2025版高考英语一轮复习第3部分人与自然主题群2环境保护主题语境1自然环境自然遗产保护教师用书教案

PAGE主题群二环境爱护主题语境(一)自然环境、自然遗产爱护阅读理解A(2024·浙江1月卷·B)Milwaukee，Wisconsin，isroadtestinganewwaytokeepwinterroadsice­free—byspreadingonthemcheesebrine，thesaltyliquidusedtomakesoftcheeses，likemozzarella.Wisconsin，alsocalled“America'sDairyland”，isfamousforitscheese.Thestateproduced2.8billionpoundsofcheeselastyear！Asaresult，therewasalotofleftovercheesebrine.Disposingof(处置)thebrinecanbeexpensive.Sowhatshouldcheesemakersdowiththewaste?Normally，townsuserocksalttode­icestreets.Thesaltlowerswater'sfreezingpoint，causingicetomelt(溶化)．Butusingcheesebrinecouldhelpbothcheeseproducersandcitiessavemoney，whilekeepingroadssafe.Cheesebrinehassaltinit，which，liketherocksalt，helpslowerwater'sfreezingpoint.Inadditiontosavingmoney，cheesebrinecouldalsobeamoreeco­friendlyoption.Manypeoplesuspectthatalltherocksaltusedeverywinterisharmingtheenvironment.Rocksaltismadeofsodiumchloride，thesamecompound(化合物)inordinarytablesalt.Soundsharmless，right？Butwhileyouprobablyaddonlyasmallamountofsalttoyourfood，roadcrewsspreadabout20milliontonsofsaltonU．S.roadseveryyear!Thechemicalwashesoffroadsandgoesintotheground.Thereitcanpollutedrinkingwater，harmplants，andeatawaysoil.Byspreadingcheesebrineonstreetsbeforeaddingalayerofrocksalt，Milwaukeemaybeabletocutitsrocksaltuseby30percent.Cheesebrinehasadownsidetoo—asmellsimilartothatofbadmilk.“Idon'treallymindit，”EmilNorbytoldModernFarmermagazine.HeworksforoneofWisconsin'scountyhighwaycommissionsandcameupwiththeideaofusingcheesebrine.“OurroadssmelllikeWisconsin！”hesaid.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在文章中，作者主要介绍了美国威斯康星州密尔沃基市变废为宝，用cheesebrine(奶酪盐水)来除冰。1．Whycancheesebrinehelpkeepwinterroadsice­free?A．Itissoft. B．Itcontainssalt.C．Itiswarm. D．Ithasmilkinit.B[细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段的“cheesebrine，thesaltyliquidusedtomakesoftcheeses”和第三段的“Cheesebrinehassaltinit，which，liketherocksalt，helpslowerwater'sfreezingpoint.”可知，因为奶酪盐水含有盐，所以可以被用来除冰。故答案选B项。]2．Whatisabenefitofusingcheesebrineonroads?A．Improvingairquality.B．Increasingsalesofrocksalt.C．Reducingwaterpollution.D．Savingthecheeseindustry.C[推理推断题。依据文章第四段的“cheesebrinecouldalsobeamoreeco­friendlyoption”和第六段的“Thereitcanpollutedrinkingwater，harmplants，andeatawaysoil.Byspreadingcheesebrineonstreets”可推断，利用奶酪盐水来除冰更加环保，比用其他化学制品更能够削减对水的污染。故选C项。]3．Milwaukee'snewwaytode­icestreetsmaybeanexampleof________.A．barkingupthewrongtreeB．puttingthecartbeforethehorseC．robbingPetertopayPaulD．killingtwobirdswithonestoneD[推理推断题。依据文章第三段的“Butusingcheesebrine...keepingroadssafe.”和第四段的“Inadditiontosavingmoney，cheesebrinecouldalsobeamoreeco­friendlyoption.”可知，利用奶酪盐水来除冰是一箭双雕的事情，既能够省钱，做到废物再利用，同时又能够比其他化学制品更加环保。故答案选D项“killingtwobirdswithonestone”(一石二鸟)。]B(2024·天津卷·C)Howdoesanecosystem(生态系统)work？Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare？Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves？Tofindananswer，scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs，notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.Withsuchmodels，scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs，forinstance，consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物)，thetwospeciesarestronglylinked；whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies，theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies，itcansurvivetheextinction(灭亡)ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare，theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable，wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s，scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies—includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop­downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean，wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale，whileonland，wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.Scientistshavebuiltanearly­warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally，thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey，scientistssay，becauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint(临界点)，itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发觉了食物网方面的一些关键原则。