Unit 5【速记清单】-2023-2024学年八年级英语上册单元速记•巧练（牛津上海版）（解析版）

第页Unit5EncyclopaediasEncyclopaedias话题百科全书词汇thoughcreateexistevenharmfulharmlessnobodywhilecausebelieve短语句型bemade由……所制成（看得出原材料）bemadeupof由……组成bemadefrom由……所制成（看不出原材料）bemadeby由……制造bemadein(aplace,acountry,acity,etc.)某地制造语法可数名词和不可数名词考点1.existv.存在，生存【例题】e.g.TheRomanEmpireexistedforseveralcenturies.罗马帝国存在了好几个世纪。Theoldladyexistsonlyoncoffeeandbread.老太太仅靠咖啡面包生活。【拓展】【常用搭配】existas作为……而存在，以……形态存在existin存在于……中existon靠……生活；靠……生存【知识拓展】existencen.存在，实在e.g.Whendidthisworldcomeintoexistence?这世界是何时形成的？考点2.gentleadj.温和的，文雅的【例题】e.g.Hewasagentle,patientmanwholovedplayingwithhisgrandchildren.他这个人既随和又有耐心，喜欢跟孙子孙女一起玩。【拓展】【知识拓展】gentlenessn.温顺，亲切，柔和gentlyadv.轻轻地，逐渐地考点3.harmfuladj.有害的【反义】harmlessadj.无害的【例句】e.g.Thenewdrughasnoharmfulside-effects.这种新药物没有副作用。e.g.Theirdogseemsfierce,buthe'sharmless.他们家的那条狗看上去很凶，但不会伤人。【拓展】【友情提示】像harmful与harmless这样的形容词还有：useful-useless,helpful-helpless,careful-careless等。考点4.fierceadj.凶猛的【例句】e.g.Thetigerisafierceanimal.老虎是一种很凶残的动物。Thefamousboxerkilledafiercewolfwithhisbarehands.那位著名的拳击师赤手空拳打死了一只凶猛的狼。【拓展】【知识拓展】fiercelyadv.猛烈地，厉害地e.g.Typhoonsblewfiercely.台风猛烈地刮着。考点5.skeletonn.骨骼，骼髅【例句】e.g.Tommyissothinthathelookslikeaskeleton.汤姆如此瘦，以致看上去瘦骨嶙峋。Alongillnessmadeaskeletonoutofhim.长期的疾病使他骨瘦如柴。【拓展】【知识拓展】bereducedtoaskeleton瘦得皮包骨beworntoaskeleton瘦得像骷髅familyskeleton家丑，见不得人的事awalkingskeleton骨瘦如柴的人考点6.possibleadj.可能的；可能属实的【例句】e.g.I'llhelpyouifpossible.可能的话，我会帮助你的。Isitpossibletogettothecitybytrain,ormustItakeabus?有可能坐火车到这个城市去吗？或者我是不是必须坐公共汽车？【拓展】【常用搭配】as...aspossible尽可能……；doone'spossible尽力，竭力；ifpossible如果可能的话e.g.Comeasearlyaspossible.尽可能早来。考点7.createv.创造【例句】e.g.Thecompanyhascreatedanewkindofengine.这个公司创造了一种新型引擎。We'vecreatedabeautifulnewhousefromanoldruin.我们把旧屋重建成一栋美丽的新房子。【拓展】【知识拓展】creationn.创造；创作creatorn.创造者；设计者creativeadj.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的考点8.realadj.实际存在的，真实的【例句】e.g.Thatisarealcat,notatoy.那是一只真猫，不是玩具猫。Thatoldwoman'sarealdragon!那老妇人确实是个凶恶的家伙！【拓展】【指点迷津】(1)real暗指某事物是真实的或货真价实的，或指看上去或宣称与事实吻合的东西。e.g.Don’tlosethebracelet；it'smadeofrealgold.别把手镯丢了，那是真金做的。(2)true暗指与事实、现实或事物的真实状态相一致。e.g.He’syourfather.It'strue.他是你父亲。这是真的。考点9.本单元重点词组lookup查阅morethan超过;多于millionsof数百万的assmallaschickens小如鸡some…,others…一些……,另一些……knowabout知道;了解amusementpark游乐园DisneylandPark迪斯尼乐园becreatedby由……创造befamousfor由……而著名thewaytobehappy快乐的方法throwaway扔掉;抛弃ownasfewthingsaspossible拥有尽可能少的东西dieout灭绝；消失seesomebodydoingsomething看见某人正在做某事leave…behind遗留dieof死于…语法精讲——可数名词和不可数名词语法重难点规则变化=1\*GB3①一般名词后面加smonth-months,bird-birds=2\*GB3②以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词，后面加esclass-classes，box-boxes，match-matches=3\*GB3③以o结尾的名词，有的加es（有生命的）有的加s（无生命的）hero-heroes，tomato-tomatoes，potato-potatoesradio-radios，zoo-zoos，bamboo-bamboos，piano-pianos，photo-photos=4\*GB3④以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加escity-cities，country-countries，party-parties，factory-factories=5\*GB3⑤以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v再加esknife-knives，wolf-wolves，scarf-scarves例外：roof-roofs,chief-chiefs不规则变化单复数同形sheep，fish，deer，Chinese，Japanese变内部元音man-men，tooth-teeth，mouse-mice，foot-feet，goose-geese其他形式child-childrenman与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时，两者都要改为复数twowomendoctors，tenmendrivers（1）单数变复数记忆口诀：单数变为复数式，后加s统言之。有些名词须注意，要加s先加e。尾音/s,z,N/和/tN/，还有辅音加o时。辅音加y变ie,f结尾改ve。少数名词不规则，男女脚牙鹅孩子，日本绵羊中国鱼，特殊变化要硬记。（2）巧记以o,f(fe)结尾的名词变复数两则①Negroeseatpotatoes,heroeseattomatoes.黑人吃土豆，英雄吃番茄。②Thewivesofthievescutthewolvesintohalveswithknives,andcoveredthemwithleavesbehindshelves.小偷的妻子用刀把狼宰成几半，然后用树叶将其盖在了书架后面。（3）巧记各国人的单、复数变化口诀：中日不变，英法a、e变，其他s加后边不可数名词的量化表达法不可数名词前面不能加不定冠词，也没有复数形式。表示数量时，须在不可数名词前加量词。a__________offurniture一件家具 two__________ofbread两条面包twobarsofchocolate两条巧克力 four__________ofink四瓶墨水sixtinsofmeat六听肉 ajarofhoney一罐蜂蜜【答案】piece loaves bottles名词的数量表达只修饰可数名词只修饰不可数名词可数、不可数名词均可修饰基数词（a）few/fewer/toofew（a）little/less/toolittleall,enough,none,mostacoupleof,many(not)toomanymuch,toomuch,(not)toomuchmore,some,any,enoughhundredsof,thousandsof,millionsof,billionsof,severalabitof,bitsofalotof,lotsof,massesofdozensof,scoresofagreatdealofplenty/piles/heapsofa(great/large)numberofmanya,agreat/goodmanyalargeamountof,anamountoflarge/hugeamountsoflargequantitiesofalargequantityof注意：fish表示鱼肉时为不可数名词，表示几条鱼时复数为fish，表示几种鱼时复数为fishes。Helpyourselvestosomefish,mychildren.Thereareallkindsoffishesatthemarket.有些名词只能用作复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：people,police,clothes,Chinese,Japanese。其中有些如glasses,trousers,scissors可用量词来修饰，这时动词形式由量词的单复数来决定。Thispairofglassescosts180yuan.3.maths,news,physics等名词虽以-s结尾，却具有单数的含义。Physicsisveryinteresting.Thereisalotofgoodnewsintoday’snewspaper.有些名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词。（1）chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡 （2）exercise锻炼exercises练习（3）chocolate巧克力块chocolates巧克力糖 （4）__________时间__________次数)（5）_________经验__________经历 （6）__________木头__________树林（7）glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯 （8）__________纸__________试卷，论文（9）_________空间__________房间 （10）_________工作__________作品【答案】4)time times 5)experience experiences 6)wood woods paper papers 9)room rooms 10)work works根据音标写单词8AU5Vocabulary序号英文音标词性中文1['æfrɪkə]n.非洲2[ˈjʊərəp]n.欧洲3[fɪəs]adj.凶猛的4[ɪnˌsaɪklə'pi:dɪə]n.百科全书5[ˈdaɪnəsɔ:(r)]n.恐龙6[ɪgˈzɪst]v.存在7[ˈi:vn]adv.甚至8[ˈhɑ:mfl]adj.有害的9[daiaut]灭绝10[ˈskelɪtn]n.骨骼11[ˈfʊtprɪnt]n.脚印12[ˈθɪŋkə(r)]n.思想家13[ɡri:s]n.希腊14[æzsu:næzˈpɔsəbl]尽快15[dʒɑ:(r)]n.