Unit 3【速记清单】-2023-2024学年八年级英语上册单元速记•巧练（牛津上海版）（原卷版）

第页Unit3Trouble！Trouble话题词汇trouble，happen，argument，hold，crowd，stare，through，stea，suddenly，notice，follow，hurry，aboard，strange，afraid，dial，report，theft，detail，as短语dealwith解决，处理，应付happento遭到，遇到stareat盯着……看begoingon/behappening发生goaboard上船（飞机等）goafter追赶某人；跟在某人后面beafraidof害怕，畏惧put…down放下getoff下车，下船indetail详细地beworriedabout担心，担忧waitfor等待，等候shoutat冲……嚷嚷，冲……喊叫shoutbackat冲……回嚷holdout递出东西，伸出手（或胳膊）movethrough在……中穿梭goon发生catchone’snotice引起某人的注意takenoticeof注意，留心runaway逃跑，逃离句型writeabout…写关于oneday“(将来/过去的)一天”，通常用于一般过去时或一般将来时eachother“彼此，互相”在英语中被称为“相互代词”hearsb．doingsth．听到某人正在干某事was/weredoingsth.过去正在做某事语法一般过去时、过去状语短语考点1.troublen(l)麻烦e.g.Tomnevermakesanytroubleatschool.汤姆在学校从不惹麻烦。(2)困难；困境e.g.Wegotintroublewhenthecarbrokedowninastorm.车子在暴风雨中坏了，我们陷入了困境。【例题】Don'tbringMrWang__________.Heistootired.A.toomuchtroubleB.somanytroublesC.muchtootroubleD.somoretroubles考点2.happenv.出现，发生【例题】Whathappenednext,Jim?后来怎么啦，吉姆？【拓展】【常用搭配】(1)happentosb．／sth．成为某人（事）的体验或命运；降临到某人（事）的头上e.g.What'shappenedtomyfeet?Theyhurtbadly!我的脚怎么了？很疼呀！(2)happentobe/do恰巧，碰巧e.g.MaryhappenedtobetherewhenIwentintothekitchen.=IthappenedthatMarywastherewhenlwentintothekitchen.当我进厨房的时候，恰巧玛莉在那。【点睛提示】【指点迷津：happen，takeplace】happen和takeplace都表示“发生”，二者都不能用于被动语态，happen强调偶然性，而takeplace则强调必然性或计划性。e.g.Thetrafficaccidenthappenedonafoggyafternoon，这起交通事故发生在一个多雾的下午。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown．我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。【例题】用适当的词或词组填空Whenwillthewedding__________?考点3.stealv.偷，窃取【例句】AthiefstolemymobilephonethisFebruary.今年2月，我的手机被小偷给偷了。【拓展】【指点迷津：rob,steal】rob一般有暴力抢夺的含义，而steal却是偷偷摸摸盗取的意思。它们的搭配分别为stealsth.fromsb．和robsb.ofsth.考点4.throughprep.(l)穿过，通过e.g.Theydrovethroughthetunnel.他们开车穿过了隧道。(2)从开始到结束，自始至终e.g.Theytravelledthroughthenight.他们走了一整夜。(3)因为e.g.Shegotthejobthroughherfather，她是通过她父亲而得到这份工作的。(4)接通电话e.g.CanyouputmethroughtoJillKnight,please?劳驾，请吉尔·奈特接电话。【拓展】【指点迷津：across,through,over,by】acrossthroughoverby从一边到另一边一边进入，一边穿出从一边到另一边，须跨越从边上经过e.g.Theduckswamacrosstheriver.鸭子游到了河对岸。Abirdflewintotheroomthroughthewindow.一只小鸟穿过了窗户飞进了屋子。Ijumpedoverthewallintothegarden.我翻墙进入花园。Shedidn’tnoticemewhenshepassedby.她经过我身边的时候没注意到我。【例句】Theyoungmenwalked_________theforestandcametoabigriveratlast.A.onB.overC.throughD.across考点5.noticev.注意到n.警告，通知【例句】Doyounoticewhatheiswearing?你注意到他穿什么了吗？Thenoticeonthedoorsaidthatthelibrarywasclosed。门上的通知说图书馆关门了。【拓展】noticesb.dosth注意某人干好某事／noticesb.doingsth．注意某人正在干某事e.g.Inoticedhimwalkintotheroom．我注意到他进了房间。=Inoticedthathecameintotheroom,Inoticedhimeatingimpolitely.我注意到他正不礼貌地吃着。=Inoticedthathewaseatingimpolitely.考点6.follow【拓展】(1)v.跟随e.g.FollowmeandI'llshowyoutheway.跟着我，我给你指路。YougofirstandI'llfollow(you)later.您先请，我跟着您！(2)v.领会；理解e.g.I'mafraidIdon'tfollowyou．对不起你讲的我没听懂。Themathsproblemwasalittledifficulttofollow．这道数学题有点难懂。【知识拓展】(1)followern.迫随者；崇拜者e.g.St.PeterwasoneofChrist'sfirstfollowers．圣·彼得是基督最早的门徒之一。(2)followingadj.next随后的e.g.MyfriendWillcalledmethefollowingday．我的朋友威尔第二天给我打了电话。【例句】选出与画线部分意思相同或相近的选项。I'msorryIcan'tfollowyou.A.takeB.understandC.teachD.catch考点7.theftn.偷，盗窃罪【例句】Whattimedidthethefttakeplace?这起偷窃案发生在什么时候？【拓展】robvt.“抢劫，盗窃”，robsb.ofsth.抢某人某物。e.g.Herobbedmeofmywatch.他抢走了我的手表。robber.n.抢劫者e.g.Hewasarobbertwoyearsago.两年前他是一个抢劫犯。【例题】Look！Therearesome___________(rob)inthejewelrystore.考点8.本单元重点词组dealwith解决，处理，应付happento遭到，遇到stareat盯着……看begoingon/behappening发生goaboard上船（飞机等）goafter追赶某人；跟在某人后面beafraidof害怕，畏惧put…down放下getoff下车，下船indetail详细地beworriedabout担心，担忧waitfor等待，等候shoutat冲……嚷嚷，冲……喊叫shoutbackat冲……回嚷holdout递出东西，伸出手（或胳膊）movethrough在……中穿梭goon发生catchone’snotice引起某人的注意takenoticeof注意，留心runaway逃跑，逃离语法精讲——一般过去时&过去状语短语一、基本概念一般过去时通常表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。如：Mr.Wilsonwasaprofessor.威尔逊先生以前是教授。Therewerewolvesinthewoods.以前这片森林里有狼。Hehadanewcar.他以前有辆新车。Theyboughtbeautifuldressesfortheparty.她们为聚会买了漂亮的裙子。二、用法详解动词过去式变形规则动词的过去式

