重庆市长寿区高二八校联考2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题

重庆市长寿区20232024学年下学期高二期末检测卷（B）英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）1.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aparty.B.Anecklace.C.Adress.2.Whydoesthewomanexchangethecoat?A.It'ssmall.B.It'sbig.C.It'sdark.3.Whereisthewoman'shusbandnow?A.InLondon.B.InTokyo.C.InParis.4.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Packsomeboxes.B.Gohomeandrest.C.Continueworking.5.Howdoesthemangettothebusstop?A.Onfoot.B.Bysubway.C.Bycar.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Howmuchwillthemanpayintotal?A.$900.B.$750.C.$700.7.Howwillthemanpayfortheguitar?A.Bycreditcard.B.Bycheck.C.Incash.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whatistheman'sadviceforthewoman'strip?A.SheshouldalsocheckoutVenice.B.SheshouldonlystayinRome.C.ShereallyshouldgotoPisa.9.HowmuchvacationtimewillthewomanprobablyspendinRome?A.Twodays.B.Fivedays.C.Sevendays.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Attheradiostation.B.Onthebeach.C.Intheocean.11.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Jointheparty.B.Describetheweather.C.Invitehertotheparty.12.Whatistheweatherliketoday?A.Hot.B.Warm.C.Cool.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.What'stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Strangers.C.Teammates.14.Whatisthegirlafraidof?A.Failingthetest.B.Missingsomeclasses.C.Losingatsports.15.Whatgamewouldn'ttheboyliketoplayanymore?A.Soccer.B.Baseball.C.Basketball.16.Whereisthelibrary?AOnthethirdfloor.B.Onthesecondfloor.C.Onthefirstfloor.听下面一段独白，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Reportingtheweather.B.Remendingoutdooractivities.C.Arrangingforthesummerholiday.18.WhatwastheweatherlikeintheNortheastinthepastweek?A.Cool.B.Warm.C.Hot.19.WhyistheMidwestprobablythebestplaceinthespeaker'seyes?A.It'llbesunnyandfortable.B.Itstransportisconvenient.C.Ithasgreatairconditioningsystems.20.WhatdoesthespeakeradvisepeopleintheSouthtodo?A.Prepareforstorms.B.Replantheirouting.C.Enjoytheclearskies.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）AForthosewho’vealwayswantedtowalkthehallsofHogwartsorexploretheshopsofDiagonAlley(对角巷)，UniversalOrlandooffersthenextbestthing.ThethemeparkopenedeveryHarryPotterfan’sdreamplacebackin2010.ForPotterheadseverywhere,however,decidingwhentomakethetriptotheWizardingWorldofHarryPotterisnoteasy.ThesetipswillhelpyouexperiencethebestoftheWizardingWorld,whetheryou’relookingtosavemoney,avoidthebusyseason,orsimplyexperiencethemostmagicaltimesoftheyear.ThecheapesttimestovisitHarryPotter’sworldThecheapest(andleastbusy)monthstovisittheWizardingWorldofHarryPotterareJanuaryandmostofFebruary,exceptthedayssurroundingtheNewYearandwinterbreak.OtherinexpensivetimesincludethebeginningofMarchandmostofSeptemberandOctober.ThebestHarryPottereventsatUniversalWhiletheymaynotbethequietesttimestoexploreHarryPotter’sworld,Universalholdsmanyeventsthroughouttheyearthatfanswon’twanttomiss.ACelebrationofHarryPotterForaweekendeveryJanuary,UniversalhostsACelebrationofHarryPotter.Guests(wearingtheirclassrobes,nodoubt)willjoinotherdiehardPotterfansforthreedaysofexhibits,discussionsandcastQ&Aactivities.Foranyonewhoreallylovesthebooksandthefilms,thismaybeoneofthebesttimesoftheyeartovisit.ChristmasintheWizardingWorldUniversal’snewadditionstotheirholidayentertainmentlineupmakeHogwartstheperfectplacetobearoundChristmastime.DecorationsaddbeautytotheshopsofDiagonAlleyandHogsmeade,theFrogChoirsingsChristmascarols(颂歌)，andsnowfallsonHogwartsasafestiveshowtakesplaceinfrontofthecastle.HalloweenintheWizardingWorldLastly(andperhapsmostsurprisingly),HalloweenseasonisalsoagoodtimeforamagicalvisittotheWizardingWorld.Universal’smainHalloweenevent,HalloweenHorrorNights,producesaspecialHarryPotterrelatedsurprise.1.WhichtimescostsmosttovisitHarryPotter’sworld?A.JanuaryandmostofFebruary.B.NewYearandwinterbreak.C.ThebeginningofMarch.D.MostofSeptemberandOctober.2.WhatwillpeopledointheeventofACelebrationofHarryPotter?A.TheywilljoinotherPotterfansforvariousactivities.B.TheywilldecoratetheshopsandsingChristmascarols.C.Theywillwatchafestiveshowtakingplaceinfrontofthecastle.D.TheywillgetaspecialHarryPotterrelatedsurprise.3.