坛子16[ˌəˈmju:zməntpɑ:k]游乐场17[kriˈeɪt]v.创造18[ˈkærəktə(r)]n.人物19[waɪl]conj.同时20[kɔ:z]v.使发生21[dɪˈzi:z]n.疾病22[ˈgʌvənmənt]n.政府23[rɪˈpeə(r)]v.修理24[fi:]n.费用25[ˈdʒɜ:ni]n.长途旅行【答案】1.Africa 2.Europe 3.fierce 4.encyclopedia 5.dinosaur 6.existeven 8.harmful 9.dieout 10.skeleton 11.footprint 12.thinkerGreece 14.assoonaspossible 15.jar 16.amusementpark 17.createcharacter 19.while 20.cause 21.disease 22.government 23.repair24.fee 25.journey词汇复习（1）8AU5词性转换整理1n.非洲n.非洲人adj.非洲的【答案】Africa African2n.欧洲n.欧洲人adj.欧洲的【答案】Europe European3n.希腊n.希腊人adj.希腊人的【答案】Greece Greek3v.伤害n.伤害adj.有害的adj.无害的【答案】harm harmful harmless4v.创造adj.有创造力的n.创造n.创造力【答案】create creative creation creativity5adj.真实的，实际上adv.实际上，事实上v.意识到；实现【答案】real really realize6v.存在n.存在【答案】exist existence根据中文写出相应的英文1. though conj. 虽然，尽管，即使E.g. 1) Ifeltverycold,________（虽然）Iwaswearingathickcoat.__________（尽管）shewasinahurry,shestoppedtotalktome.【答案】1)though 2）Though2. create v. 创造，创建E.g. 1) SomepeoplebelieveGod__________（创造）theworld.Whowasthe___________（创造者）oftheelectric?Mybrotherisa___________（有创造力的）boybecauseheisalwaysmakessomestrangethings.【答案】1)created 2)creator 3)creative3. exist v. 存在E.g. 1) Theoldlady_________（生存）onlyoncoffeeandbread.Suchanidea_________（存在于……之中）only__________themindsofpoets.She__________（靠……生存）only__________milk.【答案】1)exists 2)exists,in 3)existed,on4. even adv. 甚至E.g. 1) ___________（甚至）MrsSmithcouldnothelplaughing.Thisdictionaryis__________________________（更有用）thanthatone.Ihaveexplainedeverything,but_________（甚至）nowshedoesn’tunderstand.【答案】1)Even 2)evenmoreuseful 3)even5. harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的E.g. 1) Thenewdrughasno___________（有害的）sideeffects.Theirdogseemsfierce,buthe’s___________（无害的）.Theflood_____________________________________________（严重损坏）tothecrops.【答案】1)harmful 2)harmless 3)didalotofharm6. nobody pron. 没有人E.g. 1) Therewas___________（没有人）athome.2) ____________（一点也没有）ofthefoodwasleft.【答案】1)nobody 2)None7. while conj. 与……同时E.g. 1) Thetelephonerang___________（当……的时候）Iwashavingashower.2) Ilistentotheradio___________（同时）I’meatingmybreakfast.3) ____________（当……时）hewaseating,Iaskedhimtolendme20yuan.【答案】1)while 2)while 3)While8. cause v./n. 引导，导致，原因E.g. 1) Thefire_____________________________（由……引起）acigaretteend.2) Baddrivingisthe___________（原因）ofmostroadaccidents.【答案】1)wascausedby 2)cause9. believe v. 相信E.g. 1) Longago,people__________（相信）thatEarthwasflat.He____________________（相信）gettingplentyofexercise._____________________（相信我）,youwillgetwellverysoon.【答案】1)believed 2)believesin 3)BelievemeKeyphrasesandsentences.1.Theywerefiercerthantigersandatemeat.它们比老虎凶猛并食肉。"be动词+比较级十than”这是形容词比较级的一种表达方式，要注意单音节词和一部分双音节词的比较级加-er构成。