2025届高考英语一轮复习第一编必修5Module1BritishandAmericanEnglish课时作业含解析外研版

PAGEModule1BritishandAmericanEnglish课时作业Ⅰ.阅读A(2024·山东师大附中高三第一次模拟考试)YoumaybesurprisedtolearnthatEnglishgets30to45percentofitswordsfromFrench.Thereasongoesbacktotheyear1066,whenNormanforcesinvaded(入侵)whatisnowBritain.TheNormanswerefromnorthernFranceandspokeFrench.DuringtheNormanoccupation,FrenchbecamethelanguageofEngland'srulersandwealthyclass.Thislastedformorethan300years.OtherpeopleinEnglandcontinuedtospeakEnglishduringthisperiod.Overtime,thetwolanguagescombinedandsharedwords.Someresearchersbelievethatabout10,000FrenchwordseventuallyenteredtheEnglishlanguage.However,althoughEnglishtookmanyFrenchwords,theirmeaningshavenotalwaysstayedthesame.Sometimesthedifferencesinmeaningscanbeveryimportant,andleadtofunnyorstrangesituationsifthewordsareusedinthewrongway.Take,forexample,theFrenchwordcollege.InEnglish,collegecanoftenbeusedinplaceoftheworduniversity,orsometimesasaschoolwithinauniversity.However,inFrench,collegeactuallymeans“middleschool”，orthelevelofschoolingforstudentsingradesfiveorsixthrougheight.Therearemanyothersimilarwordsinthetwolanguageswithcompletelydifferentmeanings.InEnglish,thewordchatisaverbwhichmeans“totalkcasually”；butinFrench,thewordchatisthewordforananimal:acat.IfanEnglishspeakersayssomeoneisjolly,thatmeanstheyarecheerfulorfriendly.ButinFrench,joliemeanssomeoneisgood­lookingorpleasanttolookat.Inanycase,botharenicethingstosaytosomeone.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲解并描述了英语中存在大量法语词汇的现象，并举例说明英语中的法语单词与其在法语中的不同含义。1．WhatlanguagedidtheupperclassspeakinBritainofNormantimes?A．English.B．French.C．BothEnglishandFrench.D．Someunknownlanguage.答案：B细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“DuringtheNormanoccupation,FrenchbecamethelanguageofEngland'srulersandwealthyclass.”可知，诺曼时代英国的上层阶级说法语。故选B。2．WhatdoescollegemeaninFrench?A．Theteenagertime.B．UniversityinFrench.C．MiddleschoolinEnglish.D．Universityincommonsense.答案：C细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“However,inFrench,collegeactuallymeans‘middleschool’”可知，“college”在法语里的意思是“中学”。故选C。3．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Comparisonbetweentwolanguages.B．DifficultyingraspingEnglish.C．FrenchwordsinEnglish.D．DevelopmentofEnglish.答案：C主旨大意题。依据第一段第一句“YoumaybesurprisedtolearnthatEnglishgets30to45percentofitswordsfromFrench.”和其次段第一句“Overtime,thetwolanguagescombinedandsharedwords.Someresearchersbelievethatabout10,000FrenchwordseventuallyenteredtheEnglishlanguage.”可知，本文讲解并描述的是“英语中的法语单词”。故选C。【词汇积累】①occupationn.占据；侵占②combinev.(使)结合，组合③casuallyadv.随意地④cheerfuladj.欢乐的；兴奋的；令人开心的【难句分析】原文：However,althoughEnglishtookmanyFrenchwords,theirmeaningshavenotalwaysstayedthesame.然而，尽管英语汲取了很多法语单词，它们的意思却并不总是相同的。(其次段第三句)分析：本句为主从复合句。although引导让步状语从句。B(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter­gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation­stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion­mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少的现象及其缘由。4．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter­gatherertimes?A．Theydevelopedveryfast.B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D．Theywerecloselyconnected.答案：B推理推断题。依据第一段其次、三句可知，当人类社会处在原始社会，人们以狩猎为生时，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的语言模式。当世界上的人口数量在五百万到一千万时，语言种类达到了12,000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。5．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinParagraph2?A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.答案：C词义揣测题。依据其次段中的“dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover”可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语越来越占据统治地位。由此推知，dominant意为“占优势的；强大的”。故选C。6．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800. B．About3,400.C．About2,400. D．About1,200.答案：B细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.”和“Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.”可知，目前世界上大约有6,800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6,000人的占一半，即3,400。故选B。7．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.答案：C主旨大意题。依据第一段第一句和其次段其次句可知，本文所讲的主要内容为随着时代的发展，语言在渐渐消逝和削减。故选C。【词汇积累】①independentadj.独立的②industrialisationn.工业化③increasinglyadv.越来越多地；渐增地④takeover接管；接收【难句分析】原文：Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.一般的规律是，气候温柔地区的语言相对较少，通常由很多人运用；而燥热、潮湿地区的语言较多，通常由少数人运用。(第三段第三句)分析：本句为主从复合句。that引导表语从句，从句中while连接两个并列分句，前后表对比。