浙江省天域联盟高三下学期第二次联考英语试题

20232024学年第二学期天域全国名校协作体联考高三年级英语学科试题命题学校、审题学校：双十中学、学军中学、天一中学注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthespeakersdotogether?A.Putthethingsaway. B.Cleanthebathroom. C.Sweepthefloor.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Let’sgetthisplacecleanedup!It’sextremelymessyinhere.W:Iknow.Ihateit.Okay,whydon’tweputawayallthestufffirst?Thenit’llbeeasiertoclean.M:Goodplan.Afterthat,whydon’tItacklethebathroomandyoucandothefloor?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wherewillthespeakersprobablygonext?A.JoeandMary’s. B.Agasstation. C.Arestaurant.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:DoyouthinkwecanmakeittoJoeandMary’sby7?M:Ihopeso.It’sonly5o’clocknowandwe’remakinggoodtime.W:Yesbutdon’tyouwanttostopsomewhereandgrababite?M:Iguessso.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whycan’tthewomanattendthedinnerparty?A.Sheisfeelingunwell.B.Shehastoworkovertime.C.SheneedstolookafterJake.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Eric,Ihatetobackoutattheeleventhhour,butI’mnotgoingtobeabletomakeittoyourdinnerpartytonight.M:Whatashame!Didsomethingeup?W:Jakefeelsundertheweatherandneedscare.M:Oh,I’msorrytohearthat.Letmeknowifthere’sanythingIcandotohelp.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wherearethespeakers?A.Atawineshop. B.Atarestaurant. C.Athome.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Goodevening.CanIstartyouoffwithsomerefreshingdrink?W:Yes,please.I’llhaveicedtea.M:Alright.Areyoureadytoordernow?W:Waitamoment,please.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shesupportstheman.BThemanshouldfindanewjob.C.Itwouldbeuselessgoingbacktoschool.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:I’mthinkingaboutgoingbacktoschool!Hittingthebooksagain.AmIcrazy?W:Well,asIliketosay,“Nopain,nogain!”Ifyou’regoingtogetabettersalaryatanewjobafterwards,thenwhynot?第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whataccessorydoestheredbikehave?A.Adrinkholder. B.Abell. C.Alight.7.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A$300. B.$350. C.$500.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】M:Arethosemountainbikes?W:Yeah,theystartat$300.M:Whatabouttheredone?W:Iteswithafewaccessorieslikethedrinkholderandthebasketfor$350.M:Seemsreasonable...Howaboutthiswhiteandblackone?W:Thisone’stopoftheline,40%offanditeswithallthebellsandwhistles.Itevenhasalight!Thediscountpriceis$500.We’llbuilditforyoutoday,readytorideout.M:Nice,I’llbebacktomorrowtopickitup.Here’smycard.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aseriousplaint. B.Apotentialclient. C.Aformercolleague.9.Whatmakesthesituationplicated?A.Theclienthastakenlegalaction.B.Tonydidn’thandoverhisworktoothers.C.Thepanyhaslostimportantfiles.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】W:Matt,wejustgotanemailfromoneofourclients.Theywarnedthattheyareseekinglegalactionagainstus.M:That’sridiculous.Theyhaven’teventriedtosettlewithus.Infact,thisisthefirsttimeI’veheardaboutthecase.W:IwasjustcheckingthefilesandIfoundlettersfrom13monthsago.Tonymusthavebeenhandlingthisandafterheleftnooneseemstoknowwhat’sgoingon.M:NowweareinajambecauseTonydidn’thaveanyonetakeoverhismess.