专题04-2说明文议论文阅读理解精练20篇

专题04阅读理解说明文议论文精练20篇2022年秋九年级上学期英语开学考试汇编Passage1（2021·湖南·长沙市九年级上学期开学考试）Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealthlikeeatinghealthyfood,takingexerciseandgettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthourseverynight.Thegeneralsleepingruleisthattheyoungeryouare,thelongersleepyouneed.Butregardlessofage,somepeopleneedtosleepmorewhileforsomeafewhoursisenough.Theproblemwithsleepisthatmorepeopleintheworldarenotsleepingenough.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,overhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleepdeprived.Havinglesssleepnotonlymakespeoplefeeltiredbutalsocausesaccidents.IntheUnitedStatesalone,sleepydriverscauseatleast100,000trafficaccidentsayear.Alsosleepproblemscancausemedicalproblemssuchashighbloodpressure.Whyaresomanypeoplesleepdeprived?Partofthereasonsmaybecultural.IntheAmericanculture,peopleputahighervalueonworkthanonsleep.Infact,peoplewhosleepalotareusuallyseenas“lazy”.Also,youcansometimehearsomepeoplesayproudlythattheydon’thavemuchtimetosleep,andtheyonlysleepfourorfivehoursanight.Itseemsthatthelessyousleep,themoreworkyou’lldo.Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?PerhapstheymaylistentotheadviceofDr.JamesMaas,anexpertinsleep.Hesays,“Sleepislikeacreditcard.Whenyousleepless,youareonlyborrowingtime.Youalwayshavetopayitback.Themorehoursyoudon’tsleep,themorehoursyoushouldsleepto‘payback’thehoursonyour‘sleepcreditcard’.”Forthosewhovalueworkmorethansleep,theyshouldlistentowhatafamouspersononcesaid,“Don’tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolishideawhichisheldbypeoplewhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore.”1．Accordingtothewriter,theeasiestandcheapestwaytoimprovehealthisto________.A．eathealthyfoodeverydayB．takeexerciseasmuchaspossibleC．sleepeighthoursormorethaneighthourseverynight2．Whatdoes“sleepdeprived”meaninParagraph2?A．Havingagoodsleep. B．Excitedaboutsleep. C．Havinglesssleep.3．AccordingtoDr.JamesMass,whatissleeplike?A．Anhour. B．Areport. C．Acreditcard.4．WhatdothewordsofthefamouspersonmeaninParagraph5?A．Sleepingduringthenightishelpful. B．Peoplehavenoimagination. C．Peoplealwaysdolesswork.5．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．TheValueofSleep B．TheValueofStudy C．TheWaysofEatingLess【答案】1．C2．C3．C4．A5．A【解析】文章大意：睡眠是最简单也是最便宜的改善健康的方法，同时还介绍了睡眠少的危害以及睡眠对工作的影响。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthourseverynight.Thegeneralsleepingruleisthattheyoungeryouare,thelongersleepyouneed.”可知改善健康最简单也是最便宜的方法就是每晚睡八个小时。故选C。2．词义猜测题。结合语境和上下文“Theproblemwithsleepisthatmorepeopleintheworldarenotsleepingenough.”以及“Havinglesssleep…”可知根据世界卫生组织的数据，世界上有一半以上的人睡眠不足，所以这里“sleepdeprived”可理解为睡眠不足。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Sleepislikeacreditcard.”可知他认为睡眠就像一张信用卡。故选C。4．判断推理题。根据最后一段中“Don’tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolishideawhichisheldbypeoplewhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore.”可知认为晚上睡觉会使工作做得少的想法是荒谬的，其实反而能做得更多，由此推断出夜间睡觉是有所助益的。故选A。5．最佳标题题。结合全文内容，尤其是第一段中“Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthourseverynight.”和第四段第一句“Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?”可知睡眠是最简单也是最便宜的改善健康的方法，文章主要介绍了睡眠对健康和工作的重要性，也就是睡眠的价值。故选A。Passage2（2021·浙江·台州市九年级上学期开学考试）“Allrightthen—justonemorepiece...”Wordseverygirlhassaidwhentheyarefacedwiththedeliciouscheesecake.Ofcourse,manyofusknowwemayeatthewholethingintheend.Itisn’tjustgirls.Mostofusfindithardtosay‘no’tosomethingattractive.However,scientistsnowsaythatwillpower(意志力)isveryimportantforsuccessandahappylife.Scientistsindifferentcountrieshavebeenstudyingtheinfluenceofwillpoweronpeople’slivesforalongtime.Inoneexperiment(实验),scientiststoldyoungchildrenthattheycouldeitherhavecandynow,ortwocandiesin15minutes.Waitingofcourseneededmorewillpower.Scientiststhencontinuedstudyingthechildrenastheygrewup.Theywantedtoseeifsomechildrenalwayshadstrongerwillpower.Theyalsowantedtoseehowhavingstrongerwillpowerinfluencedtheirlives.Yearslater,scientistsfoundthatthechildrenwhohadwaitedfortwocandieswereallhealthier,happierandricheradults.Oppositely（可能）tobeinlowpaidjobs,tobeoverweight,tohavesocialproblems.Butthereishope,RoyFBaumeister,anAmericansocialpsychology(心理学)experttoldusthatwecantrainourwillpowerjustlikewetrainourmuscles(肌肉).

