2025版高考英语一轮复习第3部分人与自然主题群1自然生态主题语境1主要国家地理概况教师用书教案

PAGE人与自然主题群一自然生态主题语境(一)主要国家地理概况阅读理解A(2024·江苏卷·B)Inthe1960s，whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat，oddly，hadnottroubledanyonebefore：hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn'tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.Mostofus，whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes，thinkoftheclassiccone(圆锥体)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro，whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(岩浆)pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943，aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth，allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis，however，asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack，leavingbehindavasthole，thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype，butChristiansencouldn'tfindthecalderaanywhere.JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh­altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow­upforoneofthevisitors'centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos，herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera：almostthewholepark—2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，讲解并描述了二十世纪六十年头BobChristiansen在探讨黄石公园的火山历史时，惊奇地发觉在黄石公园没有找到火山。原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形态的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了，以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。1．WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone?A．Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures.B．Itsever­lastinginfluenceontourism.C．Themysterioushistoryofthepark.D．Theexactlocationofthevolcano.D[细微环节理解题。依据第一段最终一句“ButChristiansencouldn'tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.”可知，他困惑的是在黄石公园没有找到火山。故选D。]2．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Theshapesofvolcanoes.B．Theimpactsofvolcanoes.C．Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.D．Theheightsofvolcanoes.A[主旨大意题。本段讲解并描述了两种形态的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆积累形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞。故选A。]3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow­up”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A．Hot­airballoon. B．Digitalcamera.C．Bigphotograph. D．Bird'sview.C[词义揣测题。依据第三段第一句“JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh­altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow­upforoneofthevisitors'centers.”可知，美国国家航空航天局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放大，选C。]B(2024·全国卷Ⅲ·B)Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare，likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity，forexample，isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896，Dawson，Canada，wasunmappedwilderness(荒野)．Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897，andtwoyearslater，itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest，withapopulationof30,000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow­coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath，killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson，however，therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere，Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon，thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown，andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska，theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today，peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了加拿大道森的历史、发展与现状。