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodoatfirst?A.Findcarkeys. B.Takeabus. C.Checkhisschedule.11.Whatdidthemandolastweek?A.Hecrashedhiscarintoapolicecar.B.Hechangedhiscarinsurance.C.Hegottwospeedingtickets.12.Whatdoweknowaboutthecourse?A.It’sexpensive. B.It’s25hourlong. C.It’sanofflinecourse.【答案】10.B11.A12.C【解析】【原文】M:Honey.Wherearemykeystothecar?W:Here.Takethis.M:What’sthis?W:It’sthebusschedule.You’dbetterhurryoryou’llmissit.M:Whatdoyoumean?Iwanttodrivetowork.W:Well,youcan’t.You’vehadtwospeedingticketsoverthelastcouplemonths,andyouhadthatcaraccidentlastweek.M:Thatwasn’tmyfault.W:Really?Youranintoapolicecarsittingalongsidetheroadbecauseyouweredistractedwhiletextingonyourphone.AndwhenIcalledthecarinsurancetheotherday,theysaidourinsuranceratesaregoingupalot,especiallyifyoustayontheinsurance.M:Awhat?No.W:Youcanstillsaveusmoneyifyoutakeadefensivedrivingcourse.It’sonly$250forthe15hourclass.Andbearinmindthatthisisacoursethat’snotavailableonline.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.WhydidDannydecidetostarthisrecordingstudio?A.Toworkwithmusicians. B.Tomakealiving. C.Toreducecosts.14.WhatisinvolvedinDanny’sbusinessnow?A.Drawingcartoons.B.Recordingmercialmusic.C.Makinghisownpopalbums.15.WhatdoesDannyhavetodo?A.Advertisehisproductions.B.Produceallkindsofmusic.C.Dealwithwellknownmusicians.16.WhichofthefollowingisDanny’sstrength?A.Hisskillatmusicarrangement.B.Hisabilitytoemploynewtechniques.C.Hiscapabilitytomeetmarketneeds.【答案】13.C14.B15.C16.A【解析】【原文】W:Todaywe’retalkingtoarecordproducer,DannyTaylor.WeleDanny.Yousetupyourownrecordingstudiowhenyouwere20.Whydidyoudothat?M:Iusedtoplaykeyboardsinanumberofdifferentbands.Ialsowrotesongsandrecordedafewwiththeideaofmakinganalbum.IthoughtthatifIhadmyownplace,Icouldgetmymaterialdonecheaply.W:Doyoumakeagoodlivingfromit?M:ThemusicindustryhaschangedconsiderablyovertheyearsandI’veobviouslyhadtoadapttosurvive—Idon’tjustrecordpopmusicanymore.Idowhatmightsoundlikeinterestingwork,recordingmusicforcartoonsandadverts,whichhelpsmekeepthestudiogoing.W:Wouldyousayyourjob’shard?M:Itcanbe.WithfamousartiststherearesomanythingsIhavetodotopleasethembeforethey’llgetdowntowork.W:Arethereaspectsofmusicproductionyou’reparticularlygoodat?M:Producersvary.Somearegreatatthetechnicalstuff,some,likeme,aregoodatarrangingmusic;otherscantellwhethersomethingthey’vewrittenwillbeamercialsuccessornot.Ithinkwhatbandsappreciate,though,isthesoundsIproduceandthefactthatmyproductionsstandoutfromotherstuffonthemarket.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whoarethelisteners?A.Constructionworkers. B.Collegestudents. C.Architects.18.Whatdidthespeakerexpecttodoafteruniversity?A.Teachengineeringcourses.B.Designtallbuildings.C.Workonaconstructionsite.19.Whatdidthespeakerlearnfromhisexperienceinconstruction?A.Thechancetoworkonvariousprojects.B.Theopportunitytodesignbuildings.C.Adeeperunderstandingofthetheories.20.Whatisthemaintopicofthetalk?A.Unexpectedexperiencesinlifecanleadtovaluablegains.B.Universityeducationshapespeopleforthemostpart.C.Thefirstjobaftergraduationisveryimportant.