Evenalittlepracticecanstrengthenouroverallselfcontrolifwedoitregularly.Youcouldstartbymakingyourselfstandupstraight,speakinginpletesentences,orusingaputermousewiththeotherhand.Scientistshavefoundthatpeoplewhomanagetochange

littlehabitsoftenperformmuchbetterinlaboratorywillpowertests.Likemuscles,willpowercan“gettired”.Don’ttrytodotoomanythingsatthesametime,orwhenyoudon’thaveenoughenergy,forexample,whenyouareill.Ifyoualreadyfeeltired,youcantrytorecharge(恢复)yourwillpowerwithagoodnight’ssleepandbyeatingwell.6．Theexampleofagirleatingcheesecakeisusedto_________.A．provethatgirlsusuallyhaveweakwillpowerB．introducethetopicofwillpowertothereadersC．describegirls’specialloveforcheesecakeD．showtherelationshipsbetweenwillpowerandsuccess7．Whatdidthescientistsconclude（得出结论）fromtheexperiment?_________A．Willpowerhasnoinfluenceonpeople’slivesatall.B．Willpoweristhemostimportanttosuccessandahappylife.C．Thechildrenwhochoseonlyonecandywouldbepooralltheirlives.D．Thechildrenwhohavestrongerwillpoweraremoresuccessfulintheirlives.8．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutthetrainingofwillpower?_________A．Setagoaleveryday.B．Haveagoodrestandeatwell.C．Practiceinaproperway.D．Avoidusingwillpowertoomuch.9．Thepassagemainlytellsus

_________.A．willpowerandmusclesaresimilarandtheycanbetrainedB．willpowerinfluencespeople’slivesanditissimilartomusclesC．willpowerisveryimportanttosuccessanditcanbedevelopedD．willpowerisconnectedwithsuccessandtheyinfluenceeachother【答案】6．B7．D8．A9．C【解析】本文主要介绍了意志力对我们生活的影响以及如何培养意志力。6．推理判断题。根据第二段“However,scientistsnowsaythatwillpower(意志力)isveryimportantforsuccessandahappylife.”科学家们现在认为，意志力对于成功和幸福的生活是非常重要的，据此推断本文讲了女孩的例子是为了引出本文的主题。故选B。7．细节理解题。根据第三段“Yearslater,scientistsfoundthatthechildrenwhohadwaitedfortwocandieswereallhealthier,happierandricheradults.”多年后，科学家们发现，那些等了两颗糖的孩子都是更健康、更快乐、更富有的成年人。可知，实验表明意志力强的孩子在生活中更成功。故选D。8．细节判断题。根据“Ifyoualreadyfeeltired,youcantrytorecharge(恢复)yourwillpowerwithagoodnight’ssleepandbyeatingwell.”可知，文中讲到了好好休息，好好吃饭；根据“Evenalittlepracticecanstrengthenouroverallselfcontrolifwedoitregularly.”可知，意志力需要有规律地得到锻炼，也就是用正确的方式锻炼，C项在文中也提到了；根据“Likemuscles,willpowercan“gettired””可知，意志力也会疲劳，所以不能过度使用，D项在文中也提到了；综合判断，文中没有提到“每天设定一个目标”。故选A。9．主旨大意题。根据第二段“However,scientistsnowsaythatwillpower(意志力)isveryimportantforsuccessandahappylife.”和第四段“anAmericansocialpsychology（心理学）experttoldusthatwecantrainourwillpowerjustlikewetrainourmuscles(肌肉)”可知，本文主要告诉我们意志力对成功非常重要，它是可以培养的。选C。