4．WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?A．Itsbusinessculture.B．Itssmallpopulation.C．Itsgeographicalposition.D．Itsfavourableclimate.C[推理推断题。依据第一段中的“NewYorkCity，forexample，isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.”可推知，由于纽约市地处哈德逊河入海口，其优越的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。C项正确。]5．WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?A．Two­thirdsofthemstayedthere.B．Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C．Almosteveryonegaveup.D．Halfofthemdied.B[细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.”可知，在最先的两万淘金者中，有4000人变得富有了，换言之，即有五分之一的人(oneoutoffivepeople)变得富有了，故答案为B。]6．WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?A．Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.B．Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C．Theywereunabletostandthewinter.D．Theywereshortoffood.B[细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Butsoon...andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska，theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.”可知，当道森的黄金都被发掘后，人们听说在阿拉斯加发觉了新的金矿，他们便很快离开道森了。由此可推知，他们是想去阿拉斯加碰碰运气。B项正确。]7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Theriseandfallofacity.B．ThegoldrushinCanada.C．Journeysintothewilderness.D．TourisminDawson.A[主旨大意题。本文主要以道森为例，讲解并描述了城市的兴衰，故A项正确。]C(2024·全国卷Ⅲ·A)SanFranciscoFireEngineToursSanFranciscoWineryTourRunning：February1stthroughApril30thThisdelicioustourgoesthroughthecityonitswaytoTreasureIslandwherewewillstopatthefamousWinerySF.Hereyoucanenjoy4poursofsomeofthebestwineSanFranciscohastooffer.(Includedinticketprice)DepartingfromtheCannery：TourtimesuponrequestDuration(时长)：2hoursPrice：$90BacktotheFiftiesTourRunning：August16ththroughAugust31stThistourtransportsyoubackintimetooneofSanFrancisco'smostfantasticperiods，the1950s！EnjoyfunhistoryaswetakeyouthroughSanFranciscoforafreetasteoficecream.DepartingfromtheCannery：5：00pmand7：30pmDuration：2hoursPrice：$90SpookyHalloweenTourRunning：October10ththroughOctober31stJoinusforaridethroughthehistoricalPresidioeq\a\vs4\al(district).Authenticfiregear(服装)isprovidedforyourwarmthasourentertainerstakeyoutosomeofthemostthrillingpartsofSanFrancisco.DepartingfromtheCannery：6：30pmand8：30pmDuration：1hourand30minutesPrice：AvailableuponrequestHolidayLightsTourRunning：December6ththroughDecember23rdThisattractivetourtakesyoutosomeofSanFrancisco'smostcheerfulholidayscenes.Authenticfiregearisprovidedforyourwarmthasyougetintotheholidayspirit.DepartingfromtheCannery：7：00pmand9：00pmDuration：1hourand30minutesAdvancereservationsrequired.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国旧金山的四条旅游路途。8．WhichofthetoursisavailableinMarch?A．SanFranciscoWineryTour.B．BacktotheFiftiesTour.C．SpookyHalloweenTour.D．HolidayLightsTour.A[细微环节理解题。依据第一个标题SanFranciscoWineryTour下的“February1stthroughApril30th”可知，此项活动从2月1日持续到4月30日，所以假如3月份出游，要选择SanFranciscoWineryTour，故选A项。]9．WhatcantouristsdoonBacktotheFiftiesTour?A．GotoTreasureIsland.B．Enjoytheholidayscenes.C．Havefreeicecream.D．VisitthePresidiodistrict.C[细微环节理解题。依据其次个标题BacktotheFiftiesTour下的“EnjoyfunhistoryaswetakeyouthroughSanFranciscoforafreetasteoficecream.”可知，游客在领会历史文化的同时，还有免费的冰激凌可吃，故选C项。]10．WhataretouristsrequiredtodotogoonHolidayLightsTour?A．Takesomedrinks.B．Setoffearlyinthemorning.C．Wearwarmclothes.D．Makereservationsinadvance.D[细微环节理解题。