新高考2025届高考英语小题必练14阅读理解之推理判断题

Page12小题必练14小题必练14：阅读理解之推理推断题(1)推理推断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细微环节的示意，做出确定的推断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。(2)主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的实力以及考生的识别实力。(3)推理推断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。1.推断隐含意义——逻辑分析得结论【典例】（2024·全国1卷B篇节选）TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisEmestHemningway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人沉醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.Helovespoetry.B.He’saneditor.C.He’sveryambitious.D.Heteachesreading.【答案】A【解析】推理推断题。依据“ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.”第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《挽救暮光之城:诗歌精选》，因为诗歌。可知，作者是由于喜爱诗歌而喜爱这本书。故选A项。【点拨】第一步确定题干中的关键信息其次步在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围，立足原文，再结合语境和生活常识进行合乎逻辑的推理推断。2.写作意图类——文体特点看意图【典例】（2024·全国2卷C篇节选）UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.【答案】A【解析】推理推断题。由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。【点拨】写作意图通常有以下三种：(1)toentertainreaders/totellanexperience常见于记叙文、个人经验或故事类的文章。(2)topersuadereaders/tosellaproductoraservice/toattractreadersorvisitors常见于广告。(3)toinformreaders/toreport/totell/todescribe...多见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类的文章，以及劝说类或建议性的文章。3.观点看法类——依据措辞定看法【典例】（2024·全国1卷C篇节选）Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical. B.Objective. C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.【答案】B【解析】推理推断题。探讨表明，竞走和跑步一样有许多健身好处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此推断出作者对于竞走的看法是客观的。故选B项。【点拨】1.留意作者或文中人物的措辞：文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或看法往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。(1)正确驾驭字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不行用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、看法或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平常所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景学问来进行合理的推断。2.牢记常见有关作者情感看法的词语：(1)表示支持或确定：positive主动乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；humorous幽默的；enthusiastic热忱的；pleasant开心的。(2)表示中立：indifferent不感爱好的，漠不关切的；uninterested不感爱好的；objective客观的；neutral中立的；notmentioned未提及的。(3)表示反对或否定：disgusted憎恶的，厌恶的；critical指责的；negative否定的，消极的；suspicious/skeptical怀疑的；disappointed悲观的；disapproving不赞成的。ASpotifycantellifyou'resad.Here'swhythatshouldscareyou.Wanttofigureoutifsomeoneisapatientwithamentaldisability：Askthemwhattheirfavoritesongis.ANewYorkUniversitystudylastyearfoundthatpeoplewholovedEminem'sLoseYourselfandJustinBieber'sWhatDoYouMean?weremorelikelytohavetroublewithmentaldisabilitiesthanpeoplewhowereintoDireStraits.Overthepastfewyears,Spotifyhasbeenimprovingtheabilitytoanalyzeinformationtohelpbusinessmentargetconsumerswithadvertisementsmadespeciallyfortheirneeds.Theyconcludethisfromthesortofmusicyou'relisteningto,combinedwithwhereandwhenyou'relisteningtoit,alongwiththird­partydatathatmightbeavailable.Now,tobeclear,there'snothingsignificantlyillegalaboutwhatSpotifyisdoingwithyourinformation.Icertainlydon'tthinkthattheyareworkingwithshadowyconsultingfirmstoserveyouadssellingaculturestrugglewhileyou'relisteningtomusicthatsuggestsyoumightbeinaterriblesituation.However,Ifinditdisappointingthatourpersonal,privatemomentswithmusicareincreasinglybeingturnedintoinformationpointsandofferedtoadvertisers.Youcanseewherethiscouldgo,can'tyou?Asadtargetinggetsevermoreaccurate,businessmenwillhavetheabilitytotargetourfeelingsinpotentiallyimproperways.Accordingtoonestudy,youaremorelikelytospendmoreonaproductifyou'refeelingsad.Youcanimaginesomecompaniesmighttakeadvantageofthat.Andonthatnote,I'mfeelingalittledownaboutallthis.Headofftotreatmyselftosomethingexpensive.语篇解读：音乐服务平台Spotify能通过用户所听歌曲的类型来推断用户的心情，进而将用户的信息供应应商人，帮助他们锁定消费者，促其消费，这种行为导致作者对其特别悲观。1.What’sthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroduceanewsong.B．Todrawreaders'attention.C．Tohelpmorepatients.D．Topromoteanewmedium.【答案】B【解析】推理推断题。作者以令人感爱好的话题引入，吸引读者留意力，进而在其次段中提出主题，由此可知，第一段的目的是引起读者的爱好，故选B项。2.WhydoesSpotifyimproveitsabilitytoanalyzeinformation?A．Toprovideservicesforthegovernment.B．Toworkwithshadowyconsultingfirms.C．Togetlisteners'personalinformation.D．Tohelpbusinessmenattractconsumers.【答案】D【解析】细微环节理解题。依据其次段第一句“...Spotifyhasbeenimprovingtheabilitytoanalyzeinformationtohelpbusinessmentargetconsumerswithadvertisementsmadespeciallyfortheirneeds.”可知，Spotify始终在提高其分析信息的实力，其目的是帮助商人吸引消费者，故选D项。3．What'stheauthor’sattitudetowardSpotify?A．Uncertain. B．Supportive.C．Positive. D．Dissatisfied.【答案】D【解析】推理推断题。依据第三段最终一句“However,Ifinditdisappointingthat...”和最终一段中的“Andonthatnote,I'mfeelingalittledownaboutallthis.”可知，作者对Spotify很悲观，故选D项。4.Whoisthetextprobablydesignedfor?A．Musiclovers. B．Officials.C．Researchers. D．Managers.【答案】A【解析】推理推断题。依据其次段中的“thesortofmusicyou'relisteningto”和第三段中的“whileyou'relisteningtomusic”可知，本文主要针对音乐爱好者而写，故选A项。BTechnologyoffersconveniencessuchasopeningthegaragedoorfromyourcarorchangingthetelevisionstationwithouttouchingtheTV.NowoneAmericancompanyisofferingitsemployeesanewconvenience:amicrochipimplanted(植入)intheirhands.Employeeswhohavethesechipscandoallkindsofthingsjustbywavingtheirhands.ThreeSquareMarketisofferingtoimplantmicrochipsinalloftheiremployeesforfree.Eachchipcosts$300andThreeSquareMarketwillpayforthechip.Employeescanvolunteertohavethechipsimplantedintheirhands.About50outof80employeeshavechosentodoso.Thepresidentofthecompany,hiswifeandtheirchildrenarealsogettingchipsimplantedintheirhands.Thechipisaboutthesizeofagrainofrice.Implantingthechiponlytakesaboutasecondandissaidtohurtonlyverybriefly.Thechipsgoundertheskinbetweenthethumbandforefinger.Withachipinthehand,apersoncanentertheofficebuilding,buyfood,signintocomputersandmore,simplybywavingthathandnearascanner.Thechipswillbealsousedtoidentifyemployees.Employeeswhowantconvenience,butdonotwanttohaveamicrochipimplantedundertheirskin,canwearawristband(腕带)oraringwithachipinstead.Theycanperformthesametaskswithawaveoftheirhandsasiftheyhadanimplantedchip.ThreeSquareMarketisthefirstcompanyintheUnitedStatestooffertoimplantchipsinitsemployees.Epicenter,acompanyinSweden,hasbeenimplantingchipsinitsemployeesforawhile.ThreeSquareMarketsaysthechipcannottracktheemployees.Thecompanysaysscannerscanreadthechipsonlywhentheyarewithinafewinchesofthem.