e.g.Mysisteristallerthanme.我姐比我高点。2.Nobodyknowswhy.没人知道这是为什么。Nobodypron.“没有人，无人，谁也不”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。e.g.Thereisnobodyintheroom.屋里没有人。Nobodyknows.谁也不知道。【友情提示】：nobody因本身含有否定意义，在作主语时，其谓语动词用肯定式。nobody的反义词是somebody。e.g.Somebodyiswaitingforyou有人在等你。nobody为不定代词，不定代词后跟动词的单数形式。如：everybody,somebody,anybody和everythingsomething,anything,nothing等。e.g.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyclock.我的钟坏了。3.Hetaughtthatthewaytobehappywastoownasfewthingsaspossible.他提倡快乐的方法就是拥有尽可能少的东西。(1)thewaytobehappywastoownasfewthingsaspossible中用动词不定式引导的词组来作表语，as…aspossible尽可能地。(2)表示两者程度一样，可以使用as...as的句型。句中的形容词或副词不用比较级，要用原级。e.g.MycousinisastallasIam.我堂兄和我一样高。JennydancesasbeautifullyasAlice.说到跳舞，詹妮与艾丽斯跳得一样优美。TomisascleverasJack.汤姆和杰克一样聪明。Herunsasfastashisfather.他跑步跟他父亲一样快。【知识拓展】如果表示甲在某一方面不如乙时，用“notas/so+形容词／副词+as"句型。e.g.Itisnotas/sowarmtodayasyesterday.今天不如昨天暖和。Hedidnotcomeas/soearlyasWangLin.他没有王林来得早。4.Oneday,Diogenessawaboydrinkingwaterfromhishandsbyafountain.一天，第欧根尼看见一个男孩在喷水池边用手捧着水喝。seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事e.g.Isawthestudentsplayingbasketballontheplayground.我看到那些学生正在操场上打篮球。【友情提示】seesb.doing强调“看见某人正在做某事”，表示动作正在进行中，侧重当时的情况；seesb.do表示“看见某人做了某事”，强调做完了或做过，侧重动作的全过程。e.g.Isawthemanrunningonthestreet.我看见那人正在街上跑。Isawamanrunintothehouse.我看见一个人跑进宅子里去了。和see用法相似的词还有hear,notice,watch,observe等。5.DisneylandwascreatedbyWaltDisney...迪斯尼乐园是由沃特·迪斯尼创建的……这是被动语态的一种表达。汉语一般意为“由……”“被……”。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，主语和谓语动词之间逻辑上是动宾关系。被动语态谓语动词的基本结构是：be+及物动词的过去分词。被动语态用于我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或强调动作的承受者的句子中。被动语态和主动语态一样也有各种时态。一般现在时结构：is(are)+及物动词的过去分词;一般过去时结构：was(were)+及物动词的过去分词；一般将来时结构：willbe+及物动词的过去分词;现在进行时结构：am(is,are)+being+及物动词的过去分词。e.g.ColourTVsaremadeinthatfactory.那个工厂制造彩色电视机。Englishisspokenallovertheworld.全世界都讲英语。Theworkersweremadetoworktwelvehoursaday.工人们一天被迫工作12个小时。6.Afterleavingschool,hesold…离开学校后，他卖……after可以作介词，介词后的动词要加-ing，整个介词短语在句中作时间状语本句可改为：Afterheleftschool,hesold...(after此处作连词，引导一个时间状语从句)7.Finallyhegotajobthathereallyliked--drawingcartoonsforfilms.终于他找到了一项他确实喜欢的工作——为电影画卡通。Allheownedwasabigjarthathelivedin他拥有的一切就是他住的大罐子……这两句都是复合句。第一句拥有一个定语从句，第二句拥有两个定语从句。定语从句：用一个句子修饰一个名词或代词就称为定语从句。引导词表示人用who，表示物用which,that既可表示人，又可表示物。e.g.ThisisthebookthatIbought.这就是我买的那本书。Themanwhowearsapairofglassesisournewteacher.戴眼镜的那个人是我们的新老师。Practice

Practice一、阅读单选PeopleoftenthinkoftheNorthPole(北极)andtheSouthPoleassimilarfrozen(冰冻的)wastelands.Theyarebothplaceswithverycoldtemperaturesandfewpeoplelivethere.However,theNorthandSouthPolesarenotmuchalikeaspeoplemayimagine.TheNorthPolehasnoland,onlythickice.Temperaturesseldomgoabove32°F,atwhichwaterturnsintoice.Mostofthetime,itstaysbelowzero.Inwintertemperaturesareusuallyaslowas-30°F.Althoughconditionswereverypoor,peopletriedformanycenturiestoreachtheNorthPole.About100yearsago,twomen,RobertPearyandMathewHenson,wereabletogettothisenvironmentfulloftroublesanddifficulties.TheyreachedtheNorthPoleonMarch8th,1909.Itwasreallyahardtripforthem.TherearefewthingsmoredangerousthancrossingtheArctic(北极圈)onfoot.Peoplewhostayedtheremayfacemanyproblems:verycoldtemperatures,suddenstorms,andevenhunger.Mostoftheareaisuninhabited.Fewpeoplecanliveinsuchadifficultplace.Peoplemightthinkthatwithsuchlowtemperaturesformostoftheyear,theicewouldbethickandhard.However,thisisnottrueintheArctic.Themovementoftheoceanwaterundertheicemayoftencausemanydifferentchangesonthesurface.Sometimestheicebreaksintotwoopeninglanesofwater(水道)called“leads”.Anyonewhofallsintoaleadcanbefrozentodeathinafewminutes.1．Thispassageisprobablyfrom________.A．abookreview B．acomputermagazine C．aschoolreport D．asciencebook2．Accordingtothepassage,whathappenedabout100yearsago?A．TwomensucceededingettingtotheNorthPole.B．TemperaturesintheNorthPolewentabove32°F.C．TheenvironmentintheNorthPolesuddenlybecameworse.D．TheNorthPolechangedintothickicebecauseofthetemperatures.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“uninhabited”probablymeaninChinese?A．气候恶劣的 B．充满危险的 C．困难重重的 D．无人居住的4．WhatproblemswillpeoplefacewhencrossingtheArctic?①lowtemperatures

②withoutwater

③suddenstorms④hunger

⑤themovementoftheoceanwaterA．①②③④⑤ B．①③④⑤ C．①②④⑤ D．②③④⑤5．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A．ThethickiceintheNorthPole.B．AdifficulttriptotheNorthPole.C．TherealsituationintheNorthPole.D．ThedifferencesbetweentheNorthPoleandtheSouthPole.【答案】1．D2．A3．D4．B5．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北极的相关内容。1．信息来源题。根据“However,theNorthandSouthPolesarenotmuchalikeaspeoplemayimagine.”可知，南北极并不像人们想象的那样相似，结合下文主要介绍了北极相关内容，所以文章属于自然科普类。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据“About100yearsago,twomen...TheyreachedtheNorthPoleonMarch8th,1909.”可知，大约100年前，两个人成功地到达了北极。故选A。3．词义猜测题。根据“Mostoftheareaisuninhabited.Fewpeoplecanliveinsuchadifficultplace.”可知，很少有人生活在这么艰难困苦的地方，所以说大部分的区域都是无人居住的。故选D。4．细节理解题。根据“Peoplewhostayedtheremayfacemanyproblems:verycoldtemperatures,suddenstorms,andevenhunger;Themovementoftheoceanwaterundertheicemayoftencausemanydifferentchangesonthesurface.”可知，人们在北极需要面对的问题有：寒冷的气温、突如其来的风暴、饥饿和海水在冰下的运动。题干①③④⑤符合原文内容，故选B。5．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段可知，北极没有陆地，只有厚厚的冰，温度常年在零度以下，接下来文章又介绍了人类穿越北极以及北极的危险等，所以全文旨在讲述“北极的真实情况”。故选C。二、完形填空请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。Lastmonth,ItookmysonTomtoseehisgrandparents.Itwashisfirsttimethere,sohewasexcitedand6everything.Duringlunch,Tomshouted,“Dad,Isawahen7.”