Passage3（2021·福建·三明一中九年级上学期开学考试）Weusuallythinkthatplantsalwaysstayquietandneverspeak.Grassdoesn’tcrywhenyoucutit;flowersdon’tshoutwhenpeoplepickthem.Butinfactplantstalktoeachotherallthetime.Theirlanguageisoneofchemicals.Overtheyears,scientistshavefoundthatdifferenttypesofplants,fromtreestotomatoes（复合物）intotheairtohelpneighboringplants.ScientistsfromKyotoUniversityinJapanlookedattomatoplantsthatwasbitten（被咬）byinsects.Tostartout,theygrewplantsintwobagsandjoinedthebagswithatube（管子）.Oneplantwasbittenbyinsects.Theotherwasclean.Theyfoundthatwheninsectsbiteplantleaves,theplantsdon’tsitquietly.Theysendachemicalcalled“hexvic”intotheair.Humanscan’tnoticeit,butthesechemicalscarryasmellthatneighboringplantscannotice.Thiswaythesamescientistsputinsectsonthecleanplants.Theplantswereabletokillnearly50%oftheinsects,muchmorethantheirsickneighbors.Itwassurprisingthattheplantsthathadnotbeenbittendidn’tsendthechemicaluntiltheyreceivedthemessagefromtheirinfested（受侵的）neighbor,thescientistssaid.Thesefindingscouldbeusedtohelpfarmerswiththecontroloftheinsectswhichharmtheirplants.10．Whenbittenbyinsects,thetomatoplant________.A．stayedquietwithoutdoinganything B．diedrightawayafterthatC．sentoutachemicaltohelpothers D．wouldn’tbehurtagain11．Theunderlinedword“insects”means________inChinese.A．昆虫 B．蜜蜂 C．农药 D．家禽12．Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?A．Tomatoplantsareeasilybittenbyinsects.B．The“hexvic”canprotectplantsthemselves.C．Hexviccanhelpplantskillalltheinsectsnearthem.D．Plantswon’tgiveoffchemicalsuntiltheyarehurt.13．Wecanpossiblyfindthepassageina________.A．moviemagazine B．musicnewspaper C．sciencebook D．travelad14．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．GrowingTomatoes. B．TalkingPlants. C．HarmfulChemicals. D．ScientificResearches.【答案】10．C11．A12．B13．C14．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍植物之间无时无刻不在进行交流，它们的语言是一种化学物质。10．细节理解题。根据“Theyfoundthatwheninsectsbiteplantleaves,theplantsdon’tsitquietly.Theysendachemicalcalled‘hexvic’intotheair.Humanscan’tnoticeit,butthesechemicalscarryasmellthatneighboringplantscannotice.”可知，当昆虫叮咬植物叶子时，植物不会安静地坐着，它们将一种叫做“hexvic”的化学物质释放到空气中，人类察觉不到，但这些化学物质携带着一种邻近的植物能察觉到的气味。故选C。11．词义猜测题。根据“ScientistsfromKyotoUniversityinJapanlookedattomatoplantsthatwasbittenbyinsects.”可知，科学家们研究了被昆虫咬伤的番茄植株，此处insects的意思是“昆虫”，故选A。12．推理判断题。根据“butthesechemicalscarryasmellthatneighboringplantscannotice.Thiswaythesamescientistsputinsectsonthecleanplants.Theplantswereabletokillnearly50%oftheinsects,muchmorethantheirsickneighbor.”可知，但是这些化学物质携带着一种邻近的植物能注意到的气味，通过这种方法科学家们把昆虫放在干净的植物上，这些植物能够杀死近50%的昆虫，远远超过它们生病的邻居。所以“hexvic”可以保护植物本身，故选B。13．推理判断题。本文是一篇科普文，向我们介绍植物之间无时无刻不在进行交流，它们的语言是一种化学物质。所以可能在科学书中看到，故选C。14．最佳标题题。本文向我们介绍植物之间无时无刻不在进行交流，它们的语言是一种化学物质。故选B。