WeleUnitDiscoveringUsefulStructures课件高中英语人教版22

WELCOMEUNITDiscoveringusefulstructureLeadinvocabularyIflanguageislikeatree,whatcangrammarbeandwhatcanvocabularybe?grammarwithoutvocabularywithoutgrammar××LeadinThat’swhyweneedtolearnbothvocabularyandgrammar.meaning?Part

1

ThecomponentsofEnglishsentence英语句子成分Review初中知识回顾:英语中的词类、句子成分

Partsofspeech

10大英语词类名词

n（noun）冠词

art（article)：数词

num（numeral）代词

pron(pronoun)

连词

conj(conjuction）动词

v(verb)形容词

adj(adjective)

副词adv（adverb）介词prep(preposition)感叹词int(interjection)Components8大英语句子成分：顺口溜：主谓宾

定状补

表同位1.主语：动作的发出者

I

eatapples2.谓语：主语的动作或状态

leatapples.3.宾语：动作的承受者

leatapples.4.定语：修饰宾语或主语

leatredapples.5.状语：修饰谓语动词

leatapplesquickly.6.宾语补足语：对宾语进行补充说明Iaskedyou

toeattheapple.7.表语：描述主语的特征（系动词后).

Theappleisred.8.同位语:对主语、宾语等进一步解释说明You,mystudents,likeeatingapples.Toseeistobelieve.Whathehassaidistrue.TVnewsoftengivesuslotsofinformation.Cyclingandboatingaremyfavoritefreetimeinterests.主语：句子的主体；谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由“谁”发出。Itdrivesmemadtoteachher.It’sapitythatyoumissedtheexcitingfootballmatch.注意：主语一般位于句首，但若不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作主语，常用it作形式主语，则把真正的主语放在句后。主语即学即练找出下列句子的主语。Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.

Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Runningisgoodforourhealth.

Tostudyhardisyourduty.

Shelikesdancing.

WhatIwantissomeapples.主语可以用下面这些词类表示：1.Thesunrisesintheeast.（）2.Helikesdancing.（）3.Twowillbeenough.()4.Seeingisbelieving.（）6.Toseeistobelieve.（）名词代词数词v-ing不定式在“Therebe…”句型中，主语的位置在be动词之后。Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.Thereisaduckinthelake.形式主语（形式上的主语）和真正主语（真正的主语）

原因：常用作形式主语的是代词it。当主语过长时，可以先用代词it作为形式上的主语，而把真正的主语放在句子尾部，避免句子“头重脚轻”，影响平衡美感。例1：动词不定式短语作主语参照：Togettoschoolusuallytakesmethirtyminutes.例句：Itusuallytakesmethirtyminutestogettoschool.例2：主语从句作主语参照：Thatwehavetoworkmorethantenhourseveryday

isafact.例句：It

isafactthatwehavetoworkmorethantenhourseveryday.例3：动名词短语作主语参照：Pretendingtoworkhardinfrontofothers

isnogoodforoneself.例句：It

isnogoodforoneselfpretendingtoworkhardinfrontofothers.谓语：表示主语的行为或状态；是英语句子的灵魂、核心。一般在主语之后。谓语中最重要的是谓语动词(通常由实义动词充当)，它有时态，语态的变化，并受主语人称和数的影响。简单谓语：由动词或动词词组组成Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Tomlooksforwardto

meetingthenewexchangestudent.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词组成HecanspeakEnglishwell.Iwillreturnyouthebooktomorrow.谓语实义动词有实在意义并能独立作谓语。助动词本身没有意义，不单独作谓语，协助主要动词构成谓语。情态动词有一定词义，不能单独作谓语，后加动词原形。系动词有词义，但不能独立做谓语，必须和表语构成主系表结构。动词的分类behavedowillcanmustmayneedshallreadeatdrinkamkeepstaysoundbecome谓语在哪里They

can

speak

English

well.He

looked

after

two

boys.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.We

have

finished

reading

this

book.宾语：动作的承受者，表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者。宾语一般位于及物动词和介词之后。Thechildrenareflyingkites.Doyoumindpassingmethedictionary？Shedidn'tsayanything.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?宾语SomestudentsfinditdifficulttostudyEnglish.Mostofusthink

it

nousearguingwithher.注意：不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作宾语，常用it作形式宾语，则把真正的宾语放在句后。宾语分为直接宾语(DO)和间接宾语(IO)，指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语，合称双宾语。1.Hegaveme

someink.