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.ToinformreadersofsomeeventsaboutHarryPotter.B.TointroducetheUniversalOrlandotoreaders.C.TohelpexperiencethebestofWizardingWorld.DToadvertisethebooksandfilmsofHarryPotter.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要向哈利波特的粉丝们介绍哈利波特魔法世界的主题公园，并给出游客一些游玩的建议。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thecheapest(andleastbusy)monthstovisittheWizardingWorldofHarryPotterareJanuaryandmostofFebruary,exceptthedayssurroundingtheNewYearandwinterbreak.”（参观哈利波特魔法世界最不忙/最便宜的月份是除了新年左右和寒假的一月和二月的大多数时候）可知寒假和新年左右是最忙/最贵的时候。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Guests(wearingtheirclassrobes,nodoubt)willjoinotherdiehardPotterfansforthreedaysofexhibits,discussionsandcastQ&Aactivities.”（游客，无疑穿着各阶级的长袍，将要加入其他哈利波特的忠实粉丝，与他们一起参加看展，讨论，扮演，问答等活动）可知，游客与哈利波特粉丝一起参加给种各样的活动，故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“ThesetipswillhelpyouexperiencethebestoftheWizardingWorld”（这些小建议会帮助你体验世界上最好的魔法世界）可知，本文的主要目的是让游客在哈利波特主题公园有最好的体验。故选C项。BItisinhumannaturetoexplorenewthings.Tothatend,manycountrieshavebeenexploringspaceformanydecades,particularlytheUS,Russia,andcountriesinEurope.PresidentXiJinpingpraisedthesuccessoftheChang’e5mission(使命)inbringingbackthecountry’sfirstsamples(样本)collectedfromthemoon.Thewholecountryisproudofthisbreakthrough.TheChang’e5missionhasachievedmanysignificantbreakthroughs,includingChina’sfirstlunar(月球的)surfacesampling,firstliftofffromthemoonandthefirstspacecraftwiththeabilitytogatherandmeetinlunarorbitwithsamplestoreentertheEarthsatmosphere.ThesuccessoftheChang’e5missionmarksaconclusionofChina’scurrentlunarexplorationproject.ThesuccessfulreentryandlandingoftheChang’e5capsule(太空舱)haveenabledChinatoobtainitsfirstlunarsamples,markinganewstartforlunarandplanetaryresearch.Withthisachievement,Chinasetsanewmilestoneinspaceexploration.NomatterhowfarChinagoesintospace,italwaysstaystruetoitsoriginalmissionuncoveringthesecretsoftheuniverseandcontributingtohuman’speacefuluseofspace.Chinaisapeacelovingcountryandwilluseitsachievementsforpromotingpeacearoundtheglobe.Chinaviewstheseeffortsaspartoftheworld’slunarexploration.Itchoseadifferentlandingsiteandispromisingtoshareitssamplestoenrichtheplanet’sknowledge.Someforeignscientistshaveshownparticularinterest.Theexplorationisnotformercialpurposes,butinternationalscientificresearch.Humanbeingsshallexplorethemoontogether,asitwillfinallyneedlargeprojectsrequiringinternationalcooperation.Chinawillplayaleadershiproleintheinternationalscientificmunity.4.WhatmadeChinesepeoplefeelproudaccordingtothepassage?A.Landingonthemoonsuccessfully. B.Gainingadmissiontoexploringthemoon.C.Strengtheningtheabilitytopromotethepeace. D.Bringingbackfirstsamplescollectedfromthemoon.5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheChang’e5mission?A.Horriblebutromantic. B.Fearfulbutsuccessful.C.Challengingbutrewarding. D.Dangerousbutpeaceful.6.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theoriginalmissionremainsunchanged. B.Countriesjointogethertoexplorethemoon.C.Chinatakesprideintheachievementsinspace. D.Chinasetsanewmilestoneinspaceexploration.7.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Aposter. B.Aleaflet. C.Anewspaper. D.Aguidebook.【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了嫦娥五号任务的成功使得中国在太空探索上树立了一个新的里程碑。4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“PresidentXiJinpingpraisedthesuccessoftheChang’e5missioninbringingbackthecountry’sfirstsamplescollectedfromthemoon.Thewholecountryisproudofthisbreakthrough.（习近平主席赞扬了嫦娥五号任务的成功，从月球带回了中国第一批采集的样本。全国都为这一突破感到自豪）”可知，中国人为带回从月球上采集的第一批样本感到骄傲。