Passage4（2020·浙江·瑞安市九年级上学期开学考试）December27,2019wasanexcitingdayforChinesepeople.China’sbiggestandmostpowerfulrocket,theLongMarch5,wassuccessfullylaunchedinHainanonthatday.The57metertallrocketisthetallestandstrongestrocketinChina.SincetheLongMarch5ismuchbiggerthanothersintheLongMarchrockets,ithasbeennicknamed“Chubby5”,accordingtoChinaDaily.Therocketisabletocarrythingsweighingupto25,000kilogramstheweightof16midsizecars,ChinaDailynoted.Thispayloadisabout2.5timesgreaterthananyotherChineserocket.TheLongMarch5isthethirdmostpowerfulrocketintheworld.OurChinesescientistsarereallyproudofit.DuringtheDecemberlaunch,theLongMarch5successfullysenttheShijian20thsatellite,China’slargestandheaviesthomemadesatellite,intospace.Inadditiontosendingthesatelliteintospace,thelaunchalsotestedseveralprojectsthatwereusedtoimprovetherocket’sbasicskills.ItalsotestedthekeyprojectthatwillbeusedtotaketheChange5probetothemoon,accordingtotheChinaNationalSpaceCenter.Inthefuture,theLongMarch5willbeusedforChina’sfifthlunarexpedition,aswellastoplacepartsofChina’sspacestationintospace.“In2021,wewillusetheLongMarch5tolaunchtheChange’s5probetothemoonandalsosendaspecialprobetoMars,”saidWangXiaojun,theprojectmanageroftheLongMarch5.15．WhatdoweknowabouttheLongMarch5?A．Itwaslaunchedatthestartof2019. B．ItwaslaunchedinXichang.C．Itisthetallestrocketintheworld. D．ItisthebiggestLongMarchrocket.16．WhatisthepayloadoftheLongMarch5?A．It’smorethan2,500kilograms. B．It’sthreetimesgreaterthanothers’.C．It’supto25,000kilograms. D．It’stheweightof16midsizebuses.17．ScientistsusedtheLongMarch5launchto________.A．improvethesatellite’sbasicskills B．haveChina’sfifthlunarexpeditionC．sendaspecialprobetothemoon D．sendChina’sheaviesthomemadesatelliteintospace18．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．HowChina’sspacestationwillbebuilt.B．WhentheLongMarch5willbesendtotheMars.C．WhattheLongMarch5willbeusedforinthefuture.D．WhythescientistswillsendtheLongMarch5tothemoon.【答案】15．D16．C17．D18．C【解析】这篇短文主要讲述了中国最大，最强大的火箭——长征五号。15．细节理解题。根据文中“China’sbiggestandmostpowerfulrocket,theLongMarch5,wassuccessfullylaunchedinHainanonthatday.”可知，它是最大的长征火箭。故选D。16．细节理解题。根据文中“Therocketisabletocarrythingsweighingupto25,000kilogramstheweightof16midsizecars,ChinaDailynoted.”可知，高达25000公斤。故选C。17．细节理解题。根据文中“DuringtheDecemberlaunch,theLongMarch5successfullysenttheShijian20thsatellite,China’slargestandheaviesthomemadesatellite,intospace.”可知，科学家们利用长征5号将中国最重的自制卫星送入太空。故选D。18．段落大意题。根据最后一段“Inthefuture,theLongMarch5willbeusedforChina’sfifthlunarexpedition,aswellastoplacepartsofChina’sspacestationintospace…”可知，最后一段主要讲述了长征5号未来的用途。故选C。Passage5（2020·浙江·瑞安市九年级上学期开学考试）InEnglish,feeling“blue”makespeoplethinkoffeelingsad.Butin2021,theword“blue”couldbeconnectedtosomethingmorehopeful.ThePantoneColorResearchCenterintheUSleadscolortrendseveryyear.For2021,ithaschosen“classicblue”,acolorthatremindspeopleoftheskybeforenight.Thereasonisthatitbrings“calm,confidenceandconnection,”accordingtoPantone.In2020,peopleallovertheworldfacebigchallenges,weatherchange,COVID19,homelessness....alloftheseproblemsmakeusfeelnervousandworried.ButasPantonePresidentLauriePressmansaid,“Thecolorofclassicbluealwaysbringssomethingrelaxing.”Imaginethatyouarelyingdownonthegroundandlookingattheeveningsky.Lookingatthedarkblueskywillmakeyoufeelcalmandrelaxed,aswellasmakeyouthinkonadeeperlevel.Pantonesaidthatclassicblueconnectspeopleeverywhereaswealllookupatoursharedsky.Thisisacolorwecanbeconnectedtoaroundtheworld,nomatterwherewelive.Welookoutsidethedoorandweseethiscolor,Pressmansaid.Classicbluealsoplaysintothesustainabilitymovement,aspeoplethinkoftimeswhenthingsweresimplerandmorefortable.“Likebluejeans,it’salwaysthereandyou’refortablewithit,”saidPressman,whothinksclassicblueistimelessandneveroutofstyle.Ifthecolorisalwaysinstyle,peoplewon’tthrow“classicblue”thingsaway.Wecanbuyfewerproductsandsavemoreresources.Soifyouwanttoaddsomenewthings,choosesomethingbluetokeepupwiththelatesttrend.19．Pantonechose“classicblue”asthecolorof2021because________.A．itisthecoloroftheirwebsite B．itconnectswithproblemsinourlifeC．morepeoplearefeelingsadthesedays D．itmakespeoplefeelcalmandconfident20．Paragraph7trytoexplain________.A．whypeoplelovewearingbluejeans B．whenclassicbluewillbeoutofstyleC．whyclassicbluemakespeoplefortable D．howclassicbluecanprotecttheenvironment21．Whatcanweinfer(推断)fromthestory?A．Peoplewillfacemorechallengesin2021.B．Peoplewillfeelnervouswithbluethingsaround.C．Theremightbemanynewclassicblueproductsin2021.D．Classicbluemakesithardforpeopletofeelconnectedwithothers.22．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．BlueJeansin2021 B．Feel“Blue”in2020C．TryFeeling“Blue”in2021 D．theBlueSkybeforeNight【答案】19．D20．D21．C22．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了2021年蓝色所意味的新含义。19．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Thereasonisthatitbrings“calm,confidenceandconnection”可知，Pantone选“经典蓝”作为2021年的颜色因为这个颜色能让人感到平静和自信，故选D。20．主旨大意题。根据文章第七段中的“Ifthecolorisalwaysinstyle,peoplewon’tthrow“classicblue”thingsaway.Wecanbuyfewerproductsandsavemoreresources”可知，第七段主要解释了经典蓝怎么保护环境的，故选D。21．推理判断题。通读全文以及文章最后一段“Soifyouwanttoaddsomenewthings,choosesomethingbluetokeepupwiththelatesttrend”可知，2021年“经典蓝”会成为流行色，可能会出现许多这种颜色的新产品，故选C。22．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了2021年蓝色所意味的新含义，选项C“2021试着感受“蓝色”最符合语境，故选C。Passage6（2021·山东·德州市陵城区第三中学九年级上学期开学考试）ManychildrenusetheInternettogetusefulknowledge(知识)andinformation,andtorelaxintheirfreetime.Butsomeofthemarenotusingitinagoodway.HerearesomerulestomakesureyouaresafeandhavefunontheInternet.◆MakerulesforInternetusewithyourparents.Forexample,whenyoucangoonline,forhowlongandwhatactivitiesyoucandoonline.◆Don'tgiveyourpassword(密码)toanyoneelse,andnevergiveoutthefollowinginformation:yourrealname,homeaddress,age,school,phonenumberorotherpersonalinformation.◆Checkwithyourparentsbeforegivingoutacredit(信用)cardnumber.