高中英语外研版必修第一册Unit 2　Period 2　Understanding ideas-Reading comprehension

THEROADTOMODERNENGLISHAttheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyages❶toconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.Lookatthisexample：BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?AmericanAmy:Yes.I’dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime？Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.Thengradually❷betweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Sobythe1600’sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspellinghappened：firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.Thelatter❸gaveaseparateidentity❹toAmericanEnglishspelling.EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,Indiahasaverylargenumberoffluent❺EnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity？Onlytimewilltell.(选自人教版老教材必修1Unit2)词汇积累1．voyage/'vɔɪɪdʒ/n．航海；航行2．gradually/'ɡrædʒʊəlɪ/adv.逐步地；逐渐地3．latter/'lætə/adj.(两者中)后者的；较后的；后半的4．identity/aɪ'dentətɪ/n．身份；本身；本体5．fluent/'fluːənt/adj.流畅的；流利的Period2Understandingideas—ReadingcomprehensionⅠ.匹配单词1．sculpt A．beingtheonlyoneofitskind2．seasick B．adevicethatwarnspeopleofaparticulardanger3．unique C．tomakefiguresorobjectsbycarvingorshapingwood，stone，metal，etc.4．visible D．toshowtheimageofsb/sthonthesurfaceofsthsuchasamirrororglass5．reflect E．feelingsick/illorwantingtovomitwhenyouaretravelingonaboat6．alarm F．thatcanbeseen答案1.C2.E3.A4.F5.D6.BⅡ.选词填空eq\x(havetroubledoing，inone’sfreetime，speakof，wonderat，burnup)1．Tobehonest，IhadtroublewritingEnglishjournalslastyear.2．Inaddition，whenhespokeofhisjourney，hetoldmesomewonderfulplacesofinterest.3．Theboywasawarethatifheputonmorecoal，thefirewouldburnup.4．Actually，nothingcanmakehimhappierthanplayingwithhislittledaughterinhisfreetime.5．YoucanwalkdownCastleStreet，admireuniquebuildings，andthenwonderatthecastle.Step1速读——整体理解文意Ⅰ.明文章大意Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Englishisverydifficulttolearn.B．HowtolearnEnglish.C．Englishisinterestingandcreative.D．HowEnglishwascreated.答案CⅡ.悉层次结构Readthetextquicklyandmatchthemainideawitheachpart.Part1(Para.1) A．Examplesofsomeconfusingexpressions.Part2(Paras.2－6) B．ThereasonwhyEnglishissocrazy.Part3(Para.7) C．Englishisacrazylanguagetolearn.答案Part1CPart2APart3BStep2细读——逐段获取细节Ⅰ.ReadPart1(Para.1)carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1．WhatmadetheauthorthinkmoreaboutEnglish?A．Findingnoeggineggplant.B．Needingahamburgertofeedthechild.C．MeetingtroubleinlearningEnglish.D．Thequestionraisedbythechild.答案D2．Completethenoteswithwordsfromthepassage.·noeggineggplant·nohaminhamburger·neitherpinenorappleinpineapple3．Whatrulecanyougetfromexamplesabove?Wecan’talwaysunderstandacompoundwordbyaddingthemeaningsofthewordsthatitismadeupof!Ⅱ.ReadPart2(Paras.2－6)carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1．Whyarethewords“photo”and“homesick”mentioned?A．ToshowhowEnglishcanbeacrazylanguagetolearn.B．Totellusthedifferencesbetweentheirusages.C．Toanalyzetheformationofthewords.D．Toshowhowtolearnacrazylanguage.答案A2．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesentence“Eventhesmallestwordscanbeconfusing.”inparagraph5mean?A．