4．Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs?A．Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.B．Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.C．Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.D．Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.B[细微环节理解题。依据其次段的“Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.”可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发觉了食物网中的一些关键原则。故选B。]5．Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator________.A．hasawidefoodchoiceB．caneasilyfindnewpreyC．stickstoonepreyspeciesD．canquicklymovetoanotherplaceC[细微环节理解题。依据其次段的“Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物)，thetwospeciesarestronglylinked”可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。故选C。]6．Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline?A．Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.B．Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.C．Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.D．Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.D[推理推断题。依据第三段的“Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies—includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack”可知，处于食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有干脆攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的限制，由此可推断出，假如位于食物网顶端的食肉动物的数量大大下降，其他物种的数量将发生意想不到的变更。故选D。]7．WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinParagraph4?A．Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.B．Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.C．Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.D．Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.A[推理推断题。依据第五段的“Ideally，thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline”可知，人类过度的活动会将生态系统推向崩溃，由此可推断出，不受限制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。故选A。]8．Howdoesanearly­warningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalance?A．Bygettingillegalpracticesundercontrol.B．Bystoppingusfromkillinglargepredators.C．Bybringingthebroken­downecosystemsbacktonormal.D．Bysignalingtheurgentneedfortakingpreventiveaction.D[细微环节理解题。依据最终一段的“Scientistshavebuiltanearly­warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideallythesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.”可知，预警系统提前发出信号以让人们实行措施防止生态系统遭到破坏。故选D。]C(2024·北京卷·D)Bytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner，theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas，whilereducingitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyburycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth，sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow，butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging，”shesaid，“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter？Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean，Dutkiewiczsaid，“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable，buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange，”Dutkiewiczsaid，“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”【语篇解读】本文为说明文。一项新的探讨表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫作浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五彩缤纷的图案。但是浮游植物很简洁受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，气候变暖会变更海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。9．Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A．Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B．Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C．Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D．Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.B[段落大意题。依据第一段“Bytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知，到本世纪末，一项新的探讨表明，由于气候变暖，假如不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。结合其次段“Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentration”可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫作浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五彩缤纷的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于浮游植物的类型和浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变更的缘由。分析选项可知B符合题意，故选B。]10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.A[词义揣测题。依据画线词后的“Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunshineandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.”可知，气候变暖会变更海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可推断“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend”浮游植物很简洁受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。可知A项正确。]11．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B．Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C．Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D．Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.D[推理推断题。依据第四段“Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener”，可知Dutkiewicz的模型预料，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。分析选项可知D项符合题意。]12．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B．Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C．Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D．Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.C[主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨“Bytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知，到本世纪末，一项新的探讨表明，由于气候变暖，假如不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth...”可知，“浮游植物很简洁受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，变暖变更了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要说明气候变更对海洋及其植物的影响。故选C。]完形填空(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro，thehighestmountaininAfrica.They1withthemlotsofwaste.The2mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers(冰川)aredisappearing，changingthe3ofKilimanjaro.Hearingthesestories，I'm4abouttheplace—otherdestinationsaredescribedas“purer”naturalexperiences.However，Isoon5thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof6amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda7mountain，withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare8buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe9.ThebestofaKilimanjaro10，inmyopinion，isn'treachingthetop.Mountainsare11asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This12isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas13gothroughfiveecosystems(生态系统)inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters，14landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup，theweather15—lowcloudsenvelopthemountainsides，whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I16twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthehighland17：gravel(砾石)，stonesandrocks.18youclimbintoanarctic­likezonewith19snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.DoesKilimanjaro20itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace？Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了非洲乞力马扎罗山的环境污染以及当地机构努力治理之后环境的改观状况。该语篇能激发深化思索，关注自然和生态，探究人与自然的和谐相处之道。1．A.keep B．mixC．connect D．bringD[依据第一句“Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro...”可知，每年大约有4万人试图攀登乞力马扎罗山，所以他们攀登的时候带来(bring)了许多垃圾。]2．A.stories B．buildingsC．crowds D．reportersC[联系上文中的“about40,000people”可知，这些人群(crowds)有可能破坏这个地方的美。]3．A.position B．ageC．face D．nameC[联系上文中的“Theglaciersaredisappearing”可知，冰川的消逝正在变更乞力马扎罗山的面貌(face)。]4．A.silent B．skepticalC．serious D．crazyB[联系下文“otherdestinationsaredescribedas‘purer’naturalexperiences”可知，其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验，所以作者对乞力马扎罗山被严峻破坏的报道表示怀疑(skeptical)。