1.一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed。

looklooked

playplayed

startstarted

visitvisited

pull-pulled,

cook-cooked2.以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。

livelived

useused

taste-tasted3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，先将y改为i,再加–ed。

studystudied

trytried

4.以重读闭音节（即辅音＋元音＋辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写这个辅音字母后，再加–ed。

stopstopped

planplanned

preferpreferred

不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was,

are-were（是）,become-became(成为)go-went（走）,（买）buy--bought，sell--sold(卖）come-came（来）,take-took（拿）,have(has)-had（有），begin（开始）--began,

bring（拿来）--brought,

can（能）--could,

catch（捉住）--caught,

cut（砍，割）--cut,

do/does（做，干）--did,

draw（画画,拉）--drew,

drink（喝）--drank,

drive（驾驶）--drove,

eat（吃）--ate,

fall（跌倒，落下）--fell,

feel（感觉）--felt,

fly（飞）--flew,

get（获得）--got,

give（给）gave,

grow（生长）--grew,

keep（保持）--kept,

know（知道，认识）--knew,

learn（学习）--learnt,

leave（离开）--left,

let（让）--let,

lie（躺，平放）--lay,make（使得，做）--made,

may（可以）--might,

must（必须）--must,read（读）--read,

ride（骑）--rode,

ring（鸣铃）--rang,

run（跑）--ran,

say说）--said,

see（看见）--saw,

sell（卖）--sold,

send（送）--sent,

set（放）--set,

sing（唱歌）--sang,

sit（坐）--sat,

sleep（睡觉）--slept,

speak（说话）--spoke,spend（花费）--spent,stand（站立）--stood,swim（游泳）--swam,

teach（教）--taught,

tell（告诉）--told,

think（认为）--thought,

throw（投掷）--threw,understand（懂得）--understood,

wear（穿）--wore,

will（将要）--would,

win（获胜）--won,

(弯曲)bend--bent,blow--blew(吹)，选择choosechose一般过去时的基本用法表示在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,last+时间,thismorning