依据最终一个标题HolidayLightsTour下的“Advancereservationsrequired.”可知，想参与这条路途，游客要提前预订，故选D项。]Ⅰ.写出所给单词的汉语意思1．oddlyadv._怪异地2．featuren．特点3．eruptvi.爆发；喷出4．remarkablyadv.引人注目的5．explosiveadj.爆炸的6．singleadj.单一的；单身的7．authorityn．权威；权力8．scalen．规模；比例9．harbourn．海港10．avalanchen．雪崩11．rushn．冲进；仓促12．industryn．工业，产业13．enginen．发动机，引擎14．deliciousadj.美味的15．treasuren．财宝16．departv．离开17．authenticadj.真实的18．scenen．场景Ⅱ.依据所给汉语写出英文单词1．leveln．水平2．beyondprep.超出3．graduallyadv.渐渐地；逐步地4．naturaladj.自然的5．digv．挖掘6．chiefadj.主要的7．presentadj.现在的，出席的8．transportvt.运输；运输Ⅲ.依据所给提示写出派生单词1．steamn．蒸汽→steamyadj.蒸汽的2．confusev．使迷惑→confusedadj.感到困惑的→confusingadj.令人困惑的3．extinctv．灭亡→extinctionn．灭亡4．thoughtn．想法→thoughtfuladj.考虑周到的5．digitn．数字→digitaladj.数字的6．communicatevi.沟通→communicationn．沟通；沟通7．discoverv．发觉→discoveryn．发觉8．thrillv．使兴奋→thrillingadj.毛骨悚然的Ⅳ.依据所给汉语写出惯用习语1．all_but几乎2．have_a_good_reason_for_有充分的理由3．make_it胜利4．no_matter不论5._depend_on取决于[即时演练]单句语法填空1．Theconfused(confuse)lookonTom'sfacesuggestedthathedidn'tquiteunderstandhismanager'sidea.2．Wilsonhascoveredanastonishing64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorousconversationswiththestudentshetransports(transport)toandfromschool.3．Asisknowntoalllanguagelearners,newly­learntwordswillsoonbeforgottenunlessfrequentlyusedineverydaycommunication(communicate)．4．Astheweathergradually_(gradual)becomeswarmerandwarmer,hewillpickupsoon.5．Hesawlifeasavoyageofdiscovery(discover)．6．Ifyouhaveajob,dodevoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou'llmakeit.7．Itisverythoughtful(thought)ofyoutosendtheflowers.8．Thatwouldhavebeenagoodenoughreasonformenottogo.Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1．AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth,allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.大约2．Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.宽Ⅱ.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)1．FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.[译文]然而，对于许多到过道森市的人来说，这趟艰苦的旅程是值得这些回报的。2．Hereyoucanenjoy4poursofsomeofthebestwineSanFranciscohastooffer.[译文]在这里你可以品尝到4杯旧金山供应的最好的葡萄酒。Ⅲ.困难晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1．Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassicconeshapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagmapilesup.[分析]主语是mostofus，谓语部分是thinkof...，whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes是状语从句，隔开了主语和谓语。从语法结构上讲也可以把when引导的状语从句放在句首。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰theclassicconeshapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro。wheneruptingmagmapilesup是状语从句，修饰动词created。[译文]当谈到火山时，我们中的大多数都会想到富士山或者乞力马扎罗山的经典圆锥形态，它们是在岩浆喷发积累时形成的。2．Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.[分析]本句是由and连接的两个并列分句构成。前面分句是简洁句，其中withnointerestinsettlingdown作定语修饰people。后边分句的主谓结构是theyleftDawsonCity...，when引导时间状语从句，在从句中，therewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska是heard的宾语从句，省略了引导词that。[译文]城市里挤满了悲观的人们，他们对定居毫无爱好，等听说阿拉斯加有新的金矿发觉时，他们就像来时那样快速离开了道森城。1．accountvi.&vt.认为；说明；总计有n．说明；理由；计算；账目(1)takeaccountof.../oaccount考虑到；顾及onaccountof因为，由于onnoaccount决不giveanaccountof报告；叙述；说明(2)accountfor说明；说明；(数量，比例上)占openanaccount开户createane­mailaccount创建电子邮件账户giveusalongaccountofhertriptoEurope向我们具体讲解并描述她的欧洲之行[基础练习]——单句语法填空①NorthSeaoilaccounts②WhileCHRONOLOGICAtellsthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistorysuchasThomasEdisonandAlexandertheGreat，thisbookalsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser­knownindividuals...