Unit1Grammar教案牛津译林版英语八年级下册

教学内容8BUnit1Grammar教学目标1.掌握现在完成时的定义及基本构成2.掌握规则动词的变化规则及不规则动词变化表3.重点词汇、短语重点1.掌握现在完成时的定义及基本构成2.掌握规则动词的变化规则及不规则动词变化表难点不规则动词变化表教学准备知识点、巩固练习、课堂练习、课后作业教学过程现在完成时考点1现在完成时的构成1）定义现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响,或者表示从过去某时间开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。eg:Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.我已经看过这部电影了。(我已经知道这部电影的内容了)。Wehavelivedheresincelastyear.自从去年以来我们就住在这儿。(表示从去年一直延续到现在的动作).2）构成肯定句"助动词have/has+过去分词”构成。否定句have/has+not+过去分词一般疑问句have/has+主语+过去分词+.....肯定回答是“Yes,主语+have/has.”否定回答是"No,主语+haven't/hasn't.”eg:HehaslivedinNanjingsince2010.自从2010年以来他就住在南京。Ihaven'treadthebookyet.我还没读过这本书。Haveyoufinishedtheworkyet?你已经做完这项工作了吗?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.是的,我已经做完了。/不,我还没有做完。【测一测】yoursonacamera?No.Heonethissummervacation.A.Has;bought;willbuyB.Did;buy;boughtC.Does;buy;boughtD.Do;buy;willbuy动词的过去分词(1)规则动词的过去分词的变化规则构词法构词法示例a.—般直接在词尾加edwork—workedopen—openedb.以不发音的字母e结尾的词直接加dlive—livedskate—skatedc.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i，再加edstudy—studiedhurry—hurriedd.以“元音字母+y"结尾的词，直接加edplay—playedstay一stayede.以“元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加edstop—stoppedplan—plannedprefer—preferred(2)不规则动词的过去分词需牢记课本上的不规则动词表。考点2现在完成时的用法(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.多用瞬间动词。eg:Hehaslosthisbook.他已经丢了他的书。(过去丢的,现在还没找到。)【测一测】MissBrown,wecleaningourclassroom.Canwegohomenow?A.finishB.finishingC.arefinishedD.havefinished(2)表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和for,since连用。表示持续的动作或状态,多用延续性动词。eg:HehastaughtEnglishfor20years.他已经教了20年英语了。Wehaveknowneachothersincetenyearsago.我们十年前就互相认识了。【测一测】Themovieforabout5minutes,solet'sseethenextone.A.hasbeenonB.hasstartedC.startedD.began重点词汇、短语1yetadv.还,仍eg:Hehasn'teyet.Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtohim?他还没有来。你认为他发生了什么事?yet为现在完成时的标志,用于否定句和疑问句中对应词already意为已经"用于肯定句中:eg:Mymotherhasalreadydonethehousework.我妈妈已经做完了家务活。Thetrainhasn'tarrivedyet.火车还没有到达。【测一测】1WouldyouliketogoandseeAvatarwithmetonight?Thankyouforyourinviting,butIitalready.A.seeB.willseeC.haveseenD.amseeing2Look,thelightisstilloninHelen'soffice.Maybesheherworkyet.A.doesn'tfinishB.won'tfinishC.hasn'tfinishedD.didn'tfinish3Hollyhasfedthedog,butshehasn'twateredtheplants.A.still;alreadyB.already;yetC.yet;stillD.yet;already2recentlyadv.近来,最近为现在完成时的标志。eg:Peterhasmadeprogressinmathrecently.彼得最近在数学方面取得了进步。HaveyouseenMrSmithrecently?你最近看到史密斯先生丁吗?【测一测】Wehaven'tseeneachother(最近).【拓展】recent形容词,意为“最近的”.eg:Therehavebeenmanychangesinrecentyears.近几年发生了许多变化。(3)对Hehaslivedheresincetenyearsago./Hehaslivedherefortenyears.对这两个句子中的画线部分提问应用howlong.即Howlonghashelivedhere?他在这里生活多久了?【测一测】haveyoubeeninthesportsclub?SincethefirstmonthIcametotheschool.A.HowoldB.HowlongC.HowmuchD.Howsoon随堂练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空1.I(study)inAmericaforoverthreeyears.2.Theyoungman(live)alonesincehegraduatedfromcollege.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatI(see)sofar.4.Hello.CanIspeaktoMissBrown?Sorry,she(fly)toCanadaalready.She'llbebackinaweek.5.Inthepasttwoweeks,theartist(draw)manypicturesabouthishometown.6.I(know)Jimmyforovertwodaysandnowwearegoodfriends.7.Whyarethewindowssodirty?Becausewe(notclean)themforalongtime.8.Myhometownwaspoorinthepast.Butit(change)alotoverthepasttwentyyears.二、单项选择.9.Dave,wewillleavein10minutes.Areyouready?No,I__ourguidebookandtowelsyet.A.don'tpackB.didn'tpackC.havepackedD.haven'tpacked10.Thesingersmanyconcertsinthecountrysidesince2001.A.holdB.heldC.haveheld11.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?.Justhalfofit.Howaboutyou?A.NotatallB.NotlikelyC.NotabitD.Notyet12.Annisanurseinourhospital.Sheherefortenyears.A.worksB.hasworkedC.workedD.wasworking13.Ourmathteacherinourschoolfor20yearsandheherewhenhewas25yearsold.A.taught;esB.taught;cameC.hastaught;cameD.hastaught;es14.Thecleanersthestreetanditisquitecleannow.A.aresweepingB.willsweepC.havesweptD.sweeps15.YouspeakEnglishsowell.haveyoulearnedEnglish?For5years.A.HowmanyB.HowlongC.HowoftenD.Howfar三、句型转换16.Lilyhasalreadycleanedherroom.(改为否定句)Lilycleanedherroom.17.HehaseverbeentotheUSA.(改为一般疑问句)everbeentotheUSA?18.MrWhilehaslivedherefortenyears.(对画线部分提问)hasMrWhitelivedhere?单元语法精讲一,1.havestudied2.haslived3.haveseen4.hasflown5.hasdrawn6.haveknown7.haven'tcleaned8.haschangedニ,9.D点拨:考查现在完成时的用法。根据No可知还没有准备好,排除C;根据句意“一一戴夫,我们将在十分钟后出发。你准备好了吗?一没有,我还.....·我们的旅游指南和毛巾。”可知到现在还没准备好,对现在有影响,用现在完成时态。故选D.10.C点拨:语法判定法。当句子的时间状语为“since+过去的时间点”时,句子用用现在完成时,所以选C.11.D点拨:本题用交际法。考查交际用语。根据答语中“只完成了一半”可知,还没有完成家庭作业,故选D