◆Neversendaphotoofyourselftosomeoneinemailunless(除非)yourparentssayit'sOK.◆Checkwithyourparentsbeforegoingintoachat(聊天)room.Differentchatroomshavedifferentrulesandattractdifferentkindsofpeople.Youandyourparentswillwanttomakesureit'sarightplaceforyou.◆NeveragreetomeetsomeoneyoumetontheInternetwithoutyourparent'spermission(允许).Nevermeetanyoneyoumetonlinealone.◆Alwaysrememberthatpeopleonlinemaynotbewhotheysaytheyare.Treat(视为)everyoneonlineasiftheywerestrangers.◆Ifsomethingyouseeorreadonlinemakesyouunfortable(不舒服),leavethesite.Tellaparentorteacherrightaway.◆Treatotherpeopleasyou'dliketobetreated.Neverusebadlanguage.◆Remember—noteverythingyoureadontheInternetistrue.23．Thewritertellschildrento________.A．sendtheirownphotostohim B．makerulesforInternetusewithparentsC．believeeverythingtheyreadontheInternet D．giveouttheirpersonalinformation24．It'sgoodforchildrento________ontheInternet.A．givepasswordtoothers B．getusefulknowledgeandinformationC．giveoutacreditcardnumber D．gointoachatroomasthey'dliketo25．Whatshouldn'tbedonewhenyouareonline?________.A．Usingbadlanguage B．SendingmessagesandemailsC．Leavingthesiteifyoufeelunfortable D．Treatingeveryoneonlineasstrangers26．Ifyourparentsdon'tagree,never________.A．readanythingontheInternetB．relaxinyourfreetimeC．haveafacetofacemeetingwithanyoneyoumetonlineD．treatotherpeopleasyou'dliketobetreated27．Thebesttitleforthispassageis"________".A．Howtouseputers B．SurfingontheInternetC．InformationontheInternet D．Internetsafetyrules【答案】23．B24．B25．A26．C27．D【解析】文章主要针对青少年上网问题，向他们提出了几点需要注意的上网安全规则。23．细节理解题。根据文中“MakerulesforInternetusewithyourparents.”可知，要和父母一起制定上网规则，故选B。24．细节理解题。根据文中“ManychildrenusetheInternettogetusefulknowledge(知识)andinformation,andtorelaxintheirfreetime.”及下文描述可知，作者认为孩子们上网获取有益信息是有好处的，故选B。25．细节理解题。根据文中“Treatotherpeopleasyou'dliketobetreated.Neverusebadlanguage.”可知，对待别人就像你希望别人对待你一样。不要说脏话。故选A。26．细节理解题。根据文中“NeveragreetomeetsomeoneyoumetontheInternetwithoutyourparent'spermission(允许).Nevermeetanyoneyoumetonlinealone.”可知，未经父母允许，千万不要单独在网上认识的人见面，故选C。27．最佳标题题。根据文中“HerearesomerulestomakesureyouaresafeandhavefunontheInternet.”及整个文章的理解可知，这篇短文主要针对青少年上网问题，向他们提出了几点需要注意的上网安全规则，故选D。Passage7（2021·山东·德州市陵城区第三中学九年级上学期开学考试）Howdoyoudealwithplasticbagsfromthesupermarket?Throwthemawayorreusethem?Howabouteatingthem?EnvigreeninIndiahasmadeabagwith12naturalingredients(食材),suchaspotatoes,vegetableoilsandbananas.Itlooksandfeelsjustliketheusualplasticbag,butcanbreakdown.Thebagsaren’tharmfultotheenvironment.Bothhumansandanimalscansafelyeatthem.ThefounderofEnvigreen,AshwathHedge,spentfouryearstryingthemout.AlthoughtheEnvigreenbagsaremuchmoreexpensivethanthoseusualplasticbags,theyaregoodforourenvironment.Usually,ittakesabout1000yearsforusualplasticbagstobreakdown.ButanEnvigreenbagcannaturallybreakdowninlessthan180days.Italsodissolves(溶解)inlessthanadayinwater,andinabout15secondsinboilingwater.MaybetheEnvigreenbagsareasolutiontotheworldproblemofplasticpollution.28．