C(2024·湖南省长沙市第一中学高三第一次月考)PeoplespeakEnglishindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thesamewordscanbeusedindifferentways,dependingonwhereyoulive.Peoplecanalsohavecompletelydifferentwaysofsayingthesamething.TheOxfordEnglishDictionary(OED)isaskingthepublictohelpitaddnewwords.EditorswanttofindtheregionaldifferencesinEnglisharoundtheworld.Theywanttoexpanditsrecordofthelanguage.Lastyear,theOED,BBCRadioandtheForwardArtsFoundationteameduptofindlocalwordsintheUnitedKingdom.Itresultedinmorethan100regionalwordsandphrasesbeingaddedtothedictionary.Onewas“cuddywifter”，whichmeansaleft­handedperson.Now,theOEDiswideningitssearchtoEnglishspeakersaroundtheworld.EleanorMaier,aneditoratOED,saidtheresponsehasbeengreat.Editorsarelistingabunchofsuggestionstoincludeinthedictionary.TheseincludeHawaii's“hammajang”，whichmeans“inadisorderlystate”.Anotheristhewordforaswimmingcostume,“dookers”or“duckers”.ItisusedinScotland.TheOEDalsomightincludetheword“frog­drowner”，whichAmericansmightusetodescribeadownpourofrain.Anotherpossibilityis“brick”.Itmeans“verycold”topeopleinNewJerseyandNewYorkCity.Thedictionaryhasalreadyfoundthat,dependingonlocation,apicturehangingoffcentermightbedescribedas“agley”.Itmightalsobecalled“catawampous”or“ahoo”．“TheOEDaimstocoveralltypesofEnglish，”Maiersaid.Thatincludesscientificwords,slangandregionallanguage.MaieralsosaidthatitcanbedifficultfortheOED'seditorstoidentifyregionalwords.Thetermsaremoreoftenspokenthanwrittendown.“TheappealiscalledWordsWhereYouAre.Itislookingformoresuggestions.Weweresurprisedandpleasedbythenumberofregionalwordswewereabletoinclude，”saidMaier.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。为了扩大牛津词典语言的记录，它将收录更多来自世界各地的地域性词汇。8．What'stheclosestinmeaningto“Freezing”？A．Hammajang. B．Dookers.C．Brick. D．Ahoo.答案：C推理推断题。依据第六段最终两句“Anotherpossibilityis‘brick’.Itmeans‘verycold’topeopleinNewJerseyandNewYorkCity.”可知，“Freezing(极冷的)”的意思和brick意思最接近。故选C。9．WhichlocalwordofthefollowingismostlikelyfromregionsoftheUnitedKingdom?A．Agley. B．Frog­drowner.C．Cuddywifter. D．Brick.答案：C细微环节理解题。依据第三段“...tofindlocalwordsintheUnitedKingdom.Itresultedinmorethan100regionalwordsandphrasesbeingaddedtothedictionary.Onewas‘cuddywifter’，whichmeansaleft­handedperson.”可知，cuddywifter最有可能来自英国地区。故选C。10．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Itischallengingtocreateacompletecollectionofregionalwords.B．Peoplearenotcommittedtorespondingtotheappealforregionalwords.C．Peopleuseregionalwordsonlywhentheyarehomeorwithclosefriends.D．Havinganunderstandingofregionalwordscanbehelpfulwhencommunicating.答案：A推理推断题。依据倒数其次段第三句“MaieralsosaidthatitcanbedifficultfortheOED'seditorstoidentifyregionalwords.”可知，创建一个完整的地域性词汇合合是很有挑战性的。故选A。11．What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A．It'stimetotracethesourceoflocalwords.B．ThesameEnglishwordscanbeusedtosaydifferentthings.C．OxfordDictionaryaimstoenlargeitscollectiontoappealtolocals.D．OxfordDictionarywillincludemoreregionalwordsfromaroundtheglobe.答案：D主旨大意题。依据其次段“TheOxfordEnglishDictionary(OED)isaskingthepublictohelpitaddnewwords.EditorswanttofindtheregionaldifferencesinEnglisharoundtheworld.Theywanttoexpanditsrecordofthelanguage.”可推断，文章围绕牛津词典将收录更多来自世界各地的地域性词汇绽开。故选D。【词汇积累】①regionaladj.地区的②expandv.扩大，增加③abunchof一群；一堆④identifyv.确认；认出；鉴定【难句分析】原文：Itresultedinmorethan100regionalwordsandphrasesbeingaddedtothedictionary.结果该词典收录了100多个地域性词汇和短语。(第三段其次句)分析：本句为简洁句。beingaddedtothedictionary为动名词短语作宾语补足语。Ⅱ.语法填空(2024·合肥市高三调研性检测)ARelayEventBringsDiverseCulturesTogetherWhenHermanKambugureceivedthegoodnewshewasexpecting,hedidsomethingunusual.Heranfor32kmin__1__(celebrate).Kambugu,whoworksfortheStandardCharteredBank(StanChart)inUganda,wasamongtheover86,000employeesaroundtheworldwhohadattempted__2__(take)partinarelayacrossBeltandRoadcountriesasawaytoseehowtheBeltandRoadInitiative(“一带一路”倡议)isdeveloping.Kambuguandsevenmoreofhisco－workersinStanChart'sofficesaroundtheworldvisited44destinationsalongtheBeltandRoadroutes,__3__helpedthemunderstandtheinitiativebetter.Kambugu__4__(witness)howtheBeltandRoadInitiativeischanginglifefor__5__betterinEastAfricasofar.“TheMombasa－NairobiRailwayhasnotonlyshortenedtransportationtime,butalsocreatedover20,000jobsforlocalpeopleinKenya，”hesaid.SerenaLeungfromtheHongKongofficesaid__6__shehadseenduringherjourneyimpressed__7__(she).Insomeplaces,peoplegreetedtheminMandarin.Theyspokeit__8__(fluently)