“It’s8!”Isaid.“Howcanahenfly?”“Dad,intheyard,thedogranafterthehen.9,thehenwasforcedtoacorner.Whentherewasnowayout,sheflewuptothewall.Howdidthehenfly?”“Maybebecauseof10.Thehenlovesherownlife.”Ianswered.Lastweekend,we11Tom’sgrandparentsagain.Thistime,IheardTom’svoicefromtheyard,“Dad!Thedogisrunningafterthehenagain!”Iranoutofthehouse.Thehenrantoagroupofchicken,withthedogbehindher.Suddenly,shestopped,turnedaroundandfacedthedog12.I13astone,threwitatthedoganddroveitaway.“Dad,whydidn’tthehenflyaway?Sheknowsshecan’t14thedog,”askedTom.Ithoughtforawhileandsaid,“Maybebecauseoflove,theloveforher15morethanherself.”Tomthoughtforalongtimeandnodded.Heunderstoodthatlovehadmagicpower.6．A．worriedabout B．afraidof C．interestedin D．pleasedwith7．A．dancing B．singing C．swimming D．flying8．A．terrible B．impossible C．easy D．usual9．A．Happily B．Finally C．Luckily D．Carelessly10．A．health B．luck C．love D．fun11．A．treated B．called C．helped D．visited12．A．angrily B．safely C．lazily D．hopefully13．A．lookedat B．pointedat C．pickedup D．lookedfor14．A．beat B．follow C．protect D．refuse15．A．partner B．life C．owner D．children【答案】6．C7．D8．B9．B10．C11．D12．A13．C14．A15．D【导语】本文叙述了母鸡为了爱，在两次被狗追赶时，做出了不同寻常的动作。6．句意：这是他第一次去那里，所以他对一切都到兴奋和有兴趣。worriedabout担心；afraidof害怕；interestedin感兴趣；pleasedwith对……高兴。根据“Itwashisfirsttimethere,sohewasexcited...”可知他对一切都感兴趣。故选C。7．句意：我看见一只母鸡在飞。dancing跳舞；singing唱歌；swimming游泳；flying飞。根据下文“Howcanahenfly?”可知此处指母鸡在飞。故选D。8．句意：这是不可能的。terrible可怕的；impossible不可能的；easy容易的；usual平常的。根据下一句“Howcanahenfly?”可知此处指“母鸡会飞”这件事是不可能的。故选B。9．句意：最后母鸡被逼到了墙角。Happily快乐地；Finally最后；Luckily幸运地；Carelessly粗心地。根据“intheyard,thedogranafterthehen.”可知狗在院子里追母鸡，院子空间有限，最后把母鸡逼到了墙角。故选B。10．句意：也许因为爱。health健康；luck幸运；love喜爱；fun有趣。根据下一句“Thehenlovesherownlife.”可知此处指母鸡爱惜自己的生命。故选C。11．句意：上个周末，我们又去看望汤姆的爷爷奶奶。treated对待；called打电话；helped帮助；visited拜访。根据“Thistime,IheardTom’svoicefromtheyard,”可知爸爸带着汤姆又来到了爷爷奶奶家。故选D。12．句意：她突然停了下来，转过身来，愤怒地面对着那条狗。angrily生气地；safely安全地；lazily懒惰地；hopefully满怀希望地。根据“Thehenrantoagroupofchicken,withthedogbehindher.”可知母鸡跑去保护她的孩子，对正在追赶的狗应该是很愤怒。故选A。

13．句意：我拾起一块石头向狗扔去，把狗赶跑了。lookedat看……；pointedat指向……；pickedup拾起；lookedfor寻找。根据“threwitatthedoganddroveitaway”可知此处指捡起了石头扔向了狗。故选C。14．句意：她知道她不能打败那条狗。beat打败；follow跟随；protect保护；refuse拒绝。结合题干可知汤姆感到困惑，因为这次母鸡没有飞，但她知道她不能打败那条狗，所以才问爸爸。故选A。15．句意：也许是因为爱，对孩子的爱胜过对自己的爱。partner伙伴；life生活；owner主人；children孩子们。根据上文“Thehenrantoagroupofchicken”可知此处指母鸡对孩子的爱。故选D。三、短文首字母填空根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。