时间+ago,justnow,amomentago,in+过去的时间,ThepandagavebirthtoababylastTuesday.大熊猫上周二产下了一只小熊猫。DadtookmetotheCarnivalyesterday.昨天爸爸带我去参加嘉年华。表示在过去一段时间里，经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。如：IwatchedtheWorldCupeverydaylastmonth.上个月我每天都看世界杯比赛。IcollectedcoinswhenIwasachild.我校的时候收集硬币。 表示过去的时间状语我们可以在一般过去时的句子中使用一些表示“过去”的时间状语，用以表明事情或动作究竟是过去的什么时候发生的。常见的用于表示“过去”的时间状语有：last意为“上一个，最近的一个”，常用的搭配有：lastweek,lastyear,lastmonth,lastnight.等。yesterday意为“昨天”。由此变化而来的搭配还有:thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterdaymorning,yesterdayafternoon,yesterdayevening等。ago意为“之前”，常用的搭配有：threeweeksago,tenminutesago,anhourago等。in+年份，如：Emmaleftschoolin1993.8AU3Vocabulary根据音标，词性和中文写单词序号英文音标词性中文1/evə(r)/adv.在任何时候，从来2/ɑ:gju:/v.争论，争吵，争辩3/trʌbl/n.问题，困难4/ʌnju:ʒʊəl/adj.特别的，不寻常的5/ɑ:gjʊmənt/n.争论，争吵6/kraʊd/n.人群，观众7/steə/v.盯着看，凝视8/θru:/prep.穿过，贯穿9/kwaɪətlɪ/adv.轻轻地，安静地10/sti:l/v.偷，窃取11/pɜːs/n.钱包12/pəʊstkɑ:d/n.明信片13/gɒn/adj.不复存在的，离开了，走了14/geɪt/n.大门15/əbɔːd/adv.上船16/streɪndʒ/adj.奇怪的，异常的17/daɪəl/v.拨号18/θeft/n.偷，偷窃19/di:teɪl/n.资料，信息20/wʌrɪd/adj.担心的，发愁的21/ri:əlaɪz/v.意识到，领会22/fæt/adj.打斗，打架23/rɑ:ðə/adv.相当，在某种程度下24/daʊnsteəz/adv.在楼下，往楼下词汇语法复习（1）8AU3词性转换整理1n.争论，争吵，争辩v.争论，争吵，争辩2n.问题，困难adj.讨厌的，麻烦的，困难的3adj.常见的，平常的，普通的adj.特别的，不寻常的4n.人群，观众adj.拥挤的5v.担忧adj.担心的Keyphrasesandsentences.1.Pauliswritingaboutanunusualthingthathappenedtohimoneday.★writeabout…写关于…★happentosth“遭到，遇到”强调某人发生某情况，尤指不幸的事。Whatwillhappentohernow?她现在会发生什么事呢？happentodosth“恰好，碰巧，偶然做某事”Ijusthappentofeelthat.我碰巧那样觉得。★oneday“(将来/过去的)一天”，通常用于一般过去时或一般将来时。Iamsurehewillsucceedonedayanother.Hedreamedofbecomingafamousscientistoneday.2.Twowomentouristsandayoungmanwereshoutingateachother.★womentourists是womantourist的复数形式。我们可以用man或woman修饰另一个名词来表明名词的性别，此时若要变为复数形式，须将man或woman与被修饰的名词一同变为复数形式。如：amandriver一个男司机twomendrivers两个男司机但是girl和boy这两个词虽然也是表示性别的，但是在修饰名词时，一律用它们的单数形式。如:agirlstudent一个女学生twogirlstudents两个女学生★eachother“彼此，互相”在英语中被称为“相互代词”a.eachother指两者之间，oneanother指三者或三者以上之间Myparentsrespecteachother.Thesea,thelandandtheskyseemtomeltintooneanotherinthispicture.这幅图画上的大海、陆地和蓝天似乎融为了一体。b.两者均有所有格Theyknoweachother’s/oneanother’sweakpoints.他们都彼此了解对方的弱点。c.汉语“互相”是副词，但是英语中的eachother和oneanother都为相互代词。因此及物动词之后可接它们用作宾语，如helpeachother。而在不及物动词之后则要借助介词，如talktoeachother,learnfromoneanother等。