间宾

直宾2.Ourteachertoldus

aninterestingstory.

间宾

直宾常借助介词to的常用动词teach/tellsb.sth=teach/tellsth.tosb.take/bring/givesb.sth=take/bring/givesthtosb.Show/

send/writesb.sth.=show/send/writesth.tosb.

常借助介词for的常用动词buysb.sth=buysth.forsb.lendsb.sth.（借）=lendsth.forsb.makesb.sth=makesth.forsb.双宾语易位VS宾语在哪里

Mybrother

hasn’t

donehishomework.

Youmustpaygood

attentiontoyour

pronunciation.

Shelivedahappylife.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.Shebroughtmeagift.说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”，位于系动词之后。表语(P)Hermotherisateacher.Thefoodtastesdelicious.What'sthedifferencebetweenpredictiveandobject?

表语：描述主语的特征，用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等，位于系动词后。Theflowersmells

sweet.Myhobbyis

collectingstamps.Englishis

bothusefulandimportant.Thatis

whyhedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.表语系动词：起连接主语和表语作用，本身有一定词义，它和实义动词一样有时态变化，也受主语人称和数的影响。状态beThedoctorareverypatient.持续keep,remain,stay,Healwayskeptsilent.像seem,appear,lookHeseems(tobe)verysad.感官feel,smell,sound,tasteThiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.变化become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,runShegrewrichwithinashorttime.终止prove,turnoutHisplanturnedoutasuccess.连系动词（Link-verb）ＳＶ（是系动词）Ｐ(表语)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisface

issmells(闻)felllooksisisbecameturnedanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.即学即练找出下列句子的表语。Theproblemremainstobesettled.Youlookyoungerthanbefore.Myfatherisateacher.Theyareatthetheatre.Everythinglooksdifferent.Herjobistrainingthenurses.宾语补足语：用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态。Wesawhimplaysoccer.Theymade

hertheir

monitor.Mymotheralwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselflyinginthestreet.常见接宾语补足语的动词：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.宾语补足语ObjectComplement宾补与双宾语的区别是什么呢？ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（宾语）Ｃ（宾补）1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsaw

thetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethem

clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.

Hewasseentogoupstairs.Hecamehomeoutofhumour.Tiredandsleepy,Iwenttobed.Startingasastreetvender,heisnowamanagerofafamouscompany.

主语补足语：对主语进行补充说明。主语补足语SubjectComplement

修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等。状语

AdverbialThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachines.Hesatthere

quietly.修饰动词The

dog

walkedslowlyalongthestreet(沿着街).Sheswimsverywell.状语（程度）修饰形容词He

was

very

serious,butextremelyboring.

Heisoldenoughtodecideforhimself.

修饰副词

He

runs

very

fast.

修饰句子Fortunately,thedriverescapedthedanger.

Thedriverescapedthedanger,fortunately.

