名词性从句复习讲义 高三英语一轮复习

名词性从句复习注意：1.在名词性从句中，连接词的选择要根据从句的句意和上下文来确定。2.当从句是陈述句时，通常使用连接词that（可省略，但在正式文体中建议保留）；当从句是疑问句时，通常使用whether/if（表示选择或疑问）或连接代词/副词（表示具体的疑问内容）。3.在宾语从句中，当从句是特殊疑问句时，其语序要调整为陈述句语序。4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别在于：同位语从句是对前面名词或代词的具体内容的阐述或解释，而定语从句则是对前面名词或代词的修饰和限定。主语从句定义：在句子中充当主语成分的从句。引导词：that,whether,if,who,whom,which,what,whose,how,when,where等。使用原则：主语从句通常位于句首，用于描述句子的主要动作或状态的执行者或承受者。它可以是陈述句、疑问句或祈使句（但祈使句作为主语从句的情况较少见）。构成：主语从句通常由连接词that（可省略，但当从句中有疑问词或表示否定、强调等意义的词时，通常不省略）或whether/if（表示选择或疑问）引导，后面跟完整的句子结构。例句：Whathesaidmademethinkdeeply.Whetherhewillcomeornotisstillamystery.Howwecansolvetheproblemisourmainconcern.Thattheearthmovesaroundthesunisawell-knownfact.Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.练习题_____hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedusall.

A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Why_____youdo,doitwithallyourheart.

A.WhateverB.WheneverC.WhereverD.HoweverItis_____heoftenfailsinexamsthatmakeshisparentsworried.

A.whatB.becauseC.thatD.why_____isknowntoall,themoontravelsaroundtheearth.

A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.What_____weshoulddonextisstillunderdiscussion.

A.WhatB.HowC.WhetherD.When答案：AAC（强调句结构）AA宾语从句定义：在句子中充当宾语成分的从句。引导词：that,whether/if,who,whom,which,what,whose,how,when,where等。使用原则：宾语从句用于充当及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语，传递动作或状态的对象、内容或结果。构成：宾语从句可以由连接词that（可省略）、whether/if（表示疑问或选择）、连接代词（who,whom,whose,what,which）或连接副词（when,where,why,how）引导，后面跟完整的句子结构。例句：Iknowthatheishonest.SheaskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestbusstop?Hetoldmewhathadhappenedtheotherday.Wearenotsurewhethertheywillcomeornot.练习题Sheaskedme_____Iwouldgowithhertotheconcert.

A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.what

Doyouknow_____thenearesthospitalis?

A.whereB.whatC.howD.why

Ihavenoidea_____hewillcometomybirthdayparty.

A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.when

Theteacherexplained_____thesolarsystemwasformed.

A.howB.whatC.thatD.when

Idon'tremember_____Ileftmykeysathome.

A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.when

答案：A/B（两者均可，但whether更常用于表达两种可能性）AB（但注意，if在某些情况下也可接受，但whether更正式）AB/D（两者均可，但根据语境，D更合适，表示不记得具体何时）表语从句定义：在句子中充当表语成分的从句。引导词：that,whether,if,who,whom,which,what,how,when,where,because,asif,asthough等。使用原则：表语从句用于描述主语的特征、性质或状态，通常位于系动词（如be,become,seem,appear等）之后。构成：表语从句可以由连接词that（通常不省略，以保持句子的正式性）或whether/if（表示疑问或选择，但较少用于表语从句中）引导，也可以由连接代词或连接副词引导，后面跟完整的句子结构。例句：Theproblemisthatwedon'thaveenoughmoney.Whathesaidistrue.Thereasonwhyhedidn'tcomeisthathewasill.Thetruthiswhostolethemoneyisstillunknown.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartearlytomorrow.练习题Thequestionis_____wecanfindenoughfundingfortheproject.

A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how

Whatheisdoingnowis_____hecanfinishthereportbeforedeadline.

A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.tomakesure

Themostimportantthingis_____weshouldworktogetherasateam.

A.thatB.howC.whetherD.when

Myconcernis_____thechildrenaresafeandhappy.

A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.how

Therealissueis_____wecanaffordtobuyanewhouse.

A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.how答案：DC（注意，D选项不是从句，且语法错误）AAB（但注意，C在某些语境下也可接受，表示一个陈述性的表语从句，但B更强调两种可能性）同位语从句定义：对前面的抽象名词进行具体说明的从句，通常由that引导，有时也可由whether,if,when,where,why等引导（较少见）。使用原则：同位语从句用于对前面的名词或代词进行进一步的解释或说明，通常与前面的名词或代词在逻辑上是同位关系。构成：同位语从句通常由连接词that（不省略）引导，有时也可以由连接代词或连接副词引导（但较少见），后面跟完整的句子结构。注意，同位语从句的内容通常是对前面名词或代词的具体内容的阐述或解释。例句：Thenewsthathewonthelotterywasexciting.Thefactthatsheishonestiswell-known.TheideathatweshouldtraveltoEuropethissummerisexciting.Thereasonwhyhedidn'tcometothepartyisthathewasbusy.Thebeliefthathardworkleadstosuccessiswidelyheld.练习题Theorder_____allstudentsmustwearuniformsisstrictinourschool.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether

Therumor_____thecompanyisgoingtolayoffstaffisspreadingquickly.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.if

Theinformation_____heprovidedwasveryuseful.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how

Thepromise_____hewouldhelpuswiththeprojectwaskept.

