专题6.‬定语从句（原卷版）-1

定语从句一．知识解析在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose等和关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。关系词作用先行词例句that,who,whom主语、宾语、表语Doyouknowthegirlwho/thathasgotan“A”intheexam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗?that,which主语、宾语、表语Shegotaputerwhich/thatherparentsboughtforher.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母给她买的。whose定语Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。Theroomwhosewindowisopenismine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。when状语IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.我仍然记得你动身去北京的那一天。where状语Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.这就是我妈妈工作的那个学校。why状语Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?1.关系代词的用法一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如:Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterapatient.

先行词主语谓语宾语

分析:who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。(1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,定语从句只能用that引导,不能用which引导:①当先行词是等不定代词时。如:Isthereanything(that)youdon’tunderstand?你有什么不懂的地方吗?Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。②当先行词前面有等修饰时。如:ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。③当。如:ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过的最好的书。④当先行词前面有等修饰时。如:IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。⑤当主句是以疑问词开头的特殊疑问结构时。如:Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?哪个是你最喜欢的旅店?(2)关系代词的省略一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时,不能省略。如:I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如:Whoistheboythatistalkingwithourteacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁?二．知识拓展关系副词的用法(1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:IstillremembertheyearyougraduatedfromNo.8MiddleSchool.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。(2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词。如:Wedon’tknowthereasonhewaslateforschool.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到了。(3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如:ThatistheschoolIstudiedthreeyearsago.那是我三年前就读的学校。题组训练一、选择适当的词填空1.Theboy(who;whom;which)isplayingpingpongismyclassmate.

2.Theonlyemail(who;that;which)Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.

3.Ihatepeople(that;which;whom)talkmuchbutdolittle.

4.Thehotel(which;that;where)westayedlastsummerisagoodone.

5.CanyouhelpmefindsomeinformationaboutEinstein(which;who;whom)Icanuseformyreport?

6.Thisisthemostamazingphoto(which;that;who)Ihaveeverseen.

随堂练习全国题组一、填空题1.Itisthesamewithourlives.Thosechoosetoliveinpeacemusthelptheirneighborstoliveinpeace.

2.“AnyonehasheardaboutSeattlestrainmaythinkthisiskindoffun,”McKaulaysaid.

3.Theatersmayhaveabrighterfutureiftheycanprovideamovieexperiencepeoplecannotgetathome.

4.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.Everythingesintosightissonewtome.

5.(—Whydon’tyoulikefishing?—Fishingisahobbyneedsmuchpatience,butI’mnotpatientatall.

6.RunningManisaveryrelaxingTVprogramishotamongtheyoungpeople.

二、单项选择1.Notallchildrenwatchthisvideowillbeeascientist,butsomemaybeeinterestedinscience.

A.whom B.which C.who D.whose2.Anyonewhoisaserverorhasbeenoneknowsthatcustomersalwaysefirst.

A.whom B.what C.who D.which3.—Class,youshouldbethankfultothosepeoplehelpedandsupportedyou.

—Wewill,MissChen.A.which B.whom C.who D.whose4.(2017河南,33)Ihatethedogsliveinthenexthouse.Theymakeloudnoisesallnight.

A.who B.that C.what D.whom5.—Doyouliketheweeklytalkshow,TheReader,onCCTV?—Sure.It’sagreatTVprogrammebringsthehabitofreadingbackintothepublic.

A.who B.that C.what6.Sheoftenparkshercarnearthehouseshecaneasilygetto.

A.where B.who C.which D.what7.EveryonehasbeentoShanghaisaysitisamoderncity.

A.why B.whose C.who D.which8.Thephototakenbymybrotherlastweekisverynice.

A.whichwere B.thatis C.thatwere D.whichwas二1.—Doyouknowthemanspokeatthemeetingjustnow?

—No,Idon’tknow.A.what B.who C.which D.whose2.PeppaPig(《小猪佩奇》)isaBritishcartoonhasbeenpopularinChinaandismuchlovedbylittlechildrenandtheirparents.

A.who B.which C./3.Youaretalentedyoungadultsarefullofhopeforthefuture.

A.which B.when C.who D.where4.Mygrandparentslikestorieshavehappyendings.

A.they B.who C.which D./5.RoaldDahlwasagreatchildren’swriter.Hisdarkpasthelpedhimpaintapicturewasdifferenttomostotherwriters.

A.that B.who C./ D.whom6.Sweetwormwood(青蒿)isamonplantinChina.TuYouyouisthewomanusedtheplant’sspecialpowertosavemillionsoflives.

A.which B.who C.whose D./7.EveryonehasbeentoShanghaisaysitisamoderncity.

A.why B.whose C.who D.which三1.—Doyouknowtheboyoverthere?—Theoneisholdingaball?Oh,that’smyneighborPhil.

A.what B.which C.who D.不填2.Chinaisgettingbetteratmakinghitechproductscanbeboughtinallpartsoftheworld.

A.who B.which C.what3.—Isthisthenewdictionaryyougotyesterday?

—Yes.Nowit’sveryconvenientformetolookupwords.A.that B.why C.what4.Anyonewhoisaserverorhasbeenoneknowsthatcustomersalwaysefirst.

A.whom B.whatC.who D.which5.—Doyouliketheweeklytalkshow,TheReader,onCCTV?—Sure.It’sagreatTVprogrammebringsthehabitof