3.TodaymydadandIwerewaitingfortheferry…今天我父亲和我正等渡轮…过去进行时表示在过去的某一时间或时间段内正在发生的行为或动作，常与atsevenlastnight，fromthreetofivethisafternoon，atthattime，thewholemorning等词组或用when和while引导的时间状语连用。e.g.IwaswatchingTVateightlastnight．昨天晚上八点我正在看电视。4.…weheardabigargument,…我们听见了一场大争论。hearsb．doingsth．听到某人正在干某事★hear是感官动词，其后常跟不带to的动词不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语，即hearsb.dosth，或hearsb.doingsth.hearsb.dosth．意为“听到某人做了某事”，表示经常做某事或表示某个动作的全过程。e.g.Ioftenhearhersinginthenextroom．我经常听到她在隔壁的房间里唱歌。Iheardhimcomeintotheclassroom，我听到他进了教室。★hearsb.doingsth．意为“听到某人正在做某事”，表示一个动作正在进行。e.g.Ihearsomeonereadingintheclassroom．我听到有人正在教室里读书。5．Nooneknewwhatwashappening．没人知道发生了什么。★宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句的构成方式：①由that引导（that可以省略），从属连词that本身没有意义。e.g.Heknowsshe'llbebackinaweek．他知道她一个星期之后将回来。②由连接代词或连接副词引导。连接代词：what，whose，which，who连接副词：when，where，why，howe.g.Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion．他问谁能回答这个问题。★was/weredoingsth.过去正在做某事e.g.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkthistimeyesterday.我昨天这个时候正在做作业。6．What'sgoingon?（-What'sup?/What'shappening？）发生什么事了？e.g.Tellmewhat'sgoingon．告诉我发生了什么事。PracticePractice一、阅读单选Doyouknowwhyyougetangrysoeasilywhileyourfriendsmilesallthetime?It’sprobablybecauseyouhavedifferentpersonalities.Thenwhatispersonality(性格)?Personalityisabouthowpeoplethink,behave,andreacttoeverythingaroundthem.Sowhatmakespeoplethinkandbehaveincertainways?Partofthereasonisthatpeoplearebornlikethis.Ababygetsitsbloodtypeandgeneswhenitisstillinsideitsmother.Thesethingsmayhelpdecidewhatthebabywillbelike.Butone’spersonalitydoesn’tstophere.Familylife,schoollearningandlifeexperiencescanalsomakeyouthepersonyouare.Thisdoesn’tmeanit’simpossibletochangeyourpersonality.Youcanalwaystrytomakeyourselfbetter.Don’tgettooworriedaboutyourshortcomings.Justacceptthem.Thisisagoodwaytostartmakingchanges.Ifyoudon’tknowhowtomakefriends,findoutwhy.Isitbecauseyou’retooshy?Tellyourselftosmileatpeople.Starttalkingtopeoplebyusingwarmgreetings.Butdon’tgiveyourselfahardtimeaboutitall.Afterall,it’snoteasytochangelifelonghabitsinonenight.Keepworkingatit.Onedayyou’llseethatyoucanturnoveranewleafandbeanewyou!根据材料内容，选择正确答案。1．PersonalityisaboutthefollowingEXCEPT________.A．howyouthinkaboutsomething B．whatyoulooklikeC．howyoubehave D．howyoureacttosomething2．Whatcaninfluenceaperson’spersonalityaccordingtothepassage?①bloodtype