故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“TheChang’e5missionhasachievedmanysignificantbreakthroughs,includingChina’sfirstlunarsurfacesampling,firstliftofffromthemoonandthefirstspacecraftwiththeabilitytogatherandmeetinlunarorbitwithsamplestoreentertheEarthsatmosphere.（嫦娥五号任务取得了多项重大突破，包括我国首次月球表面采样、首次从月球上发射、以及首个能够在月球轨道上采集并将样品重新进入地球大气层的航天器。）”以及第三段“ThesuccessfulreentryandlandingoftheChang’e5capsulehaveenabledChinatoobtainitsfirstlunarsamples,markinganewstartforlunarandplanetaryresearch.（嫦娥五号返回舱的成功着陆，使我国获得了第一批月球样品，标志着月球和行星研究的新起点。）”可判断，嫦娥五号的任务有挑战性但也有回报。故选C项。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Withthisachievement,Chinasetsanewmilestoneinspaceexploration.（凭借这一成就，中国在太空探索方面树立了新的里程碑。）”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了中国在太空探索上树立了一个新的里程碑。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了嫦娥五号任务的成功使得中国在太空探索上树立了一个新的里程碑，这属于新闻报道，因此文章很有可能来自一份报纸。故选C项。CAtuniversity,whenItoldpeopleIwasstudyingforahistorydegree,theresponsewasalmostalwaysthesame,“Youwanttobeateacher?”No,ajournalist.“Oh.Butyou’renotmajoringinmunications?”Inthedayswhenauniversityeducationwasaprivilege,perhapstherewasn’ttheassumptionthatadegreehadtobeaspringboarddirectlyintoacareer.Thosedaysarelonggone.Today,adegreeisallbutanecessityforthejobmarket,onethatmorethanhalvesyourchancesofbeingunemployed.Still,thataloneisnoguaranteeofajob—andyetwe’repayingmoreandmoreforone.Giventhosecosts,mostofuswanttomaximizethatinvestment—andthatcanleadtoaplugandplaytypeofapproachtohighereducation.Wanttobeajournalist?Studyjournalism,we’retold.Alawyer?Pursueprelaw.Nottotallysure?GointoSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineerandMaths)—youcanbeeanengineeroranITexpert.Andnomatterwhatyoudo,forgetthehumanities,suchashistory,philosophyandlanguages.It’struethatthehumanitiesewithahigherriskofunemployment,buttheriskisslighterthanyouwouldimagine.ForyoungpeopleintheU.S.,theunemploymentrateofthosewithhumanitiesdegreesisfourpercent,justalittlemorethanthatofengineeringdegreeholders.Lowersalariesmaynotbecausedbythedegreeitselfeither.Thegenderpaygappersistsinthehumanities,whosegraduatesaremorelikelytobefemale.Isitanywonderthenthatlanguageteacherstendtomakelessthanengineers?AccordingtoLinkedIn’sresearchonthemostsoughtafterjobskillsbyemployersfor2019,theabilitytomunicateandgetalongwithpeople,tounderstandwhat’sonotherpeople’sminds,andtodofullstrengthcriticalanalysiswereallvaluedandappreciated.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatyoucanbeanexcellentmunicatorandcriticalthinkerwithoutahumanitiesdegree.Andanygooduniversityeducation,notjustoneinEnglishorpsychology,shouldsharpentheseabilitiesfurther.Butfewcoursesofstudyarequiteasheavyonreading,writing,speakingandcriticalthinkingasthehumanities—whetherthat’sbydebatingotherstudentsinaseminar,writingathesispaperoranalyzingpoetry.ThewholequestionofwhetherastudentshouldchooseSTEMversusthehumanitiesmightbemisguidedtobeginwith.Theheadlinesmostofusseedon’thelp.Whateverastudentpursuesinuniversity,itmustbesomethingthattheyarenotonlygoodat,butinterestedin.Evenifitmeanspursuinga“useless”degree—likeoneinhumanities.8.Whyarepeoplepayingmoreandmoreforadegree?A.Becausepeopleneedadegreetofurthertheircareer.B.Becauseuniversityeducationisconsideredaprivilege.C.Becauseadegreeisviewedasamustforlandingajob.D.Becausetheirinterestcanbedevelopedinuniversity.9.Theauthormentionedaplugandplaytypeofapproachtoshow________.A.atipforchoosingamajorB.theimportanceofhighereducationC.aproblemthatexistsamongSTEMgraduatesD.thereasonwhypeopleoverlookthehumanities10.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthebenefitofmajoringinhumanities?A.Aparativelyhighsalaryaftergraduation.B.Betterchancesofgettingridofgenderprejudice.C.Abettermunicativeskillthansciencestudents.D.Moreexposuretothetrainingoflanguageandthinking.11.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepursuitofhumanities?A.Doubtful. B.Optimistic.C.Objective. D.Concerned.【答案】8.C9.D10.D11.