.pair26.LastweekIboughtaTV____.A.pair B.set C.piece D.block27.Thereisa____ofwoodleftontheground.A.cup B.piece C.box D.pair28.Therearesixty—seven___inourschool.A.women’steacher B.womenteachersC.womanteachers D.womenteacher29.Therearefive___inourfactory.A.womandriver B.womendriverC.womandrivers D.womendrivers30.These____weresenttothevillagestohelpthefarmers.A.womendoctor B.womendoctorsC.womandoctors D.womandoctor31.Theywritemostoftheir.___inEnglish.A.businessletter B.businesslettersC.businesses D.businessesletters32.Wecametoa___atlastandwentin.A.watchshop B.watchesshopC.watchingshop D.watchsshop33.Thisshopsellsapples,bananasandthingslikethese.It’sa___A.foodshop B.bookshop C.fruitshop D.vegetableshop34.Shebrokea___whileshewaswashingup.A.glassofwine B.glassforwineC.glasswine D.wineglass35.I’veforgottenbothofthe____.A.roomnumbers B.roomsnumberC.roomsnumbers D.roomnumber36.September10this____inChina.A.Teacher’sDay B.Teachers’DayC.TeacherDay D.TeachersDay37.—Isthebroomunder____desk?—No,it’sunder____,.A.theteacher’s;my B.teacher’s;mineC.teacher’s;me D.theteacher’s;mine38.Excuseme,whereisthe___?A.men’sroom B.mens’room C.men’srooms D.menrooms39.Thefootballunderthebedis____.A.LilyandLucy B.Lily’sandLucy’sC.Lily’sandLucy D.LilyandLucy’s40Thisismy____dictionary.A.sisterMary B.sister’sC.sisterMary’s D.sister’sMary’s41.Hewentto___shoptobuyashirt.A.atailor B.thetailor C.atailors D.thetailors’42.Joanis____.A.Mary’sandJacksister B.MaryandJack’ssisterC.MaryandJacksister D.Mary’sandJack’ssister二.完形填空Adriverwasgoingbycarthroughacountry.Hesawadog1aman.Asthecarcamenearthem,2dogsuddenlystartedtocrosstheroad.Thepooranimalwas3andkilled.Thedriver4hiscarandwalkedtowardstheman.“I’mvery5thatthishappened.”hesaid,“Willfivepoundsbeenough?”“Oh6,”saidtheman.“Fivepoundswill7,”Themanputthemoneyinhispocket,andasthecarhad8,helookeddownatthe9animalandthought.“Iwonder10dogitwas.”1.A.after B.behind C.back D.between2.A.the B.a C.an D.some3.A.taken B.caught C.hit D.followed4.A.started B.stopped C.pulled D.cleaned5.A.glad B.afraid C.sorry D.happy6.A.yes B.no C.not D.yet7.A.beenough B.belost C.bereturned D.notbeenough8.A.repaired B.arrived C.came D.gone9.A.dead B.die C.death D.dying10.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which三.阅读理解Agoodreaderislikeadriververymuch.Hemustchangehisreadingspeedtofithispurposeandmaterialheisreading,justasadriverdoesfittheroadsituation.Agoodreadermaybeabletoreadathousandwordsperminute（WPM）,buthewon’tusethespeedforeverythinghereads.Agoodreaderdoingresearchreadinginthelibrarymayreadatthespeedof1,000wordsperminuteashelooksformaterialforareport.Butoncehefindsomethingthatisusefultohim,hemayneedtoslowdownto100WPM.Agoodreadermayreadnewspaperandmagazinearticleat600WPM.Butitmaytakehim150WPMtoreadhisscienceormathstext.Justasadriverhasawidechangeofspeed,sohasagoodreader.1.Accordingtothewriter,goodreadercan.A.readat1,000WPMB.oftengotothelibraryC.spendmoretimereadingD.changethespeedasneeded2.Thepassagetellsusthatthespeedofreadingdependson.a.thememberofbooks b.thepurposeofreadingc.thetimewhenyouarereadingd.thematerialthatyouarereading e.theplacewhereyouarereadingA.aandbB.b,canddC.banddD.a,dande3.Agoodreadermayusehighestspeedofreadingwhen.A.hereadsnewspaperandmagazineB.hereadsthematerialmostusefultohimC.heistryingtoworkoutamathproblemD.heistryingtofindmaterialforhisreport4.Thepassagesuggests（暗示）thatagooddrivershould.A.beabletodriveatahighspeedB.begoodatchangingdrivingspeedC.beabletodriveinallkindsofweatherD.begoodatdrivingonacountryroad5.Thispassageismainlyabout.A.thebestwayoffastreadingB.thedifferencebetweendrivingandreadingC.theimportanceofhavingdifferentreadingspeedD.therelationbetweenreadinganddrivingspeed四.句型转换及完成句子1.Hisworkisalmostfinished.Hisworkisfinished.2.Becausetherewasnorainforthreemonths,allthecropsnearlydied.Astheofforthreemonthsallthecropsnearlydied.3.Wecanseemanytreesoneachsideofthestreets.Manytreescanonsidesofthestreet.4.PleasetellmewhereIcanfindhim.Pleasetellmewhere.5.大米需要在恰当的时候收割。Riceshould.6.惟一的问题是你没有足够的钱。thatyoudon’thaveenoughmoney.7.所以土壤不会被轻易的冲走。Sothesoil.8.我洗好了衬衣以便第二天穿。