Puzzling. B．Shocking.C．Inspiring. D．Encouraging.答案A3．Whatdoestheabbreviation(缩写词)“WHO”inamedicalreportrepresent?答案WorldHealthOrganization.Ⅲ.ReadPart3(Para.7)carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1．WhydoestheauthorthinkEnglishisinterestingandcreative?ThereasonisthatEnglishwasinventedbypeople，anditreflectsthecreativityofthehumanrace.2．Whichruledotheexamplesinparagraph7fitinto?A．Wecan’talwaysunderstandacompoundwordbyaddingthemeaningsofthewordsitismadeupof!B．Thesamewordsandphrasesmayhavedifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.C．Differentwordsorphrasesmayhavethesamemeaning!D．Thesameruledoesn’talwaysapplytoeverything!答案BⅣ.Readthewholepassageagainanddothefollowingexercises.1．Whattypeoftextisthispassage?A．Anovel. B．Adiary.C．Apoem. D．Anessay(小品文)．答案D2．Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?A．Byfollowingthewayofspelling.B．Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.C．Byprovidingexamples.D．Bymakingcomparisons.答案CStep3读后——讨论深度理解1．Doyouagreewiththeauthor’sopinionabouttheEnglishlanguage?Giveyourreasons.(Creativethinking)答案Iagreewiththeauthor’sopinionabouttheEnglishlanguage.IalsothinkEnglishiscreativeandabitconfusing.Forexample，“intheway”and“ontheway”，“infrontof”and“inthefrontof”meandifferently.2．WhatdoyoufindmostchallengingaboutlearningEnglish?Howdoyoudealwiththis？(Criticalthinking)答案Ifindgrammarmostchallenging，becausesometimestherearerulestofollow，butsometimestherearenorules.IthinkthebestwayistohavemoreinputofEnglishbyreadingandlistening.Step4总结——课文语法填空Onedaymysonasked1.me(I)whethertherewashaminahamburger.ThismademerealizeEnglishcanbeacrazylanguagetolearn.Thereisnoeggineggplantandneitheristherepine2.norappleinpineapple.ThereareotherthingsthatIfeel3.extremely(extreme)puzzled.Wetravelinthecarorthetaxibut4.onthetrainorbus.Homeworkisnot5.thesameashousework.What’smore，“harmless”istheoppositeof“harmful”but“shameless”and“shameful”6.are(be)thesame.Eventhesmallestwordscanbe7.confusing(confuse)．Youmaynotread“WHO”inamedicalreportasthe“who”in“Who’sthat？”English8.wasinvented(invent)bypeopleandit9.reflects(reflect)thecreativityofthehumanrace.Thatiswhythese10.differences(different)happen.Step5解读——长句难句分析1．Ihadn’t，untilonedaymyfive-year-oldsonaskedmewhethertherewashaminahamburger.[句式分析]此句是主从复合句。not...until...意为“直到……才……”，until引导时间状语从句；whether引导宾语从句。[自主翻译]我从未想过这个问题，直到有一天，我五岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡包)里是否有ham(火腿)。2．Whilewe’redoingallthistraveling，wecangetseasickatsea，airsickintheairandcarsickinacar，butwedon’tgethomesickwhenwegetbackhome.[句式分析]此句是复合句。but连接两个并列的分句，表转折；在前一个分句中，while引导时间状语从句；在后一个分句中，when引导时间状语从句。[自主翻译]我们会在海上晕船(seasick)、在飞机晕机(airsick)、在车里晕车(carsick)，但回到家里我们却不会“晕家”(homesick，实际意为“想家的，思乡的”)。3．Youalsohavetowonderattheuniquemadnessofalanguageinwhichahousecanburnupasitburnsdown，inwhichyoufillinaformbyfillingitout，andinwhichanalarmisonlyheardonceitgoesoff![句式分析]此句是主从复合句。三个并列的inwhich引导的是定语从句，在第一个从句中as引导时间状语从句，在第三个从句中once引导条件状语从句。[自主翻译]你也会对英语这门语言独有的疯狂感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬时，可以说burnup(字面意思是“烧上去”)，也可以说burndown(字面意思是“烧下去”)；填表时，你可以说fillinaform(字面意思是“填入表里”)，也可以说filloutaform(字面意思是“填到表外”)；而且只有闹钟gooff(字面意思是“离开”)以后你才能听到铃声！