“Thechipsprotectagainstidentitytheft,similar,tocreditcards.”TheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationapprovedthechipsbackin2004,sotheyshouldbesafeforhumans,accordingtothecompany.Inthefuture,peoplewiththechipsmaybeabletodomorewiththem,evenoutsidetheoffice.ToddWestbyisChiefExecutiveOfficerofThreeSquareMarket.Hesays,“Eventually,thistechnologywillbecomestandardizedallowingyoutousethisasyourpassport,publictransit,allpurchasingopportunities,etc.”语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种可以植入员工手中的微型芯片，介绍了该芯片的优势，以及人们对此的看法。5．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thesubstitutesofthechips.B．Theadvantagesofthechips.C．Theplacestoimplantthechips.D．Thepotentialrisksofimplantingthechips.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。依据第三段“Withachipinthehand,apersoncanentertheofficebuilding,buyfood,signintocomputersandmore,simplybywavingthathandnearascanner.Thechipswillbealsousedtoidentifyemployees.”可知手握芯片，人们可以进入办公楼，购买食物，登录电脑等等，只需在扫描仪旁边挥动这只手。这些芯片还将被用来识别员工。由此可知，第三段主要是在说明这种芯片能够给人们带来便利的优势。故选B。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph5referto?A．thehands B．theemployees C．thecreditcards D．thescanners【答案】D【解析】词义揣测题。扫描仪只能在芯片离扫描仪不到几英寸的地方读取芯片。由此可知，此处“them”指代上文中的thescanners“扫描仪”。故选D。7．Wecaninferthat________.A．thechipsarepopularamongtheemployeesB．thechipshavemagicpowersC．thepriceofthechipsisreasonableD．mostpeoplesuspecttheapplicationofthechips【答案】A【解析】推理推断题。依据其次段中“About50outof80employeeshavechosentodoso.”超半数的员工选择植入微型芯片，由此可知该芯片受欢迎。故选A。8．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesToddWestby’sattitudetowardsthechips?A．Defensive. B．Disappointing. C．Optimistic. D．Casual.【答案】C【解析】推理推断题。依据最终一段中Hesays,“Eventually,thistechnologywillbecomestandardizedallowingyoutousethisasyourpassport,publictransit,allpurchasingopportunities,etc.”这项技术将会标准化，你可以将其用作护照、公共交通工具、支付方式等。”由此可推知，ToddWestby对芯片的看法是乐观的。故选C。CKevinRandall,ateacher,whoteachesbiologyatGrandvilleHighSchool,runstheenvironmentalclubatthehighschool,whichhasaround2,000students.TheclubisknownastheGHSGreenTeam,anditaimstoraiseawarenessamongstudentsandteachersaboutsustainability(持续性).Italsoworksonprojectstoreducetheenvironmentalfootprintofthebuildingitself.Oneoftheclub'srecentprojectsfocusedonreducingwasteintheschoolcafeteria.Randallsaidtheircafeteriasupervisortoldthemthattheschoolwentthrough54,000plasticforkseveryyear.Theclubappliedforafinancialhelp,builtrecyclingcentersforthecafeteria,andpurchasedmetalsilverware.Andnoweverystudentusesadurablemetalforkoraspooninsteadofdisposables.(一次性用品),“andthat'sjustonewaywe'retryingtocapturethelow-hangingfruit,ifyouwill,”Randallsaid.TheeffortsofRandallandhisstudentshaveearnedGrandvilleHighSchooltheMichiganGreenSchoolcertificationfromthestate.Inadditiontotheirworkreducingwasteinthecafeteria,theGHSGreenTeamhasalsobuiltagardenwithflowersandvegetablesoncampus,andleadscleanupsonsiteandoutinthecommunity.Overtheyears,Randallandhisstudentshavealsobeenworkingonraisingmoneytoinstallsolarpanels(太阳能板)ontheroofofthehighschool.Randallsaidhewasmotivatedtotaketheleadonenvironmentalissuesforhisschoolbecausehewantedhisstudentstohavesomeonetoturntointhebuildingwhounderstandswhat'satstake(利害攸关）whenitcomestoclimatechange.