【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.A【解析】【原文】M:Helloeveryone.AlthoughImaynotappearassuchnow,afewyearsago,Iwasinthesamepositionasallofyou,attendinglecturesandpullingallnightersfortests.Ipursuedengineeringasmymajorhereandhadastrongpassionforit.However,lifehasawayofleadingusdownunexpectedpaths.Aftergraduating,Ifoundmyselfworkingintheconstructionindustry,whichwasnotexactlywhatIhadenvisionedwhenIdreamtofdesigninghighrisebuildings.Nevertheless,itprovidedmewithauniqueperspective.Igainedanunderstandingofthepracticalapplicationofthetheorieswelearnedinclass,witnessingfirsttimehowdecisionsmadeonpapercouldimpactthepeopleontheground.Duringoneparticularproject,weencounteredadesignerrorthatremainedunnoticeduntiltheconstructionprocessbegan.Thankstomyengineeringbackground,Iwasabletoidentifytheissueandproposeasolutionthatsavedbothtimeandmoney.Mymessageisthis:whileuniversityeducationprovidesasolidfoundation,itistherealworldexperiencesthattrulyshapeus.Donotfearifyourjourneytakesanunexpectedturn.Justlearnfromthem,andalwaysrememberthateveryexperience,whetherinaclassroomoronaconstructionsite,holdsvalue.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。ABuccleuchPlace/BuccleuchPlaceLaneOverviewBuccleuchPlace/BuccleuchPlaceLane,16&;713,BuccleuchPlace,Edinburgh,EH89LWBuccleuchPlaceprovidesamixofstandardstudybedroomswithinflats,eachwithsharedkitchen/livingspacesandbathroomfacilities.StandardsingleensuiteroomStandardroomwithensuitebathroom£10,377peryearBATHROOM:EnsuiteCATERING:SelfcateredpropertyBILLS:Allutility（billsincludedthereisanaverageallowanceofelectricitybutoverusecanresultinadditionalcharges.TwinroomTwinroomwithsharedbathroomfacilities£5,215peryearBATHROOM:SharedCATERING:SelfcateredpropertyBILLS:Allutilitybillsincludedthereisanaverageallowanceofelectricitybutoverusecanresultinadditionalcharges.StandardsingleroomStandardsingleroomwithsharedbathroomfacilities£8,651peryearBATHROOM:SharedCATERING:SelfcateredpropertyBILLS:Allutilitybillsincludedthereisanaverageallowanceofelectricitybutoverusecanresultinadditionalcharges.Cleaningandhousekeeping•Staffonsitewillregularlycleanthelaundry,monroom,monroomtoilets,stairsandlifts.•Staffwillvisityourflatweeklyandassistyouinkeepingmonareasclean(kitchens,anysharedbathroomsandhallways).However,residentsshouldalsocleanbetweenvisits.•Residentsshouldclearrubbishandremovealrecyclingtothedesignatedareas:youarealsoresponsibleforkeepingyourownbedroomsandensuitebathroomsclean.•Pleasenotethatalouracmodationisnonsmoking,thisincludesecigarettes.21.Whichofthefollowingmightbetrueaboutastandardsingleensuiteroom?A.Itisthecheapestchoice. B.Itprovidesaprivatebathroom.C.Foodisincludedinthebill. D.Residentsdonotneedtopayanybills.22.AresidentintheBuccleuchPlace________.A.canhaveecigarettesinhisroom. B.onlyneedstocleanhisownbedroom.C.hasstaffvisitsonadailybasis. D.shouldremoverecyclingtospecificareas.23.Whichofthefollowingsectioncouldthispassagebepossiblyfound?A.Acmodation. B.Jobs. C.Finance. D.Courses.