4．Thatiswhywhenthestarsareout，theyarevisible，butwhenthelightsareout，theyareinvisible.[句式分析]此句是主从复合句。why引导表语从句，在从句中两个when引导时间状语从句。[自主翻译]这就是为什么starsareout(星星出现了)时，我们能看到星星，而当lightsareout(灯灭了)时，我们却看不到灯光。Ⅰ.阅读理解AMyphonebeepedasIclosedthepassengerdoor.Iknewthatthetextwasfrommyfriend.Robin，apoet.AndIdidnotwanttoreadit.Robinhadrecentlysubmitted(提交，递交)hermanuscript(手稿)toseveralpublishersandsheexpectedaresponsefromonesoon.Frommyview，herwritinglifewasalreadycharmed：workatacelebratedworkshopandpublicationinliteraryjournals.Iwaswaitingtohearbackfromsomebookconsultants.ThreeweekshadpassedsinceIsentthemsomemanuscriptpages.I’dreturnedtomystateoffrustration(挫败)andthefamiliarmisery.Ineededmyphonefornavigation，soIhadnochoicebuttolookatthescreen.“Ihavenews.”ItwasRobin.“Goodnews...”MyinsidesshookasIsatwaitingformyhusband.Canweescape?AsIlongedforsomeofRobin’smagictowearoffonme，Ihadtofigureouthowtorespondtohertext，howtobeafriend.“Isitaboutyourmanuscript？”“Yes！”sheanswered.“WecantalklaterbutIhaveabookcomingoutnextyear!I’minshock！！！”Icried，quietly.Idugdeeptofindthewordsfriendshipcalledfor—“wonderful”，“amazing”，“extremelytalented”．ButasIreread，eachwordfeltpathetic.Thistime，jealousyhadputavaluablefriendshipatrisk.Toovercomeit，IhadtofacethatRobinhadachievedsomethingIcouldnot.Noneofmyexcuses—“thedemandsofmotherhood”，“financialpressure”，“I’mnotgoodatthis”seemedtoholdupanymore.Twodayslater，Iwrotetotheconsultingcompanyagain.Theyresponded：“Thewritingisreallygood.”Iwasoverjoyed.RobinandIarestillstairsapartonthewriting-successladderbutallfourofourfeetaremovingupward.Afterherbookwasreleased，sheandImetoverbeers.Iaskedaboutherwritingprocess；howdidshecreateherbook？Aclue：itwasn’tmagic.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者的朋友Robin在写作上的成就比作者高，这考验了作者作为Robin的朋友对待Robin的态度。1．Whywastheauthorunwillingtoreadthetext?A．Becauseshewastoobusytoreadit.B．BecausesheknewRobin’sresponsewell.C．BecauseshefearedRobin’sgoodnews.D．Becauseshedidn’tknowitwasfromRobin.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Robin的写作生涯比作者顺利，比作者成就高，所以作者不愿意读短信是因为她害怕听见Robin的好消息。故选C。2．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Robin’sachievementsinherwritinglife.B．ThehugegapbetweenRobinandtheauthor.C．Robin’scontributiontotheauthor’ssuccess.D．Theauthor’sfeelingsaboutRobin’sliterature.答案B解析段落大意题。根据第二段的第二句和最后一句可知，作者和Robin在写作上的成就有很大差别，因此第二段主要是关于罗宾和作者之间的巨大差距。故选B。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pathetic”inparagraph4mean?A．Delightful. B．Astonishing.C．Confusing. D．Useless.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据画线词后两句可知，作者说前面那些话都没有用，作者只能面对罗宾做到了作者所做不到的事这个事实，因此画线词pathetic的意思是“无用的”，故选D。4．WhatcanweinferaboutRobin’sbookfromthelastparagraph?A．Itisaboutmagic.B．Ittookgreatefforts.C．Itmadetheauthorjealous.D．Itwasanimmediatesuccess.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句可推断出Robin的书不是魔法变出来的，而是付出了很大的努力才写出来的，故选B。