Wecaninfer(推断)thatEnvigreenis________.A．akindofIndianfood B．anIndianpanyC．anorganizationinIndia D．arestaurantinIndia29．________arenottheingredientoftheEnvigreenbags.A．Potatoes B．Vegetableoils C．Bananas D．Plastics30．Ittakesabout________foranEnvigreenbagtobreakdownnaturally.A．15seconds B．10days C．180days D．1000years31．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．HedgespentfouryearstryingouttheEnvigreenbags.B．TheEnvigreenbagsarewidelyusedintheworldnow.C．TheEnvigreenbagsarecheaperthanusualplasticones.D．TheEnvigreenbagsaremadeof12kindsofvegetables.32．WhatisthemaindifferencebetweenausualplasticbagandanEnvigreenone?A．Thefeelingoftouch. B．Theirshapes. C．Iftheyareeatable. D．Theprices.【答案】28．B29．D30．C31．A32．C【解析】短文讲述为了应对白色污染，印度的一家公司研制出一种含有天然成分的袋子。这种袋子虽然看起来就像普通的塑料袋，但是更易分解。28．推理判断题，根据“EnvigreeninIndiahasmadeabagwith12naturalingredients(食材),suchaspotatoes,vegetableoilsandbananas.”可知印度的EnviGreen研制出一种含有天然食材的袋子。再结合“ThefounderofEnviGreen,AshwathHedge”可判断，EnviGreen是一家印度公司，故选B。29．推理判断题，根据“abagwith12naturalingredients(食材),suchaspotatoes,vegetableoilsandbananas.”一个袋子含有12种天然食材，其中有土豆、植物油和香蕉。可知这种袋子含有12种天然食材，其中有土豆、植物油和香蕉。四个选项中只有Plastics(塑料)不是天然食材，故选D。30．细节理解题，根据“ButanEnvigreenbagcannaturallybreakdowninlessthan180days.”可知这种袋子不到180天就能自然分解掉，C项与原文相符，故选C。31．推理判断题，根据“ThefounderofEnvigreen,AshwathHedge,spentfouryearstryingthemout.”可知EnviGreen的创始人AshwathHedge花了四年的时间试制出这种袋子，故选A。32．细节理解题，综合理解全文可知,本文介绍了EnviGreen研制出的特殊袋子。这种袋子虽然看起来和摸起来都与普通塑料袋无异，但是其含有天然食材，还可以食用，而普通塑料袋没有可食用这一特性，故eatable是这两种袋子的主要区别，故选C。Passage8（2021·江苏·南通市九年级上学期开学考试）Wearingamaskwhilesleepingathomesoundsalittlecrazy.ButWuKeyingdidsoduringthenovelcoronavirusoutbreak.“IfearedthatIwouldbeinfected.NowIknowit’snotnecessarytodoso.ButIamstillworriedaboutwhentheepidemicwillend,”saidthe13yearoldfromChengdu,Sichuanprovince.Beingstuckinsidemakesherfeelanxious.Infact,manypeoplehaveexperiencedfeelingslikeWu.Nearly80percentofpeoplearedeeplyworriedabouttheoutbreak,while40percentstronglyfearit,accordingtoasurveyreleasedonJan27bytheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.Theseemotions（情绪）arenormalforpeoplewhoaregoingthroughstressfulevents,accordingtoWangWeihua,anexpertonpositivepsychology（积极心理学）.“Somestressfulreactions（反应）canhelpusfightthevirus,”Wangsaid.“Wetakemoreprotectiveactions,suchaswearingmasksandwashinghandsoften,forexample.”“Butifthesefeelingslasttoolong,itwillbebadforourmental（心理的）health,”Wangadded.Sohowcanwestaypositive?First,weshouldlearntoacceptunexpectedchangesinlife,wroteXiongKewei,apsychologicalconsultant（咨询师）atBeijingNormalUniversity.Wemightlearnnewlessonsfromthesechanges,likerespecting（尊重）natureandbeingmoreresponsible（有担当的）.Anotherusefulwaytostaypositiveistosticktoanormalroutine（正常作息）.