【答案】21.B22.D23.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要描述了位于BuccleuchPlace的住宿选择，包括不同类型的房间、价格、设施和清洁服务等内容。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Standardsingleensuiteroom部分中“Standardroomwithensuitebathroom£10,377peryear(带浴室的标准间每年10377英镑)”可知，标准单人套间，提供一个私人浴室。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“•Residentsshouldclearrubbishandremoveallrecyclingtothedesignatedareas:youarealsoresponsibleforkeepingyourownbedroomsandensuitebathroomsclean.(•居民应清理垃圾，并将所有可回收物品移至指定区域；你还应负责保持自己的卧室和浴室清洁)”可知，住在布克勒奇广场的居民应该把可回收物移到特定的区域。故选D。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“BuccleuchPlaceprovidesamixofstandardstudybedroomswithinflats,eachwithsharedkitchen/livingspacesandbathroomfacilities.(BuccleuchPlace在公寓内提供了标准的学习卧室，每个卧室都有共享的厨房/起居空间和浴室设施)”以及文章主要描述了位于BuccleuchPlace的住宿选择，包括不同类型的房间、价格、设施和清洁服务等内容可推知，文章选自“住宿”部分。故选A。BI’malwayscautiousofthetiredsaying,“Ifitdoesn’tkillyou,it’llmakeyoustronger.”Imean,whataboutpolio(小儿麻痹症)?Orloadsofotherhorriblethingsthatifyousurvive,you’releftscarredinonewayoranother.FormanyyearsIworkedinaspecialistNHSclinicforpeoplewitheatingdisorders,whicharegreatlymisunderstoodandconnectedwithvanity(虚荣)wheninsteadit’susuallyaboutcontrolorevenprofoundtrauma(精神创伤).Eatingdisordershavethehighestmortalityofanymentalillness,withoneinfiveofthosewithaneatingdisorderdyingfromit.Treatmentforitislong,toughandtiring.So,it’sfairtosayit’snotsomethingtobetakenlightly.YetIwasoftensurprisedbyhowmanypatientspatientswithallsortsofotherconditionstoo,fromdepressiontocancerwouldtellmehowtheexperiencehadchangedthemforthebetterafterreceivingtreatment.It’snotsomuchthatwhatdoesn’tkillyoumakesyoustronger;more,itmightmakeyoumoreunderstandingofyourselfandmoresensitivetothebattlesandstrugglesofothers.Itcanalsogivepeopleasenseofdeterminationandperseverancetheyneverhadbefore.Ihadonepatientwhowasanaddictandalcoholicbesidessufferingeatingdisorder.Shewasfrequentlyrushedintohospitalandwassometimesatarealriskofdying.However,afteryearsofhardwork,shestoppeddrinking,stoppedusingdrugsandhereatingdisorderimproved.Shegotbackintoworkandstarteddoingseveralcoursestogetpromoted.Actually,shehadgonethroughnumerousintenseandexhaustinginterviewsbeforelandingajob,butshesaidwhenevershefeltshecouldn’thandleitordoubtedhercapabilities,sheremindedherselfthatnothingwouldeverbeworseorharderthanwhatshehadalreadygonethrough.Shemanagedtomakethemostofherlifeandturnherlifearound.24.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheoldmantra?A.Alwaysapplicable. B.Totallyabsurd.C.Partiallyright. D.Quitemisleading.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph2possiblymean?A.Thenumberofdeaths.B.Thepossibilityofbeingcured.C.Therateofgettingmentallyhurt.D.Thechanceofhavingmentalillness.26.Howdoestheexperienceinfluencepatientsaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Itleadstoachangeableattitude.B.Itmakesnonoticeabledifference.C.Itbuildsuptheirphysicalstrength.D.Itfostersselfawarenessandsympathy.27.Whatcanwelearnaboutthepatientmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Shecontinuedharmfulhabits. B.Shereliedonlyonmedication.C.Shealwaysbelievedinherself. D.Shebecamestrongerandtougher.