②genes

③familylife

④height

⑤schoollearning

⑥lifeexperiencesA．①②③④⑤ B．①②③④⑥ C．①②④⑤⑥ D．①②③⑤⑥3．Theunderlinedword“it”refersto_________.A．thebaby B．thebloodtype C．thegene D．thepersonality4．Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat_________.A．ashypersoncan’tmakemanyfriendsB．thereisnowaytochangeyourlifelonghabitsC．youcanchangeyourselfifyoukeepworkingatitD．it’seasytochangeoneselfinashorttime5．Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Peoplearebornthewaythey’llalwaysbe.B．Thebloodtypedecidesaperson’slook.C．Apersoncannotchangehisorherpersonalityatall.D．It’spossibleforapersontochangehisorherpersonality.Johnsonismybestfriend.Weliveinthesamebuilding.Westudyinthesameschoolbutnotinthesameclass.Weoftenchat,playfootballtogetherafterschool.Iknowhimlongagoandwehavebeengoodfriendsfortwoyears.Johnsonistallandstrongwithblackhair.Hehasaroundface,asmallnoseandbigbrowneyes.Ilikehiseyesbecausetheyarealwaysbrightandsmiling.Ithinkheisgood-looking.Manyofuswanttobehisfriends.Johnsonisalwaysfriendlyandhelpful.WhenIfeelboredorunhappy,hetellsmefunnyjokesandmakesmelaugh.He’llgivemehelpwhenIneed.Heisalsoverygenerous（慷慨的）.Heisalwayswillingtosharethingswithhisfriends.Johnsonisverysmart.Hereadsalotofbooks.Heisgoodatsingingandactsverywell.Hewouldliketomakepeoplehappywithhissongsandperformances（表演）whenhegrowsup.IbelievethathecanbecomeaspopularasJackieChanandtravelaroundtheworldinthefuture.6．ThewriterandJohnsonare________.A．classmates B．brothers C．friends D．sisters7．WhendidthewritergettoknowJohnson?A．Longago. B．Twoyearsago. C．In2008. D．In2007.8．WhatisJohnsonlike?A．He’smusicalandsporty. B．He’sveryhappy. C．He’shelpfulandfriendly. D．He’spolite.9．WhatmayJohnsonwanttobewhenhegrowsup?A．Anactor. B．AnEnglishteacher. C．Adoctor. D．Apoliceman.10．What’sthemainideaoftheshortstory?A．Agreatstudent. B．Agoodyoungman. C．MyfriendJohnson. D．MyfriendJackieChan.NameAppearanceHobbyJobTinaShehaslongstraightblondehairandbigeyes.Sheisnotheavyorthin.Sheoftenwearsaskirt.Shealsolikeswearingahat.playingcomputergames,singingsingerPeterHeistallwithshortcurlybrownhair.Hehasaroundface,andasmallmouth.HelikeswearingT-shirtsandshorts.swimming,watchingballgamespoliceartistHelenShehasshortwhitehairandsmallblueeyes.Sheoftenwearsglasseswithasmallandroundframe（镜框）.swimming,reading,playingbadmintonteacherDavidHehasshortcurlyhair,bigblackeyesandablackbeard（胡须）.Healwayswearsglasseswithablackframe.HeoftenwearsbluejeansandaT-shirtwithaword“love”onit.writing,playingtheguitaractor11．WhatdoesTinalooklike?A．Sheisnottallorshort. B．Shehaslongstraighthair.C．Shewearsglasses. D．Shehasblueeyes.12．WhatdoesPeterlike?A．Hehasaroundface. B．Helikesswimming.C．Heisapoliceartist. D．Helikesreading.13．WheredoesHelenwork?A．Inabank. B．Inahospital. C．Inapoliceoffice. D．Inaschool.14．Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?A．HelenandDavidbothwearglasses. B．HelenandPeterbothlikereading.C．TinaandDavidaresingers. D．PeterandDavidbothlikewatchinggames.15．Fromthepassage（文章）,wecanknowthat________.A．allofthefourpeopleoftenwearshirts B．TinaandPeterlikedoingsportsC．HelenandDavidhaveshorthair D．allofthefourpeoplelikeplayinggames二、阅读回答问题阅读短文，然后根据短文内容，简要回答下列问题。Formanychildren,theirbirthdayistheirfavoriteday.Theylikespendingitwiththeirparentsandfriends.Allparentswanttohold(举办)wonderfulbirthdaypartiesfortheirchildren.LastSaturdaywasTom’sfourthbirthday.Hismother,Mrs.Green,helpedhimtoinvitesixfriendstotheirhouse.SheheldaverynicepartyforTom.Mrs.Greenpreparedforthepartyforalongtime.Shethoughtabouttheirages,theactivities,thetime,thefood,thecakeandthegifts.Shesaid,“Don’tletthepartylast(持续)toolong.Forchildren’sparty,90minutesortwohoursisenough.”Attheparty,Mrs.Greenchoseanicecakeforthechildren.Shealsopreparedsomegiftsforthem.Theywereveryhappy.16．Whomadetheinvitation?17．Whatwastheinvitationfor?18．Whenwastheparty?19．Howlongwillthechildren’spartylast?20．DidTom’smotherpreparegiftsforTom’sfriends?The31stFISU（国际大学生体育联合会）WorldUniversityGamesopenedonFridayeveningatDong’anLakeSportsParkStadiuminChengdu,capitalofsouthwestChina’sSichuanProvince.Runningfrom