“AndIalsofeltlikeIneededtodomoreinmylifeformyowntwochildrenathome,”Randalladded,“Theyneedtoknowthattheirdadisworkingashardashecantoreducetheeffectsofclimatechange,andtospreadtheword,andtomakesurethatotherstudentsouttherearelearningaboutthisjustthewaytheyareathome.”语篇解读：这是一篇记叙文。讲解并描述了KevinRandall老师在学校组织了一个环保俱乐部，带领学生进行环境爱护相关的活动及成就，提高学生环境爱护意识的故事。9．WhatisthepurposeoftheGHSGreenTeamclub?A．Toinspirestudents'loveforbiology.B．Tofinishtheprojectsassignedbyschool.C．Topreparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs.D．Topromoteenvironmentalprotection.【答案】D【解析】推理推断题。依据第一段“itaimstoraiseawarenessamongstudentsandteachersaboutsustainability(持续性).Italsoworksonprojectstoreducetheenvironmentalfootprintofthebuildingitself.”（它旨在增加学生们和老师们关于可持续发展的意识。它也致力于削减建筑本身的环境面积的项目。）可知，theGHSGreenTeamclub的目的在于促进环境爱护。故选D。10．What'stheresultoftheprojectonschoolcafeteria?A．Ithaschangedtheoutlookofthecafeteria.B．Studentscanhavemorefruitsinthecafeteria.C．Plasticforksarenolongerusedinthecafeteria.D．Theschoolhasbecomefamousnationwide.【答案】C【解析】细微环节理解题。依据第三段“Andnoweverystudentusesadurablemetalforkoraspooninsteadofdisposables.(一次性用品),”（现在每个学生都运用耐用的金属餐叉或勺子，而不是一次性餐具。）可知，学校餐厅项目的结果是餐厅不再运用塑料餐具。故选C。11．What'sthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theclassificationoftheprojects.B．Thecharacteristicsoftheclub.C．Theactivitiesorganizedbytheclub.D．Thefutureoftheclub.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。依据第四段内容，“reducingwasteinthecafeteria”（削减餐厅废物的垃圾）；“builtagardenwithflowersandvegetablesoncampus”(在校内里建立了有鲜花和蔬菜的花园）;“installsolarpanels(太阳能板)ontheroofofthehighschool”（在中学屋顶安装太阳能电池板）;可知第四段的主要介绍了这个俱乐部组织的活动有哪些。故选C。12．WhatwasRandall’saimbydoingtheworkonenvironmentalissues?A．Toeducatetheyoung.B．Togetmaterialrewards.C．Toamusehischildren.D．Tomakehimselffamous.【答案】A【解析】推理推断题。依据倒数其次段“becausehewantedhisstudentstohavesomeonetoturntointhebuildingwhounderstandswhat'satstake(利害攸关）whenitcomestoclimatechange.”（因为他想要让他教学楼里的学生能够变成理解气候改变的利害相关的人。）可知，Randall的目的在于教化年轻人。故选A。DWhilewemaythinkitfeelsgoodtocomplain,complaininghassomebadeffectsassociatedwithit.Whyisn'tcomplainingbeneficial?Researchshowsthatitconnectsourbrainwithnegativity.Thebrainisdesignedtoworkefficiently.Thismeansthatwhenwerepeatathought,negativeorpositive,thenervecellsformabridgebetweeneachothertopassinformationinahigherspeed.Therefore,thenexttimewehaveasimilartypeofthought,itismoreeasilypassed.Thisexplainswhycertainthoughtpatternsbecomehabits.Yettheharmfuleffectsdon'tstopthere.Astudyshowthatcomplainingcausesthehippocampus(海马),whichplaysavitalroleinproblem­solving,tobecomesmaller.Inadditiontocausingbraindamage,complainingalsoreleasesastresshormone：cortisol(皮质醇),akindofchemicalthebodyproduceswhenwemeetwithsomedanger.Constantlyhavingahighlevelofcortisolresultsinhighbloodpressure,highbloodsugar,andlowerimmunity(免疫力)．Theilleffectsofourcomplainingaren'tjustlimitedtoourselves:theyalsoinvolvethosearoundus.Wetendtomirrorthemoodsofourfriends.Forthisreason,weshouldbecautiousabouthavingstubborncomplainersinourcircleofcompanions.Thebestwaytodealwithconstantnegativityistodevelopasenseofgratitude.Justlikecomplainingactsasapoison,gratitudeactsasamedicine.Researchshowsitlowerscortisollevelsby23percent,aswellasreducesbloodpressureandbloodsugar.Italsodecreasestirednessanddepression.Gratitudeistheperfectcureforcomp