【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.D【解析】【导语】本文是议论文，主要论述了一名治疗饮食功能失调症的专家通过分享他的工作经历，表达了自己对常见说法“如果疾病没有杀死你，它会使你更强大”的看法。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“I’malwayscautiousofthetiredsaying（我总是对这句疲倦的话持谨慎态度）”可知，作者对这一说法持保留态度，A选项“总是适用的”，B选项“完全荒谬的”，C选项“部分正确的”，D选项的“十分让人误解的”，故选C。【25题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中画线词的下文“Eatingdisordershavethehighestmortalityofanymentalillness,withoneinfiveofthosewithaneatingdisorderdyingfromit，（饮食功能失调症是所有心理疾病中mortality最高的，五分之一患有饮食功能失调症的人会死于这种疾病，）”可推断划线词的意思应该是“死亡率”，故选A。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“It’snotsomuchthatwhatdoesn’tkillyoumakesyoustronger;more,itmightmakeyoumoreunderstandingofyourselfandmoresensitivetothebattlesandstrugglesofothers.（并不是说那些杀不死你的东西都会让你变得更强大；更重要的是，它可能会让你更加了解自己，对他人的斗争和挣扎更加敏感。）”中的it指代上文提到的“theexperience”，这段经历能培养自我意识和同情心。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“However,afteryearsofhardwork,shestoppeddrinking,stoppedusingdrugsandhereatingdisorderimproved.Shegotbackintoworkandstarteddoingseveralcoursestogetpromoted.Actually,shehadgonethroughnumerousintenseandexhaustinginterviewsbeforelandingajob,butshesaidwhenevershefeltshecouldn’thandleitordoubtedhercapabilities,sheremindedherselfthatnothingwouldeverbeworseorharderthanwhatshehadalreadygonethrough.Shemanagedtomakethemostofherlifeandturnherlifearound.（然而，经过多年的努力，她戒酒、戒毒，饮食失调也得到改善。她重新回到工作岗位，开始学习几门课程以获取晋升。事实上，在找到工作之前，她经历了无数次紧张而疲惫的面试，但她说，每当她觉得自己无法应对或怀疑自己的能力时，她都会提醒自己，没有什么比她已经经历的更糟糕或更困难的了。通过。她成功地充分利用了自己的生活并扭转了自己的生活。）”可知，事例中女病人在与吸毒、酗酒、饮食失调等做斗争的过程中变得更有意志力、耐挫力，故选D。CForwantofachip,thefactorywaslost.OnMay18thToyotabecamethelatestcarmakerforcedtocutproductioninaglobalshortageofmicrochips,announcingitwouldstopworkattwoofitsplantsinJapan.Othercarmakershavealsohadtosendworkershome.Thepainisnotlimitedtothecarindustry,fortheshortagespansallsortsofchips,fromtheexpensive,hightechdevicesthatpowersmartphonesanddatacenterstothesimplesensorsandmicrocontrollersthathavebeeavitalmodity(商品).Thischipdroughtistheresultofthecovid19pandemicinteractingwithanindustrythatissubjecttocyclesofboomandbust.“Themostimportantthing”,saysMalcolmPenn,whorunsachipindustryconsultancy,“isthatshortagesareanaturalpartoftheindustry.”Chipmakingisagoodexampleofa“porkcycle”business,namedfortheregularswingsbetweenunderandoversupplyinporkmarkets.Aswithpigs,thesupplyofchipscannotquicklyreacttochangesindemand.Capacitywastightevenbeforethepandemic,saysMrPenn,pointingoutthatinvestmentbychipmakersinfactoryequipmenthasbeenbelowitslongtermaverageformanyyears.Thepandemicarrivedattheworstpossibletime.Afteranearlycrash,demandinseveralfieldsboomed.Lockeddownconsumersboughtlaptopsandotherdevices.Cloudputingoperatorsaddedserverstodealwiththewaveofhomeworkers.Thecarindustrywasparticularlybadlyhitbyadecisiontocutordersearlyinthepandemicdemandforcarshassincerecovered.Buttheplexitiesoftheproductionprocessmeanittakestimetorecover.