③(2024·天津卷)Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthaton_noaccountshouldtheyusemobilephonesinhisclass.[实力提升]——词汇升级一般表达：Theflightwaspostponedbecauseofthebadweather.高级表达：Theflightwaspostponedon_account_ofthebadweather.[名师点津]onnoaccount意为“决不”，放在句首时常引起句子的部分倒装，有类似用法的还有：bynomeans,innoway,onnocondition,undernocircumstances,innocase,atnotime等。2．involvevt.包括；涉及；使参与；须要(1)involvesb.in(doing)sth.使某人参与(做)某事；使某人牵扯到某事中involvedoingsth.包括做某事；参与做某事involveoneselfinsth.自己参与某事(2)involvedadj.困难的；有牵连的，有关的get/beinvolvedin被卷入……之中；热衷于，用心于be/getinvolvedwithsb./sth.与某人混在一起，和……有亲密联系getinvolvedwiththatcrowd与那群人混在一起involvewesternfestivalsandcustoms涉及西方的节日和习俗getinvolvedincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth参与社区活动，能从中为成长获得阅历[名师点津]involvedadj.作前置定语时，意为“困难的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及到的”。如：aninvolvedsentence“一个困难的句子”；thepeopleinvolved“所涉及的人”。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①On­linevotingbecomesincreasinglypopular,andmanycompetitionsgetpeopleinvolvedinit.②Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved(involve)．③Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolvesspending(spend)quitealotoftimewithstudents.[实力提升]——完成句子父母应当参与孩子的教化。Parentsshould_involve_themselves_intheirchild'seducation.3．assumptionn．假设，设想(1)assumevt.设想；假定；认为；担当assumethat...假定，认为……assume...tobe...认为……是……；假定……是……(2)assumingthat假定……(作状语)(3)ontheassumptionthat假设……insupportofourassumption支持我们的假设itisreasonabletoassume认为……合理assumingitrainstomorrow假设明天下雨[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Whereunemploymentandcrimeratesarehigh,itcanbe_assumed(assume)thatthelatterisduetotheformer.②(2024·江苏卷)Trytounderstandwhat'sactuallyhappeninginsteadofactingontheassumption_(assume)you'vemade.[实力提升]——词汇升级一般表达：IfIamchosentobeavolunteeratBeijingWinterOlympicGames,Iwillservethepeopleheartandsoul.高级表达：Assuming_(that)IamchosentobeavolunteeratBeijingWinterOlympicGames,Iwillservethepeopleheartandsoul.4．conveniencen．便利；便利；便利的事物；便利设施(1)atone'sconvenience在某人便利时(2)convenientadj.便利的；便利的；旁边的；简洁到达的Itbeconvenientforsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事是便利的sth.beconvenientforsb.对某人来说……是便利的aconveniencestore便利店conveniencefoods便利食品arestaurantconvenientfor/toshopsandtheatres靠近商店和剧院的餐馆[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2024·江苏卷)Toenjoytheconvenience_(convenient)ofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.②Thehotelisconveniently(convenient)locatedclosetothebeach,thusmakingitpopularwithtourists.③Woulditbeconvenientforyouto_pick(pick)meupatfouro'clockandtakemetotheairport?④Ifit'sconvenientforyou,let'smeetat8：30outsidetheschoolgate.[实力提升]——一句多译假如你感爱好，请你在便利的时候尽快报名吧。①Ifyouareinterested,pleasesignupearlierat_your_convenience.(convenience)②Ifyouareinterested,pleasesignupearlier_when_it_is_convenient_for_you.(convenient)[名师点津]convenient作表语时，不行用人作主语，而要用物或形式主语作主语。“当你便利的时候”应译成“whenitisconvenientforyou”而不能译成“whenyouareconvenient”。“(某个房子等)离某处近”，可用“...beconvenientfor/tosth.”如Thehouseisconvenientfor/toseveralschools.5．providevt.供应；规定；打算；供应eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(1providesb.withsth.,providesth.forsb.))向某人供应某物(2)providefor赡养，养活provideagainst预防，防备(3)provided(that)...＝providing(that)...