“Thekeyistotakegoodcareofthebody,arrangeareasonableschedule,ensureadequatesleepanddiet,andgetthenecessaryrestandrelaxation,”ZhangHong,deputychiefphysicianofWuhanMentalHealthCenter,toldChinaDaily.33．WuKeyingworeamaskwhilesleepingbecause________.A．herparentstoldhertodoso B．it’sthebestwaytoavoidinfectionC．oneofherfamilymemberswasinfected D．shewasscaredofbeinginfected34．WhatdoweknowfromParagraph2?A．Manypeoplefeelworriedaboutthevirus.B．Weshouldn’tworrytoomuchaboutthevirus.C．Only40percentofpeopleworryabouttheoutbreak.D．Morethan80percentofpeoplewearmaskswhilesleeping.35．AccordingtoWangWeihua,________canhelpusfightthevirus.a.wearingmasksb.beingstressfreec.stayingpositived.washingourhandsA．abc B．acd C．abd D．bcd36．Thelastthreeparagraphsaremainlyabout________.A．howtostayawayfromthecoronavirusB．howpsychologistshelpedpatientsC．suggestionsonhowtostaypositiveD．howtoreceivepsychologicalcounseling37．Thearticlemaybefrom________.A．aguide B．anadvertisement C．aicbook D．thenewspaper【答案】33．D34．A35．B36．C37．D【解析】本文讲述了在新型冠状病毒爆发期间，近80%的人对此次疫情深感担忧，而40%的人非常害怕。心理学专家表示，对于正在经历压力事件的人来说，这些感觉很正常。一些压力反应可以帮助我们对抗病毒，人们还可以采取更多的保护措施来对抗病毒。33．细节理解题。根据“Wearingamaskwhilesleepingathomesoundsalittlecrazy.ButWuKeyingdidsoduringthenovelcoronavirusoutbreak.”以及“IfearedthatIwouldbeinfected.”可知，睡觉戴口罩是害怕被感染。故选D。34．细节理解题。根据“Nearly80percentofpeoplearedeeplyworriedabouttheoutbreak,while40percentstronglyfearit”可知，很多人都担忧这个病毒。故选A。35．推理判断题。根据“Somestressfulreactionscanhelpusfightthevirus”可知，一些适当的压力可以帮助抗击病毒；根据“Wetakemoreprotectiveactions,suchaswearingmasksandwashinghandsoften,forexample.”可知，戴口罩、勤洗手可以帮助抗击病毒；“‘Butifthesefeelingslasttoolong,itwillbebadforourmentalhealth,’Wangadded.Sohowcanwestaypositive?”可知，保持积极的态度也可以帮助抗击病毒。结合选项可知acd是正确的。故选B。36．主旨大意题。根据“‘Butifthesefeelingslasttoolong,itwillbebadforourmentalhealth,’Wangadded.Sohowcanwestaypositive?”可知，说的是如何保持乐观的建议。故选C。37．推理判断题。本文讲述了在新型冠状病毒爆发期间，近80%的人对此次疫情深感担忧，而40%的人非常害怕。心理学专家表示，对于正在经历压力事件的人来说，这些感觉很正常。一些压力反应可以帮助我们对抗病毒，人们还可以采取更多的保护措施来对抗病毒，所以这可能会在报纸中出现。故选D。Passage9（2021·北京·人大附中九年级上学期开学考试）Storiesaresharedinmanyways.Theyaredescribedinbooksandmagazines.Theyarereadaroundthecampfireatnight.Theyarerandomlydistributed（随机分发）fromstandalonebooths.Butwhatelse?Torevive（复兴）literatureintheendoffastnewsandsmartphoneaddiction,ShortEdition,aFrenchpublisherofshortformliterature,hassetupmorethan30storydispensersintheUSAinthepastyearstodeliverfictionatthepushofabuttonatrestaurants,universitiesandgovernmentoffices.FrancisFordCoppola,thefilmdirectorandwinemaker,likedtheideasomuchthatheinvestedinhispanyandplacedadispenserathisCafeZoetropeinSanFrancisco.Lastmonthpubliclibrariesinsomeothercitiesann