“Icancancelmyordersinanafternoon,”saysMr.Penn.“IfIwanttostartthemupagain,thattakesmonthsandthatcapacityisnowbusyservingothercustomers.”Buttheporkcycleisturningonceagain.TaiwanSemiconductorManufacturingpany,theworld’sbiggestchipmaker,planstospend$30bnonnewcapacitythisyear.Twoothergiants,havealsodecidedonfurtherinvestment.Thatwillbringrelieftothewidereconomy,butnotimmediately.ThebossofIBMsaidhethoughttheshortagesmightlastfortwoyears.And,saysMrPenn,whenthedroughteventuallyends,chipmakersmayfindtheyfaceafamiliarproblemonabiggerscale:acapacityinvestmentinresponsetoseriousshortagestodaycouldwellmeanasizeablesurplus(过剩)tomorrow.28.Howdoestheauthorillustratethecyclicalnatureofchipmakinginparagraph3?A.Byreferringtoaquotation. B.Bymakingaparison.C.Bydrawingaconclusion. D.Bypresentinganargument.29.Whatmaytheinvestmentmentionedinparagraph5eventuallyleadto?A.Improvedsupplychainstability. B.Timelyassistancetothebusiness.C.Economicgrowthinrelatedsectors. D.Possiblefutureoversupplyofchips.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Productioncapacitywouldrecoversoon.B.Abinationofreasonsledtochipshortage.C.AninvestmentofS30bnwasenoughfortheproblem.D.Toyotawasthefirstcarmakertosuspendproduction.31.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Loading,pleasewait B.Dying,pleaseactC.Calling,pleaserespond D.Oversupplying,pleasestop【答案】28.B29.D30.B31.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文探讨了全球芯片短缺对汽车工业和其他领域的影响，特别强调了疫情与产业周期性交互作用的重要性，以及投资对未来芯片供应的影响。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段““Themostimportantthing”,saysMalcolmPenn,whorunsachipindustryconsultancy,“isthatshortagesareanaturalpartoftheindustry.”Chipmakingisagoodexampleofa“porkcycle”business,namedfortheregularswingsbetweenunderandoversupplyinporkmarkets.Aswithpigs,thesupplyofchipscannotquicklyreacttochangesindemand.Capacitywastightevenbeforethepandemic,saysMrPenn,pointingoutthatinvestmentbychipmakersinfactoryequipmenthasbeenbelowitslongtermaverageformanyyears.(“最重要的是，”经营一家芯片行业咨询公司的马尔科姆•佩恩说，“短缺是这个行业的一个自然组成部分。”芯片制造是“猪肉周期”的一个很好的例子，以猪肉市场供应不足和供应过剩之间的定期波动命名。与猪肉供应一样，芯片的供应无法迅速对需求变化做出反应。佩恩表示，即使在疫情爆发之前，产能也很紧张。他指出，芯片制造商对工厂设备的投资多年来一直低于长期平均水平)”可知，作者通过比较说明芯片制造的周期性。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“And,saysMrPenn,whenthedroughteventuallyends,chipmakersmayfindtheyfaceafamiliarproblemonabiggerscale:acapacityinvestmentinresponsetoseriousshortagestodaycouldwellmeanasizeablesurplus(过剩)tomorrow.(佩恩表示，当严重短缺最终结束时，芯片制造商可能会发现，他们在更大范围内面临一个熟悉的问题：为应对今天的严重短缺而进行的产能投资，很可能意味着明天会出现相当大的过剩)”可知，第5段提到的投资最终会导致未来可能出现的芯片供过于求。故选D。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thischipdroughtistheresultofthecovid19pandemicinteractingwithanindustrythatissubjecttocyclesofboomandbust.(这种芯片短缺是新冠疫情与受繁荣与萧条周期影响的行业相互作用的结果)”可知，多种原因导致了芯片短缺。故选B。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Forwantofachip,thefactorywaslost.OnMay18thToyotabecamethelatestcarmakerforcedtocutproductioninaglobalshortageofmicrochips,announcingitwouldstopworkattwoofitsplantsinJapan.Othercarmakershavealsohadtosendworkershome.