倘如；在……状况/条件下provideuswithachancetoknowmoreaboutChinesetraditionalculture为我们供应一个更多了解中国传统文化的机会providelargequantitiesofclothesandfoodfortheearthquakeareas为地震灾区供应大量的衣服和食品provideagainstarainingday有备无患[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thepolicewillrewardwhoeverprovides/has_provided(provide)usefulinformationtocatchtherobber.②Youcanusetheroomproviding/provided(provide)thatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.[实力提升]——完成句子/句式升级①我认为，兼职工作可以给高校生供应一个珍贵的机会去更多地了解外面的世界。Inmyview,part­timejobsprovide_college_students_with_a_valuable_opportunitytoknowmoreabouttheoutsideworld.②毕业以后，他们可以更好地适应社会。Theycanbetter_adapt_themselves_to_societyaftergraduation.③用目的状语从句连接①②句。In_my_view,_part­time_jobs_provide_college_students_with_a_valuable_opportunity_to_know_more_about_the_outside_world_so_that_they_can_better_adapt_themselves_to_society_after_graduation.6．requirevt.须要；要求(1)requiresb.todosth.要求某人做某事requirethatsb.(should)dosth.要求某人做某事(2)requirementn．要求，须要meet/satisfyone'srequirements满意某人的要求requireeveryonetofollowtherules要求每个人都遵守规则berequiredtofillintheapplicationform要求填张申请表becompetenttomeetyourrequirements有实力满意你们的要求[名师点津]require作“须要”时，其后跟v.­ing的主动形式表示被动的含义或不定式的被动式，即：requiredoing/tobedone。类似用法的词还有need,want,deserve等。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2024·北京卷)InmyfirstP．E.class,theteacherrequiredusto_run(run)lapsandthenhitasoftball.②(2024·浙江卷)Shewasskepticalthatthelanguagerequirement(require)wouldencourageintegration.③Alltheproblemsputforwardatthemeetingrequiresolving/to_be_solved(solve)inonemonth.[实力提升]——一句多译校长要求全部的学生在学校穿校服。①Theheadmasterrequired_all_the_students_to_wearschooluniformsatschool.(简洁句)②Theheadmasterrequired_that_all_the_students_(should)_wearschooluniformsatschool.(复合句)IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.许久以来人们都知道黄石公园是火山喷发造成的——这就是为什么公园内那么多热泉并且到处冒蒸汽的缘由。[句型公式]Ithadbeenknown...that是Itis/hasbeenknownthat...的时态变形结构，意为“人们知道……”，it为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。(1)Itbeknownthat相当于sb./sth.beknowntodo,表示“众所周知……”。(2)这类句型也可以用于其他一些动词，如：Itisreportedthat...据报道……Itissuggestedthat...有人建议……Itisthoughtthat...人们认为……Itissaidthat...据说……[金句推送]Itisknownthatcarbondioxideisheatingtheearthtwiceasquicklyaspreviouslyfeared.众所周知，二氧化碳正以从前人们所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Bodylanguageissaidto_account(account)for55percentofafirstimpression.②Theprofessorissaidto_have_succeeded(succeed)incarryingoutthisexperimentsofar.③Thefluisknownto_be_caused(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.[实力提升]——一句多译大家都知道几天前她写了一篇关于野生动物爱护的报告。①It_is_known_thatshewroteareportaboutwildlifeprotectiontheotherday.②Sheis_known_to_have_written_a_reportaboutwildlifeprotectiontheotherday.夯基固本·学问落实Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空1．Let'sassumeitto_be(be)true.2．Janekeptmoving,butthefarthershewalked,themore_confused(confuse)shebecame.3．Allkindsofgoodsare_transported_(transport)toalotofcountrieseveryday.4．Withmanywildanimalsgradually(gradual)dyingout,thepresentsituationdeservesattention.5．Itisconsiderateofyoutotakemyapplicationintoaccountatyourearlyconvenience(convenient)．Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词1．Thereisnodoubtthatitisverymeaningfultoworkwithourownhandsratherthandependonothers.2．Itiswisetoprovideagainstthefuture.3．Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperience.4．—Iwonderwhyhehasbeenactingsostrangelythesedays.—Recentpressureatworkmayaccountforhisbehaviour.5._ItisobviousthatiPadisofgreathelptoourstudy，especiallytoourEnglishlearning.强技提能·学问应用Ⅰ.