B(2023·广东东莞高一期中)Peoplewilltellyoutheonlywaytoreallylearnalanguageistocompletelyimmerse(浸入)yourselfinacountrywherethatlanguageisspoken.Notalllanguagelearners，ofcourse，willhavetheopportunitytospendsometimeinanimmersionenvironment.Butifyoucan’tactuallyflyacrosstheworldtolearnanewlanguage，youcanalwayscreateanimmersionenvironmentwhereyoucantalktonativespeakers.That’swhereBabbelcomesin.Babbelisoneofthemostpopularlanguagelearningappsonthemarketforstudyingnewlanguagesatyourownpace.Theappemphasises(强调)real-lifeconversationalskills，soyouwon’tbestoppedbygrammaticalstructuresandverbpatterns.Andrightnow，youcanget15%offalifetimesubscription(订阅)toBabbelLanguageLearning($150；)．Alifetimesubscriptionishugewhenitcomestogettingthemostoutoftheapp，sinceyou’llbeabletoreturntolessonstimeandtimeagainandbrushuponwhicheversectionortopicyoumightneed.Sohowdoesitallwork?First，you’llchooseoneofthe14languages.WhileBabbeloffersfamiliarlanguageslikeSpanishandItalian，italsoofferslesscommonlystudiedoneslikePolish，Indonesianandmore.Onceyoupickyourlanguage，you’llchooseawiderangeofreal-lifetopics.Eachcoursetakesabout10to15minutes，soyoucanpickoneuponthewaytowork，duringyourlunchbreak，orreallyatanypointyouhavesometimetokill.Beyondthis，Babbelincludesatonofadditionalfeaturestailoredtomakingsureyoulearnthelanguageinareal，practicalandaccurateway.Theappusesspeechrecognitiontechnologytomakesureyourpronunciationisaccuratecomparedwithhownativespeakerswouldsaycertainwords.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款名叫Babbel的学习语言的应用程序。)5．Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytellus?A．Theterrifyingexperiencesoftravelling.B．Theimportanceoflanguagelearningenvironment.C．Differentwaystolearnanewlanguage.D．Opportunitiestocommunicatewithnativespeakers.答案B解析段落大意题。根据第一段可知，此段主要阐述语言学习环境对学习语言是非常重要的。故选B。6．WhatcanweknowaboutBabbel?A．It’satoolforlearninglanguages.B．Itisdesignedinvarioustypes.C．Itfocusesmoreongrammarstructures.D．It’sthemostpopularappinthemarket.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句可知，Babbel是一款学习语言的应用程序，即一种学习语言的工具。故选A。7．Whatshouldtheusersdofirsttolearnwiththeapp?A．Choosetheplacetolearnacourse.B．Pickthelanguagetheywanttolearn.C．Calculatethereadingtime.D．Chooseapropertopic.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“First，you’llchooseoneofthe14languages.”可知，使用者首先要从学习软件提供的14种语言中挑选一种自己想要学习的语言。故选B。8．WhydoesBabbelusespeechrecognitiontechnology?A．Torepresentitsadditionalfeatures.B．Tomeettheneedsofnativespeakers.C．Tocomparedifferencesbetweenwords.D．Tomakethepronunciationcorrect.答案D解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的最后一句可知，Babbel用语音识别技术是要确保发音的准确性。故选D。CIfyouthinkEnglishmeansendlessnewwords，difficultgrammarandsometimesstrangepronunciation，youarewrong.Haven’tyounoticedthatyouhavebecomesmartersinceyoustartedtolearnalanguage?AccordingtoanewstudybyaBritishuniversity，learningasecondlanguagecanleadtoanincreaseinyourbrainpower.Researchersfoundthatlearningotherlanguageschangesgreymatter.Thisistheareaofthebrainwhichprocessesinformation.Itissimilartothewaythatexercisebuildsmuscles(肌肉)．