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者在文中引用了科学数据客观介绍了学习人文学科利与弊，告诉我们学生在大学里学习的应该是自己擅长并感兴趣的东西，并不只是为了获得工作而学习。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Today,adegreeisallbutanecessityforthejobmarket,onethatmorethanhalvesyourchancesofbeingunemployed.Still,thataloneisnoguaranteeofajob—andyetwe’repayingmoreandmoreforone.(如今，学位对就业市场来说几乎是一种必需品，它会使你失业的几率减半以上。尽管如此，单凭这一点并不能保证找到一份工作，然而我们为学位付出的代价却越来越高)”可知，人们为学位付出的代价却越来越高是因为学位被视为获得工作的必备条件。故选C项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Giventhosecosts,mostofuswanttomaximizethatinvestment—andthatcanleadtoaplugandplaytypeofapproachtohighereducation.(考虑到这些成本，我们大多数人都希望将投资最大化——这就导致了一种即插即用的高等教育方式)”和“Andnomatterwhatyoudo,forgetthehumanities,suchashistory,philosophyandlanguages.(不管你做什么，忘记了人文学科，比如历史、哲学和语言)”可知，作者提出了一种即插即用的方法是为了说明人们忽视人文学科的原因。故选D项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Butfewcoursesofstudyarequiteasheavyonreading,writing,speakingandcriticalthinkingasthehumanities—whetherthat’sbydebatingotherstudentsinaseminar,writingathesispaperoranalyzingpoetry.(但很少有课程像人文学科那样注重阅读、写作、口语和批判性思维——无论是在研讨会上与其他学生辩论、写论文还是分析诗歌)”可知，在笔者看来，主修人文学科的好处是能更多的接受语言和思维的训练。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“ForyoungpeopleintheU.S.,theunemploymentrateofthosewithhumanitiesdegreesisfourpercent,justalittlemorethanthatofengineeringdegreeholders.(对于美国的年轻人来说，拥有人文学科学位的人的失业率是百分之四，只比拥有工程学学位的人高一点点)”和倒数第二段关键句“Butfewcoursesofstudyarequiteasheavyonreading,writing,speakingandcriticalthinkingasthehumanities—whetherthat’sbydebatingotherstudentsinaseminar,writingathesispaperoranalyzingpoetry.(但很少有课程像人文学科那样注重阅读、写作、口语和批判性思维——无论是在研讨会上与其他学生辩论、写论文还是分析诗歌)”可知，作者在文中引用了科学数据客观介绍了学习人文学科的利与弊，作者对学习人文学科的态度是客观的。故选C项。DIfyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnonliteratehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmisprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnonliteratesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirsthandaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented. B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.13.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A.Hisreportwasscientific. B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay. D.Hisrecordwasonesided.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice. D.Society.15.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld B.AShortHistoryofAustraliaC.AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects D.HowArtWorksTellStories【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.(理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.(在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnonliteratesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirsthandaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.(加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。【点睛】第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadinthesandandignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityithasmoretodowiththewayanindividualtalkstohimself.Selftalkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.____16____Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeselftalksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.Theyarelessexposedtostresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandinwhattheydo.____17____Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.____18____Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisacpaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.____19____Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.____20____Thinkinginapositive,selfencouragingwaybringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.A.Itdoesn'tcauseanysevereemotionaldisfort,either.B.Negativeselftalkdamagesselfconfidenceanddecreasesselfrespect.C.Ithelpsonetoremainclearheadedandconfidentindifficultsituations.D.Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.E.Asthinkingchanges,anindividual'sbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.F.Theyoftenofferarealalternativetothemonandregularwayofthinking.G.Theyoftenfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenifsmall.【答案】16.B17.D18.C19.G20.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。【16题详解】根据上文“Selftalkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.(自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常常对一些事件、现象、人，甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定)”以及后文“Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeselftalksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.(同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对话，开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则提到了积极的思考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。后文中negativeselftalks可对应到B选项中Negativeselftalk。故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊”符合语境，故选B。【17题详解】根据后文“Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.(积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁和焦虑率更低，身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中Peoplewhothinkpositively以及Positivethinking可对应到D选项中Positivethinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境，故选D。【18题详解】根据后文“Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisacpaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.(例如，研究人员发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种缓冲)”可知，后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故C选项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选C。【19题详解】根据上文“Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.(积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源)可知，上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时一些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。【20题详解】根据上文“Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.(总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当一个人拒绝注意到一个问题时，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系)”可知，本句承接上文进一步说明一个人拒绝注意到问题的影响，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系，也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适。故A选项“它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适”符合语境，故选A。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)Ourwordscarrygreatweight—morethanwesometimesthink.Theyoften_____21_____peoplefordecades,providingeitherthe_____22_____tocarryonoronemorereasontogiveup.WhenIwasinmyninthgradeyear,ItransferredtoanewjuniorschoolinTexas.Irememberwalkingintotheschoolcafeteriaforthefirsttime.Iwasallbymyself.Theotherkidshadbuiltvaluable_____23_____,whileIdidn’tknowaperson.After_____24_____mywaythroughtheservingline,Islidintothenearestopenseat.Thekidsatthetablegavemealook,wrinkledtheirnoses,andthenlaughedquietly.Icouldfeelmyfacegettingredwithembarrassment.Ilooked_____25_____atmyfood.Finally,oneofthekids_____26_____theice.“Man!Youhaveonebignose!”Iwas_____27_____.Ididn’tknowwhattosay.Iwantedtocry,butImanagedalittlelaugh—likeitdidn’treally_____28_____me.Butitdid.Everydayfromthatpointforward,Iwouldlookatmyselfinthemirror.AllIcouldseewasthatbigfat_____29_____thatovershadowedeveryotherfeature.Istudieditfromeveryangle,butkeptingbacktothesame______30______:Iwasonlyalifesupportsystemforanose.Itwasmy______31______feature.______32______,Ieventuallygrew______33______thatthought.Butitreallytookmetwentyyears.Evennow,Ifeelalittleunfortablethinkingaboutit.Itjustgoestoshowyouhow______34______wordscanbe.Therefore,thinktwicebeforeyou______35______sinceacarelesswordcanshape—ormisshape—someone’srealityforyearstoe.21.A.impress B.impact C.hurt D.inspire22.A.courage B.interest C.praise D.depression23.A.habits B.profits C.group D.friendships24.A.riding B.giving C.feeling D.making25.A.up B.back C.down D.forward26.A.ate B.dropped C.broke D.hit27.A.frightened B.embarrassed C.innocent D.fragile28.A.upset B.intend C.terrify D.restrict29.A.head B.nose C.mouth D.face30.A.decision B.ease C.conclusion D.expectation31.A.typical B.despera