Environmentalprotectionisimportantforthehealthofourearth.Weneedtor16howouractionsinfluencetheenvironment.Inourdailylife,plentyofwasteweproduceisabigproblem.Wecanr17wastebychoosingtobuyproductswithl18packaging(包装)andtorecycleitemsproperly.S19rubbishintodifferentcategories,suchasplastic,paper,andglass,canalsobeagreathelp.Moreover,wed20onnaturalresourcesforourdailyneeds,suchaswater,air,andfood.Itisimportanttosaveresourcesbyusingthemw21.Forexample,turningoffthetapw22brushingourteethcansavewater,andturningofflightswhenleavingaroomcansaveelectricity.Finally,wemustalsothinkaboutther23ofourchoicesfortheenvironment.Choosingtousepublictransportationorcarpooling(共乘一辆车)insteadofdrivinga24canreduceairpollution.PlantingtreescanalsohelptakeinCO2andi25airquality.Bytakingthesesteps,wecanhelpprotecttheenvironmentandmakeabetterfuture.【答案】16．(r)ealize/(r)ealise17．(r)educe18．(l)ess/(l)ittle19．(S)eparating20．(d)epend21．(w)isely22．(w)hile/(w)hen23．(r)esult/(r)esults24．(a)lone25．(i)mprove【导语】本文讲述人们在日常生活中要如何明智地使用资源来节省资源、保护环境。16．句意：我们需要认识到我们的行为是如何影响环境的。根据“Environmentalprotectionisimportantforthehealthofourearth.”可知此处指“我们需要认识到我们的行为对环境的影响”；realize/realise“认识到”，needtodosth“需要做某事”，填动词原形。故填(r)ealize/(r)ealise。17．句意：我们可以通过选择购买包装（较）少的产品和适当回收物品来减少浪费。根据下文“bychoosingtobuyproductswithless/littlepackagingandtorecycleitemsproperly.”可知此处指“通过选择购买包装（较）少的产品和适当回收物品来减少浪费”；reduce“减少”，情态动词后接动词原形。故填(r)educe。18．句意：我们可以通过选择购买包装（较）少的产品和适当回收物品来减少浪费。下文“andtorecycleitemsproperly”；根据and表相承的关系，可知此处指“选择购买包装（较）少的产品和适当回收物品来减少浪费”；修饰不可数名词用less“较少的”/little“少的”。故填(l)ess/(l)ittle。19．句意：将垃圾分为不同的类别，如塑料、纸张和玻璃，也会有很大的帮助。根据下文“…suchasplastic,paper,andglass,”可知此处指“将垃圾分为不同的类别”；separate“分类”，填动名词作主语。故填(S)eparating。20．句意：此外，我们的日常需求依赖自然资源，如水、空气和食物。根据下文“…suchaswater,air,andfood.”可知此处指“日常需求依赖水、空气和食物等自然资源”；dependon“依靠……”；句子陈述客观的事实，用一般现在时，主语we，谓语动词用原形。故填(d)epend。21．句意：通过明智地使用资源来节省资源是很重要的。根据下文“Forexample,turningoffthetap…andturningofflights”可知此处指“明智地使用资源来节省资源”；填副词wisely“明智地”修饰动词。故填(w)isely。22．句意：例如，刷牙时关上水龙头可以节水，离开房间时关灯可以省电。根据下文“andturningofflightswhenleavingaroomcansaveelectricity.”可知刷牙时关上水龙头可以节水，when/while“当……时候”。故填(w)hile/(w)hen。23．句意：最后，我们还必须考虑到我们为了环境所做的选择的结果。根据下文“Choosingtousepublictransportationorcarpooling…Plantingtrees…”可知此处指“我们为了环境所做的选择的结果”；result(s)“结果”，可用复数形式表泛指。故填(r)esult(s)。24．句意：选择使用公共交通工具或拼车而不是独自开车可以减少空气污染。根据“canreduceairpollution”可知此处指“不要独自开车”；alone“独自地”。故填(a)lone。25．句意：植树还有助于吸收二氧化碳，改善空气质量。根据“Plantingtrees”可知此处指“植树可以改善空气质量”；improve“改善”，情态动词后接动词原形。故填(i)mprove。四、阅读回答问题阅读下列短文，根据短文中的信息回答问题。（每个回答不超过10个词）GiantpandaYaYareturnedtoherhomeinBeijingZooearlyonMondayafterspending20yearsintheUnitedStatesaccordingtotheNationalForestryandGrasslandAdministration.YaYawillnotbeonshowtothepublicforthetimebeingasthe23-year-oldpandaneedstorestandadapt(适应)tohernewenvironment.Thezoowillperiodicallyreleaseupdates(定期发布信息)onYaYaonitsofficialWeiboaccount.OnApril27,YaYaarrivedinShanghaiandwasquarantined(隔离)foramonthbeforemovingtoBeijing,the