A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.when

Theevidence_____hewasguiltywasoverwhelming.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where

答案：AAAAA完形填空：WhenIheardthenews_____(1)ourteamhadwonthechampionship,Icouldn'thelpbutfeelexcited.Itwas_____(2)Ihadbeendreamingofforsolong.Thecoachgaveusaspeech_____(3)explainedhowwehadachievedthissuccess.Hesaidthatitwasnotjustourskills_____(4)madethedifference,butalsoourteamworkanddetermination.Irememberedthedays_____(5)wepracticedtogether,facingchallengesandovercomingthem.(1)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether(2)A.thatB.whatC.whichD.how(3)A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that(4)A.whichB.thatC.whoD./(5)A.whenB.whereC.whyD.thatOnceuponatime,therewasalittleboynamedJackwholivedinasmallvillage.Healwaysaskedhismother(1)_____thestarsintheskywere.Hismother,whowaswiseandkind,explained(2)_____theyweredistantsunslikeourown.Jackwasfascinatedby(3)_____hismothertoldhimanddecidedtobecomeanastronomerwhenhegrewup.Ashegrewolder,Jackstudiedhardandreadmanybooks(4)_____couldteachhimabouttheuniverse.Helearned(5)_____theplanetsmovedand(6)_____causedthetides.Histeacherwasimpressedby(7)_____muchJackknewandencouragedhimtopursuehisdreams.Oneday,Jackfoundatelescopeinhisfather'sattic.Hewasthrilledandimmediatelystartedobservingthenightsky,tryingtofindout(8)_____starshehadseenbeforewere.Withtime,Jackbecameanexpertinhisfieldanddiscoveredanewplanet,whichhenamed"PlanetJack"inhonorof(9)_____hadinspiredhim.Jack'sdiscoverymadehimfamous,andhewasinvitedtospeakatmanyconferences.Hesharedhisknowledgeandpassionforastronomywithothers,explaining(10)_____theuniverseworkedand(11)_____hehadbeenabletomakesuchagroundbreakingdiscovery.Manypeoplewereinspiredbyhisstoryanddecidedtofollowtheirowndreams.Oneday,Jackreceivedaletterfromayounggirl(12)_____askedhimhowhehadbecomesosuccessful.Inhisreply,Jackwroteabouthischildhoodcuriosityand(13)_____haddrivenhimtoexploretheuniverse.Healsomentioned(14)_____importantitwastohaveasupportivefamilyandteacherswhobelievedinhim.Jackcontinuedtoworkhardandmademanymorediscoveriesthroughouthislife.Heneverforgot(15)_____hadstartedhisjourneyandwasalwaysgratefulfortheopportunitieshehadbeengiven.Inhisfinalyears,Jacklookedbackonhislifeandfeltproudof(16)_____hehadaccomplished.Heknewthathislegacywouldliveonthroughthegenerationsandinspireotherstolookupatthestarsanddreambig.选项：(1)A.whereB.whatC.howD.why(2)A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.if(3)A.whatB.thatC.whichD.how(4)A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where(5)A.howB.whatC.whereD.why(6)A.thatB.whatC.howD.who(7)A.howB.whatC.thatD.which(8)A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.what(9)A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which(10)A.howB.whatC.whyD.where(11)A.howB.thatC.whyD.when(12)A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which(13)A.thatB.whatC.whoD.how(14)A.howB.thatC.whetherD.what(15)A.whereB.howC.whatD.who(16)A.thatB.whatC.howD.where以下是一篇包含15个空白的短文，每个空白处需填入一个适当的名词性从句，以完成句子的意思。请在给出的选项中选择最合适的答案，或根据上下文自行构造合适的从句填入。Iremembertheday(1)______Ifirstmetmybestfriend,Lily.Itwasasunnyafternoon,andIwaswalkingaloneinthepark.Suddenly,Iheardasoftvoice(2)______sangabeautifulmelody.Iturnedaroundandsawagirlsittingonabench,playingtheguitar.Iwalkedoverandaskedher(3)______shewassinging.Shesmiledandsaiditwasherfavoritesong.Westartedtalking,andsoonIfoundout(4)______shewasreallyinterestedinmusicandhadbeenplayingtheguitarforyears.Fromthatdayon,webecameclosefriends.Wesharedeverythingwitheachother,includingourdreamsandfears.Lilyalwaysknew(5)______tosaytomakemefeelbetterwhenIwassad.AndIwasalwaysthereforher,nomatter(6)______happened.Oneday,Lilytoldme(7)______shewasplanningtomovetoanothercitybecauseofherfamily'sjob.Iwasshockedandsad,butIunderstoodthatsometimeslifetakesustounexpectedplaces.Beforesheleft,wepromisedeachother(8)______wewouldneverforgetourfriendship.Wealsoagreed(9)______wewouldkeepintouchthroughlettersandphonecalls.Eventhoughwearefarawayfromeachothernow,Istillfeel(10)______sheisalwayswithme.WheneverIlistentomusic,IthinkofLilyandthedays(11)______wespenttogether.Ioftenwonder(12)______sheisdoingnowandifshestillplaystheguitar.Ihope(13)______sheishappyandfollowingherdreams.Sometimes,Idreamoftheday(14)______wewillmeetagain.Iknowthatwhenthatdaycomes,itwillbelikenotimehaspassedatall.Ourfriendshipisoneofthemostpreciousthings(15)______Ihave