beskepticalabout对……表示怀疑。]5．A.discover B．argueC．decide D．advocateA[联系下文的“muchhaschanged”可知，作者发觉(discover)了乞力马扎罗山的变更。]6．A.equipment B．grassC．camps D．stonesC[联系下文中的“withtoiletsatcamps”可知，这里报道的是营地(camp)。]7．A.remote B．quietC．tall D．cleanD[联系上文However(然而)及下文“withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths(营地和路边都有厕所)”可推知，作者看到的是干净的(clean)山。]8．A.new B．specialC．significant D．necessaryC[上文提到乞力马扎罗山有众多游客，而且有许多垃圾，还有令人心烦的诸多报道，由此可知，这里面临的环境挑战是重大的(significant)。]9．A.payingoff B．spreadingoutC．blowingup D．fadingawayA[联系前文的“withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths”可知，坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力好像正在奏效(payoff)。]10．A.atmosphere B．experienceC．experiment D．sightB[联系下文reachingthetop可知，作者认为乞力马扎罗山最好的爬山体验(experience)并不是登顶。]11．A.studied B．observedC．explored D．regardedD[联系空后的“bymanycultures”可知，山在许多文化中被看作是(regard)灵魂之地。]12．A.view B．qualityC．reason D．purposeA[结合上文的“文化观”，再联系下文的“gothroughfiveecosystems”可知，这种“经验五种生态系统”的景色(view)在乞力马扎罗山表现尤为明显。]13．A.scientists B．climbersC．locals D．officialsB[联系上文的“Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro...”可知，爬山的人(climbers)可以经验五种生态系统。]14．A.holdingonto B．goingbacktoC．livingupto D．givingwaytoD[联系上文的“Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters”可知，热带雨林在3000米处突然中止，取而代之的是生长着低矮植物的土地。givewayto意为“被……代替”，符合语境。]15．A.changes B．clearsC．improves D．permitsA[上文介绍了五种生态系统中的两种，再联系下文的“lowcloudsenvelopthemountainsides”可知，在这里气候又发生了变更(change)。]16．A.match B．imagineC．count D．addC[联系空后的“twelveshadesofgreen”可知，作者数出了(count)12种绿色。]17．A.village B．desertC．road D．lakeB[联系冒号后的“gravel，stonesandrocks”可知，4000米以上是荒漠(desert)。]18．A.Obviously B．EasilyC．Consequently D．FinallyD[上文介绍了从山下到山上的五个生态系统，所以这里说最终(finally)爬到了一个像北极圈一样的区域。]19．A.permanent B．littleC．fresh D．artificialA[联系上文的“climbintoanarctic­likezone”可知，攀登者到了一个像北极圈的地方，所以这里是指常年积雪。permanent意为“永久的，永恒的”，符合语境。]20．A.enjoy B．deserveC．save D．acquireB[联系下文的“Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.”可知，作者在这里自问自答：乞力马扎罗山真的应当获得(deserve)游客拥挤、环境破坏的名声吗？我想答案是否定的。]Ⅰ.写出所给单词的汉语意思1．leftovern．剩菜2．disposev．处理3．suspectv．怀疑4．downsiden．负面5．commissionn．委员会6．ecosystemn．生态系统7．tinyadj.微小的8．globaladj.全球的9．nutrientn．养分物10．throughoutprep.遍及11．multipleadj.数量多的；多种多样的12．chainn．&v.链；束缚13．shaden．阴凉Ⅱ.依据所给汉语写出英文单词1．weakadj.虚弱的2．stableadj.稳固的3．attackv．进攻4．climaten．气候5．processn．过程6．attemptn．&v．试图7．ruinv．摧毁Ⅲ.依据所给提示写出派生单词1．saltn．盐→saltyadj.含盐的2．optionn．选择→optionaladj.可选择的3．environmentn．环境→environmentaladj.环境的4．survivev．幸存→survivaln．幸存5．originn．起源→originaladj.最初的6．organn．器官→organismn．有机体7．appearv．出现→appearancen．出现，外貌8．spiritn．精神→spiritualadj.精神上的Ⅳ.依据所给汉语写出惯用习语1．in_addition_to除了2．for_instance例如3．rather_than而不是4．one_another_相互[即时演练]单句语法填空1．ThearrivalofthissouthAmericanpredatorthreatenedthesurvival(survive)ofnativespecies.2．Davidturnedaroundandwalkedoffin_theoppositedirection.3．Intimeofwar,lotsofmoneywillbespentondefenceandmanymeasureswillbetakentodefendacountryfrombeing_attacked(attack)．4．Therewasnosignalinthatcountryvillageandallmyattempts(attempt)contactyoufailed.5．Theearthquakediddamagetotheareawheremanyhousesfelldownandmanypeopleweretrappedinruins.6．Chargedwithactingdishonestlyinherbusiness，shewas_inlowspirits.Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1．IcounttwelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand._色度2．Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.起作用Ⅱ.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)1．Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.[译文]一项新的探讨表明，到本世纪末，假如不是更早的话，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。2．Furtherup,theweatherchanges—lowcloudsenvelopthemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.[译文]再往上，天气变更无常——低云覆盖着山坡，山坡上覆盖着厚厚的青草。Ⅲ.困难晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1．