(由于缺少芯片，工厂歇业了。5月18日，丰田公司宣布将停止其在日本的两家工厂的生产，成为最新一家因全球芯片短缺而被迫减产的汽车制造商。其他汽车制造商也不得不让工人回家)”结合本文探讨了全球芯片短缺对汽车工业和其他领域的影响，特别强调了疫情与产业周期性交互作用的重要性，以及投资对未来芯片供应的影响。可知，A选项“正在装载中，请稍等”最符合文章标题。故选A。DInrecentyears,aggressiononsocialmediahavebeemonplace.Morethanhalfofthevictimssaidtheydidn’tknowtheidentityoftheperpetrator(作恶者).Mostpeopleagreedthattheanonymity(匿名)oftheInternetprovidescoverfornastyandharassing(骚扰)behavior.Doesthisgrowingaggressiononsocialmediagiveusaglimpseofourrealhumannature?Areweatourcoreaggressivebeasts?It’struethathatecrimesareontherise,andpoliticaldivisionsappeartobegrowing.Thelevelofpublicbitternessespeciallyonlineissubstantial.ButIdon’tbelievethat’sbecausesocialmediahasunlockedourcruelhumannature.Asanevolutionaryanthropologist,Ihavespentyearsresearchingourtransformationasaspecies.Overthepasttwomillionyears,wehaveevolvedfromgroupsofapelikebeingsarmedwithsticksandstonestothecreatorsofcars,rockets,andnations.Ourbiggerbrainshaveallowedustobondandcooperateinmoreplexanddiversewaysthananyotheranimal.Meanwhile,“youarewhomyoumeet.”Howweperceive,experience,andactintheworldisshapedbywhoandwhatsurroundusonadailybasis.Thisprocesshasdeepevolutionaryrootsandgiveshumanswhatwecallasharedreality.Iwouldarguethattheriseinonlineaggressionisaproductofourevolutionarysocialskills,thesocialmediaboom,andthespecificpolitical,economicandsocialcontextwherewefindourselves.Thisexplosivebinationhasopenedupaspaceforincreasinglymorepeopletofantheflamesofaggressionandinsultonline.Aggressivebehaviorespeciallytothoseyoudon’thavetoconfrontfacetofaceiseasierthanit’severbeen.Andfortheaggressor,thereareoftennoconsequences.Yes,itseemsthattheworldisgettingmoreaggressive,butthat’snotbecausewearemoreaggressiveatourcore.It’sbecausewehaven’tbeenstandingupagainstbullying,abuse,andaggressiveharassment,andpromotingprosocialattitudesandactionsourcontemporaryworlddemands.Inpersonandonsocialmedia,wemustdoboth.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraphtworeferto?A.Hatecrimesontherise. B.Growingpoliticaldivisions.C.Considerableonlinebitterness. D.Thetransformationofhumans.33.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsocialmedia?A.Critical. B.Objective. C.Approving. D.Ironic.34.Whatdoestheauthorproposetoaddresstheissueofgrowingaggression?A.Embracingouraggressivenaturetopeteintoday’sworld.B.Strengtheninglawstoholdperpetratorsresponsiblefortheironlineactions.C.Promotingpositivebehaviorsandinteractionsinbothreallifeanddigitalspaces.D.Focusingonlyonreducinganonymityontheinternettoreduceoffensivebehavior.35.Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?A.Theimpactofsocialmediaonsociety.B.Theinfluenceofevolutiononourbehavior.C.Thereasonsbehindrisingonlineaggression.D.Thefactorsinthesocialmediadevelopment.【答案】32.C33.B34.C35.C【解析】【导语】本文是议论文。本文论述了网上霸凌或其他攻击性言行增加的原因，是人类残忍的本性使然，还是社交媒体的过错。