完形填空(2024·山东滨州二模)Askpeopletonametheworld'stallestpeakandanybodywithsoundgeneralknowledgewillnameMountQomolangma.ButquizthemonitsexactIn1975，Chinesesurveyors2thatMountQomolangmawas8848.13metershigh.As3improved，satellites，photoelectricity(光电学)，radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere4togetmoreexactfigures.Ofcourse，someonestillhadtocarry5towhatistheworld'srooftop.In2005，aChineseteamscaledMountQomolangmaandfoundthatitwasnotashighasthat，asthey6theheighttobe8844.43meters.ScalingMountQomolangmaisno7task.Theaverageairtemperaturethereis­­29degreesCelsius，evenfourdegrees8thaninAntarctica.Thesnowthereis4—5metersthickandhurricane­like9blowallthetime.Teammembersweretrainingto10theextremeconditions.Inanutshell，measuringtheMountQomolangma'sheightisatallorder，11hugeamountsofmoneyandhumanresources.Butitisworththe12.MountQomolangmaistheperfect13forobservingcrustal(地壳的)movements.Andchangestothepeak'sheightcould14whetherthetwoplatesareheadingtowardorawayfromeachother.Besides,theconditionofsnowandothernaturalmaterialsatthetopisanindicatorofupcomingclimatechangeontheTibet­QinghaiPlateau.That's15measuringtheMountQomolangma'sheightissosignificant.Puttogooduse，itcanbenefitmankind.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白测量珠穆朗玛峰高度的艰难及其重要性。1．A.location B．appearanceC．area D．heightD[考查名词词义辨析。依据下文的1975年以及2005年对珠穆朗玛峰高度的测量可知，此处指的是其准确的高度(height)。]2．A.determined B．assumedC．estimated D．admittedA[考查动词词义辨析。依据下文提到的应用先进的科技去进行进一步的测量可知，此空指的是中国的测量员确定(determined)珠穆朗玛峰的高度是8848.13米。]3．A.condition B．technologyC．society D．economyB[考查名词词义辨析。依据下文的“satellites，photoelectricity，radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere...togetmoreexactfigures.”可知，卫星、光电、雷达和重力测量技术都是科技(technology)。]4．A.employed B．expectedC．approached D．inspiredA[考查动词词义辨析。依据下文的“togetmoreexactfigures”可知，这些高科技被运用(employed)到测量珠穆朗玛峰精确的高度中。]5．A.weapons B．vehiclesC．instruments D．packagesC[考查名词词义辨析。依据常识可知，测量是须要设备仪器的，此处指的是须要携带一些设备(instrument)登山。]6．A.changed B．calculatedC．extended D．expandedB[考查动词词义辨析。依据上文的“In2005，aChineseteamscaledMountQomolangmaandfoundthatitwasnotashighasthat”以及下文的“theheighttobe8844.43meters”可知，此处指的是中国登山队在2005年计算(calculated)的珠穆朗玛峰的高度是8844.43米。]7．A.glorious B．easyC．admirable D．toughB[考查形容词词义辨析。依据下文的“Theaverageairtemperaturethereis­­29degreesCelsius，evenfourdegrees________thaninAntarctica.”可知，攀登珠穆朗玛峰并不是一件简洁的(easy)事。]8．A.colder B．hotterC．higher D．lowerD[考查形容词词义辨析。依据“­­29degreesCelsius”可知，此处表示珠穆朗玛峰的温度比南极洲还要低(lower)4摄氏度。]9．A.snows B．rainsC．winds D．snowflakesC[考查名词词义辨析。依据下文的“blow”可知，此处表示风(wind)。]10．A.copewith B．fightforC．takeon D．carryoutA[考查动词短语辨析。依据“theextremeconditions”可知，此处表示登山队员们训练的目的是应对(copewith)珠穆朗玛峰的极端条件。]11．A.wasting B．spendingC．overcoming D．involvingD[考查非谓语动词。依据“hugeamountsofmoneyandhumanresources”可知，测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度须要(involve)大量的人力和资金。]12．A.effort B．lossC．harvest D．achievementA[考查名词词义辨析。依据文章最终的“Puttogooduse，itcanbenefitmankind”可知，假如运用得当，它可以造福人类。由此推想，这项任务值得花费劲气。]13．A.channel B．windowC．solution D．entranceB[考查名词词义辨析。依据下文的“observingcrustalmovements”可知，珠穆朗玛峰是观测地壳运动的最佳窗口(window)。]14．A.measure B．foreseeC．indicate D．exposeC[考查动词词义辨析。珠穆朗玛峰高度的变更能表明(indicate)两个板块是相向运动，还是朝着反方向运动。]15．A.where B．howC．why D．whetherC[考查连接词。本句在讲解并描述测量珠穆朗玛峰高度的重要性。所以此处为why引导的表语从句。]Ⅱ.语法填空(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible1.________(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand2.________work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，3.