Milwaukee,Wisconsin,isroadtestinganewwaytokeepwinterroadsice­free—byspreadingonthemcheesebrine,thesaltyliquidusedtomakesoftcheeses,likemozzarella.[分析]这是一个简洁句。主语是城市名Milwaukee,Wisconsin，谓语部分是isroadtestinganewwaytokeepwinterroadsice­free是不定式作定语修饰way。破折号后的内容说明说明anewway,thesaltyliquid是cheesebrine的同位语，usedtomakesoftcheeses后置定语修饰liquid。[译文]威斯康星州的密尔沃基市正在路上测试一种防止冬季道路结冰的新方法——通过往路面上撒奶酪盐水，就是那种用来制作松软奶酪，比如莫泽雷勒奶酪的盐水。2．Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.[分析]本句主句结构在后半句，即theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover，前面的if从句是条件状语从句，that引导定语从句，修饰anotherspecies，when引导状语从句，修饰canmoveonto...。[译文]而且，假如掠食者在一种猎物快要灭亡时，能够转移到另一种更简洁找到的猎物上去，那么这种转变就能让原先的猎物种群得以复原。1．arrangementn．支配；筹备；约定(1)arrangement表示“支配，筹备”时可以用作可数名词，也可以用作不行数名词；表示“约定，协定”一般是可数名词。(2)arrangev.筹备；支配；整理；布置；排列；改编arrangetodosth.支配做某事arrange(forsb./sth.)todosth.支配(……)做某事arrangesth.forsb.为某人支配某事makearrangementsfor支配好makeanarrangement做出支配beinterestedinflowerarrangement喜爱插花arrangethingsfromsmalltolarge依据从小到大来整理物品arrangemusicalcompositions改编音乐作品[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Nobelarrangedinhiswillto_give(give)thelargestpartofhismoneytoestablishtheNobelprizes.②Areyouhappywiththatarrangement(arrange)?③IhavearrangedforTomto_pick(pick)uptheexpertsattheairport.[实力提升]——句式升级一般表达：Sinceeverythinghasbeenarrangedwell,theeveningpartywillbeginat8o'clockasplanned.高级表达：With_everything_arranged_well，theeveningpartywillbeginat8o'clockasplanned.(with复合结构)[名师点津](1)表示“支配某人做某事”用arrangeforsb.todosth.而不用arrangesb.todosth.。(2)makearrangements(forsth./forsb.todosth.)中的arrangement常用复数形式。2．keyn．钥匙；键；关键adj.关键的(1)多与介词to搭配，后跟名词或者动名词，表示“……的钥匙”或者“……的关键”。(2)和介词to搭配的词还有answer,solution,approach等。thekeysteptomakelifehealthy使生活健康的关键步骤makeanoteofthekeypointsinclass在课堂上登记要点[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Havingstruggledformanyyears,hewasfinallyadmittedtoakeyuniversity.②Nearlyalloftheyoungpeopleinterviewedbelievedthathardworkwasthekeytosuccess(succeed)．[实力提升]——完成句子获得重点高校录用被一些父母视为通往胜利之路的关键所在。Gainingadmissiontoa_key_universityisseenasa_key_to_future_successforsomeparents.3．concentrationn.用心；集中(1)concentratevt.&viconcentrateon/upon用心于……concentrate...on/upon...把……用心于……(2)concentratedadj.决心要做的；浓缩的；集中的concentrateonone'sstudies用心学习havetoconcentrateonsolvingtheproblem必需集中精力解决这个问题demandourconcentration要求我们集中留意力concentratedorangejuice浓缩橙汁[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Shehasturneddownseveralinvitationstostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.②Drivingrequiresconcentration(concentrate)andspeakingonthephonedistractsadriver'sattentionfromtheroad.[实力提升]——完成句子/句式升级①一般表达：Becauseheconcentrated_his_attention_on(专注于)playingnetworkgames,hedidn'tnoticethekitchenwasonfire.②高级表达：With_his_attention_concentrated_onplayingnetworkgames,hedidn'tnoticethekitchenwasonfire.(with复合结构)③高级表达：Concentrating_his_attention_onplayingnetworkgames,hedidn'tnoticethekitchenwasonfire.(现在分词短语作状语)4．buryvt.安葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉醉；使用心beburiedin＝buryoneselfin埋头于；用心于beburiedinthought深思buryhisfaceinhishands双手掩面buriedtreasure埋藏的财宝buryhimselfinthestudyofChinesehistory埋头于中国历史的探讨[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark,burying(bury)herheadinthebookinherhands.②Hestoodonthesidewalkwithhishandsburied(bury)inthepocketsofhisdarkovercoat.③WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundhimburying(bury)hisfaceinhishands.[实力提升]——完成句子/句式升级由于他埋头于书本，他没留意到其他人已经离开了。①一般表达：Becauseheburied_himself_in/was_buried_inhisbook，hedidn'tnoticethatalltheothershadleft.②高级表达：Burying_himself_in_his_book，hedidn'tnoticethatalltheothershadleft.(现在分词作状语)③高级表达：Buried_in_his_book，hedidn'tnoticethatalltheothershadleft.(过去分词作状语)[名师点津]表示“埋头于；致力于”的短语还有：bedevotedto＝devoteoneselftobeabsorbedinconcentrateonfocusonfixone'sattentiononoccupyoneselfindoing/with＝beoccupiedwithburyoneselfin/beburiedinsth.putone'sheartinto5．