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Doesthisgrowingaggressiononsocialmediagiveusaglimpseofourrealhumannature?Areweatourcoreaggressivebeasts?It’struethathatecrimesareontherise,andpoliticaldivisionsappeartobegrowing.Thelevelofpublicbitternessespeciallyonlineissubstantial.(社交媒体上日益增长的攻击性是否让我们看到了真正的人性？我们本质上是好斗的野兽吗？的确，仇恨犯罪正在上升，政治分歧似乎也在扩大。公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。)”可知，that指上文公众相当高的痛苦程度。A.Hatecrimesontherise仇恨犯罪呈上升趋势；B.Growingpoliticaldivisions日益严重的政治分歧；C.Considerableonlinebitterness相当多的网络痛苦；D.Thetransformationofhumans人类的转变。故选C。33题详解】推理判断题。根据一段中“Mostpeopleagreedthattheanonymity(匿名)oftheInternetprovidescoverfornastyandharassing(骚扰)behavior.(大多数人认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。)”和第二段中“Thelevelofpublicbitternessespeciallyonlineissubstantial.ButIdon’tbelievethat’sbecausesocialmediahasunlockedourcruelhumannature.(公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。但我不相信这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。)”可知，虽然很多人认为网络的匿名性为网上攻击性行为提供了遮掩，作者不这么认为，然后客观论述了背后的原因。所以作者对社交媒体的态度还是比较公正客观的。故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yes,itseemsthattheworldisgettingmoreaggressive,butthat’snotbecausewearemoreaggressiveatourcore.It’sbecausewehaven’tbeenstandingupagainstbullying,abuse,andaggressiveharassment,andpromotingprosocialattitudesandactionsourcontemporaryworlddemands.Inpersonandonsocialmedia,wemustdoboth.(是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心更好斗。这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态度和行动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。)”可知，不管是线上还是线下，整个社会之所以变得越来越有攻击性，不是因为我们本性好斗好攻击，而是因为一直以来我们没有勇敢地站出来与这些攻击性行为做斗争，所以作者提倡线上线下我们都应有积极的言行和互动。故选C。【35题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是通过第一段“Inrecentyears,aggressiononsocialmediahavebeemonplace.Morethanhalfofthevictimssaidtheydidn’tknowtheidentityoftheperpetrator(作恶者).Mostpeopleagreedthattheanonymity(匿名)oftheInternetprovidescoverfornastyandharassing(骚扰)behavior.(近年来，社交媒体上的攻击性已经变得司空见惯。超过一半的受害者说他们不知道行凶者的身份。大多数人认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。)”引入话题：网上攻击性言行的增加，很多人认为始作俑者是网络本身。第二段中“ButIdon’tbelievethat’sbecausesocialmediahasunlockedourcruelhumannature.(但我不相信这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。)”作者提出是不是因为人类本性好斗呢？他不认为是社交媒体释放了我们的本性，接着概括了三个原因：人类进化出的社交特性，网络媒体的繁荣，各种政治、经济和社会环境的影响。最后一段“Yes,itseemsthattheworldisgettingmoreaggressive,butthat’snotbecausewearemoreaggressiveatourcore.It’sbecausewehaven’tbeenstandingupagainstbullying,abuse,andaggressiveharassment,andpromotingprosocialattitudesandactionsourcontemporaryworlddemands.Inpersonandonsocialmedia,wemustdoboth.(是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心更好斗。这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态度和行动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。)”作者呼吁大家行动起来，与这些攻击性言行作斗争。综上，作者主要探讨了日益增长的网络攻击行为背后的原因，故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。We’veallexperiencedthesenseofuneasethattheendofaholidayweekendoftenbrings.____36____Mondaymorningafteraholidayweekendrepresentsapsychologicalshiftfromfreedomandrelaxationtopressureandobligations.Ourmindsandbodies,accustomedtotherhythm