________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover4.________top.Whenallthosehadbeendone，theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines5.________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen6.________(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.However，therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths，morethan25,000peoplewereusing7.________everyday.Later，engineers8.________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道)，whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe9.________(introduce)ofelectric­poweredenginesandlifts.TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost10.________(success)ofthesenewlines，andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite­paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages，andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国伦敦地铁的发展。1．crowds[考查名词复数。crowd是可数名词，且前面没有限定词，故应用复数形式。]2．from[考查介词。traveltoandfromwork上下班。]3．laying[考查非谓语动词。included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，依据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式。]4．the[考查冠词。此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。]5．wereused[考查时态和被动语态。steamengines与use是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。]6．fairly[考查词性转换。所填词修饰形容词unpleasant，故用fair的副词形式fairly。]7．it[考查代词。use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处很明显缺少代词。分析句意可知，此处用it指代上文提到的therailway。]8．managed[考查时态。全文讲解并描述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。]9．introduction[考查词性转换。空格前是the，其后接名词。introduce的名词形式是introduction。]10．successful[考查词性转换。“oneofthe＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。]话题写作Step1.写作要点(依据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子)①得知你自从毕业后始终幻想到中国游玩，并已确定到中国来，我很兴奋。I'mdelightedtolearnthatyouhave_dreamt_about_visiting_China_ever_since_graduationandthatyouhave_made_up_your_mind_tocometoChina.②对你的到来，我感到特别兴奋，并迫不及待地给你以下建议。I'mexcitedaboutyourcoming,soIcan_hardly_wait_to_giveyousomerecommendations.③相比泰山之旅，我更喜爱长江之行。IpreferthetouralongtheYangtzeRivertothetriptoMount④通过长江之行，你会更好地了解中国的历史及其人民。(一般将来时)ThroughthetriptotheYangtzeRiver,youwill_have_a_good_knowledge_ofthehistoryofChinaanditspeople.⑤长江沿岸不仅风景特别迷人，而且空气呼吸起来很簇新。(be＋adj.＋todo)The_views_along_the_riverarenotonlyveryattractivebutalsotheairis_fresh_to_breathe.⑥那就是为什么我坚持认为长江之行是更好的选择。That'swhyIinsist_thatthetripalongtheYangtzeRiverisabetterchoice.Step2.表达升级(变更所给句子的结构以使表达升级)①利用分词作状语升级句②Excited_about_your_coming,_I_can_hardly_wait_to_giveyousomerecommendations.②利用强调句型升级句④It_is_through_the_trip_to_the_Yangtze_River_thatyouwillhaveagoodknowledgeofthehistoryofChinaanditspeople.Step3.连接成文(利用恰当的过渡连接词语连句成篇)I'm_delighted_to_learn_that_you_have_dreamt_about_visiting_China_ever_since_graduation_and_that_you_have_made_up_your_mind_to_come_to_China.Excited_about_your_coming，I_can_hardly_wait_to_give_you_some_recommendations.OfthetwotripstotheYangtzeRiverandMountTai,botharehighlyrecommended.Personally,IpreferthetouralongtheYangtzeRivertothetriptoMountTai.ItisthroughthetriptotheYangtzeRiverthatyouwillhaveagoodknowledgeofthehistoryofChinaanditspeople.Inaddition，theviewsalongtheriverarenotonlyveryattractivebutalsotheairisfreshtobreathe.That'swhyIinsistthetripalongtheYangtzeRiverwillbeabetterchoice.读后续写阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Twomen，bothseriouslyill，occupiedthesamehospitalroom.Onemanw