ruinn．[U]毁坏；毁灭；崩溃[C](pl.)废墟；遗迹v．(使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭(1)inruins成为废墟(2)ruinoneself毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruinone'shealth/fame毁坏某人的健康/声誉ruinthetablecloth弄脏了那块桌布ruinourfriendship破坏了我们的友情theruinofcivilization文明的毁灭financialruin破产theruinsofRome古罗马遗迹[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thecropswereruined(ruin)bythelatefrost.②WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.[实力提升]——完成句子/句式升级地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。①一般表达：Thewholecitylayin_ruinsaftertheearthquakeanditmadeusawakeallnight.②高级表达：Thewholecitylayinruinsaftertheearthquake,which_made_us_awake_all_night.(非限制性定语从句)Ideally，thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.志向状况下，该系统会告知我们何时调整人类活动，以避开生态系统崩溃，或者甚至可以让我们把一种生态系统从临界点复原过来。[句型公式]ideally译为“志向状态下；完备地”。在本句中是一种评注性副词，一般放在句首，是对后面整个句子的评述。(1)常见副词作评注性状语的有：personally,honestly,frankly,obviously,clearly,briefly,luckily,fortunately,naturally,actually等(2)常见短语作评注性状语的有：happilyforsb.,generallyspeaking,whatisworse,worsestill,strangelyenough,notsurprisingly等。(3)非谓语动词短语也可以用作评注性状语，如：judgingfrom,exactlyspeaking,tobehonest,tomakemattersworse,totellthetruth,tobesure等。(4)介词短语可以用作评注性状语的有：ofcourse,from...pointofview,inshort,inbrief,inaword,toone'ssurprise,asamatteroffact等。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①To_behonest，weadmiredthewayhedealtwiththeproblem.②Fortunately(fortunate),afterabriefstayinhospital,Benwaswellenoughtobeallowedtoleaveandlaterthefamilymetupfordinner.[实力提升]——完成句子Generally/Generally_speaking/In_general_(一般来说),theharderanathletetrainsbeforeamatch,themorepossiblyhe/shewillwin.夯基固本·学问落实Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空1．Inadditiontoimproving(improve)creativity,learningmusicalsodevelopmanyskillsthatwillcontinuetobeusefultoyourchildrenthroughouttheirlives.2．Thoughtheideamaybedead，itisfarfrombeing_buried(bury)．3．Whatevershesayswillnotmakeanydifferencetoourarrangements(arrange)．4．To_ruin(ruin)Tom'sfame，thewomanliedtothepolice.5．Shefeltwelldisposed(dispose)towardsthelittleboy.Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词1．Infact，thekeytoeasymorningwake­upliesinresettingyourbodyclock.2．Inadditiontomyweeklywage，Igotalotoftips.3．Imagine，forinstance，thatyoulostyourbankcard.4．Tobeeffective，youneedtoidentifyyourstrengthsandconcentrateonthem.5．IthinkIwillhaveacolddrinkratherthancoffee.强技提能·学问应用Ⅰ.完形填空AsourEarth'stemperaturewarmsupbecauseofclimatechange，itishavingunexpectedeffectsonourworld'sforests.Whentemperaturesrise，treesclosetheirskinsto1thelossofwater，andthis，inturn，slowsdownthe2ofphotosynthesis(光合作用)．Asaresult，thesetreesareshorterandgrowslowly，aswellashavea3deathrate.Climatechangealsoincreasesthe4ofdroughtsandwildfires.Afterwildfires，ittakesawhilefortheforestsystemsto5，andinsomecases，theforestsare6permanently.Treesthatarestressedarealso7toattacksbybacteria(细菌)．Intropicalforests，vinesthatusethetreesas8canoftenchokethetreesandrobthemofnutrients.Finally，humanshave9theforestlandscapethroughlogging.Whentreesarereplantedonthesoil，theywillnevergrowaslargeasthe10treesthatwerecutdown.Astheseforestsdisappear，speciesthatoncecalledthem“home”areforcedtochange，11thevarietyofthosesystems.12，someendangeredspeciesareunableto13anddie.Old­growthforestsaredisappearinginallregionsofourworld.Whenforestsdie，youngerforeststhatarere­establishedinthesameareagrowbackweakerandsmaller14poorvegetation(植被)．Withtreesdyingincreasinglyandcontinuously，willfuturegenerations15outonthewondersofforests?【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明由于气候变更，地球温度上升，对森林产生了意想不到的影响。先是温度上升导致树木矮小，生长缓慢，死亡率高；其次，气候变更也增加了干旱和野火的可能性。野火导致了森林的消逝，因此，以森林为“家”的物种被迫发生变更，甚至死亡。1．A.protect B．preventC．save D．freeB[考查动词词义辨析。句意：当(地球的)温度上升时，树木会将树皮闭合，以防止水分流失，而这反过来又会减慢光合作用