Thestudyalsofoundtheyoungerpeoplelearnasecondlanguage，thegreatertheeffectis.AteamledbyDrAndreaMechelli，fromUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)，tookagroupofBritonswhoonlyspokeEnglish.Theywerecomparedwithagroupof“earlybilinguals”whohadlearntasecondlanguagebeforetheageoffive，aswellasanumberoflaterlearners.Scansshowedthatgreymatterdensity(密度)inthebrainwasgreaterinbilingualsthaninpeoplewithoutasecondlanguage.Butthelongerapersonwaitedbeforemasteringanewlanguage，thesmallerthedifferencewas.“Ourfindingssuggestthatthestructureofthebrainischangedbytheexperienceoflearningasecondlanguage，”saidthescientists.Itmeansthatthechangeitselfincreasestheabilitytolearn.ProfessorDylanVaughanJonesoftheUniversityofWales，hasresearchedthelinkbetweenbilingualismandmathsskills.“Havingtwolanguagesgivesyoutwowindowsontheworldandmakesthebrainmoreflexible(灵活的)，”hesaid.“Youareactuallygoingbeyondlanguageandhaveabetterunderstandingofdifferentideas.”ThefindingswerematchedinastudyofnativeItalianspeakerswhohadlearntEnglishasasecondlanguagebetweentheagesoftwoandthirty-four.Reading，writing，andcomprehensionwerealltested.Theresultsshowedthattheyoungertheystartedtolearn，thebetter.“Studyingalanguagemeansyougetanentrancetoanotherworld，”explainedthescientists.语篇解读本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现：学习第二门语言可以让人更加聪明，提升脑力。9．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthispassage?A．Manhasagreatabilityoflearningasecondlanguage.B．Languagelearningiscloselyconnectedwithmathsstudy.C．ThestudydonebytheresearchersfromUCLisverysuccessful.D．Studyingaforeignlanguagecanimproveman’sabilitytothink.答案D解析主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第二句以及第二段第一句可知，本文介绍了一项研究发现：学习第二门语言可以使人更聪明，提升脑力。故选D项。10．Whydoesthewritermention“exercise”inthesecondparagraph?A．Tosuggestlanguagelearningisalsoakindofphysicallabor.B．Tomakepeoplebelievelanguagelearninghelpsgreymatterworkwell.C．Toprovethatoneneedsmorepracticewhenhe/sheislearningalanguage.D．Toshowthesignificanceofusingthelanguagewhenyoulearnalanguage.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，作者提到锻炼可以增强肌肉，是想通过类比使读者相信：学习第二门语言会改变大脑灰质，从而提高脑力。故选B项。11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bilinguals”probablymeaninparagraph3?A．Anactiveforeignlanguagelearner.B．Apersonwhocanspeaktwolanguages.C．Aresearcheronforeignlanguagelearning.D．Apersonwhoisgoodatlearningforeignlanguages.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“whohadlearntasecondlanguagebeforetheageoffive”可知，bilinguals指的是学会第二门语言的人，即会说两种语言的人，故选B项。12．Whatcanweknowfromthescientificfindings?A．Theabilityoflearningasecondlanguageischangingallthetime.B．Theexperienceoflearningasecondlanguagehasabadeffectonbrain.C．Theearlieryoustarttolearnasecondlanguage，thehigherthegreymatterdensityis.D．Thereisnodifferencebetweenalatersecondlanguagelearnerandonewithoutasecondlanguage.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后三句话可知，学得越迟，灰质密度变化就越小，即越早学习第二门语言，灰质密度就越高。故选C项。Ⅱ.七选五LearninganewlanguagelikeEnglishcanbeachallenge，butwithregularstudy，itcanbedone.1HerearesomeguidelinestohelpyouimproveyourEnglish.2Learninganynewlanguageisatime-consumingprocess.Ratherthantryafewhourstoreviewonceortwiceaweek，mostexpertssayshort，regularstudysessionsaremoreeffective.Aslittleas30minutesadaycanhelpyouimproveyourEnglishskillsovertime.Read，watch，andlist