即学即练找出下列句子的状语。Iwaitedtoseeyou.I'mverypleasedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.定语（adjective）用来修饰名词或代词，说明名词或代词的品质与特征。由形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、介词短语、不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词、从句等或相当于形容词的词或短语充当。·Sheisanindustrialdesigner.她是一名工业设计师。（形容词）·WewenttoalectureonItalianart.我们去参加了一个关于意大利艺术的讲座。（介词短语）·ThefemaledesignerwhoisfromtheUSAmadeadeepimpressiononus.这位来自美国的女性设计师给我们留下了深刻的印象。（定语从句）·Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.他们正在院子里清扫落叶。（过去分词）Thecarthatisparkedoutsideismine.There

are

somanyfallen

leavesthereOurcountry

is

adeveloping

country.Thebuilding

beingbuilt

willbe

ourclassroom.Thesuggestion

senttothecommitee

wasadopted.Doyouknow

theman

whoisstandingnexttoMrGreen?123456指出下列划线部分的成分WeallstudyhardatEnglish.Bettylikeshernewbike.Myfatherisapoliceman.Wereyouathomelastnight?5.Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.6.Heoftenwalksinthepark.宾语谓语表语状语定语状语Part

2

ThestructuresofEnglishsentence英语基本句型结构1.常见的句子结构句子结构分三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。1、简单句(simplesentence):1个主语+n个谓语

或

n个主语和+1个谓语eg.1.He

isaboy.2.She

smiledandsaidnothing.

3.YouandI

lovedogs.在一个英语句子中，在无连词，无从句的情况下，有且只能由一个谓语动词。主谓结构：主语＋谓语Hesetoff.Thesunisrising.Thelittleboyiscrying.Theboy'sdreamcametrue.此句型中的谓语为

或不及物动词短语，故其后不能接宾语，也

被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。不及物动词没有setoff意为“出发；动身”，是不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语。2.S+Vt+O(主+谓+宾结构)1.He

bought

acomputerlastyear.

主(S)谓(V)宾(O)3.Heoftenreads

newspaperbeforebreakfast.SVO2.I

like

English.SVO注意：Vt是及物动词（能直接

接物的动词），即后面能直接加宾语或表语主谓宾结构：主语＋谓语＋宾语此句型中的谓语必须是

或及物动词短语，一般有被动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等。Iwanttohaveacupoftea.Studentshavedifferentopinions.Ourschoolwillholdasportsmeet.Thestudentshaveknowntheanswer.及物动词注意：在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能跟在介词之后；在“动词＋副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放在副词前、后皆可，而作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。PleasewakeLiLingup(＝wakeupLiLing)．(√)Pleasewakeherup.(√)Pleasewakeupher.(×)主(系)表结构：主语＋系动词＋表语Everythinglooksdifferent.Allofthemwereamazed.Theproblemremainstobesettled.Thesesuggestionsareofgreatimportance.此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子的系动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语，才能表达完整的意思。表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、动名词等。常见的系动词有：be动词感官系动词(sound,

look,

smell,

taste,

feel)变化系动词(become,

get,

grow,

turn,

go,

fall,

run)持续系动词(remain,

keep,

hold,

stay)表象系动词(seem,

appear,

look)等。4.S+Vt.+IO+DO(主+谓+双宾)1.He

gave

me

agift.

主

谓

间接宾语

直接宾语2.Mymother

bought

me

adictionaryyesterday.SVIODO3.Willyou

tell

us

somethingaboutyourschoollife?SVIODO双宾：间接宾语、直接宾语此句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语，指物的宾语称为直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词for或to。主谓宾补结构：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语Miketoldmenottogo.Thenewsmadeeveryoneofusveryhappy.Sheaskedthestudentstheirnames.WeallheardhimreadingEnglishaloud.此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。常见能够接宾补的动词有：使役动词：keep,

make,let,have,leave,get等；感官动词或短语：see,watch,notice,observe,find,catch,lookat,listento,hear,feel,smell等；后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：ask,tell,order,request,permit,persuade等。ExerciseActivity1Readthesentencesandanalysethestructures.1

The100-year-oldschool

lies

inthecentreofthecity.2

We

mustact.3

Themathshomework

lookseasy.4Theteacher

found

theclassroom

empty.SVASVSPSVOCExerciseActivity1Readthesentencesandanalysethestructures.EXAMPLE：We

laughed.SV5Mymum

bought

me

anewdictionary.6

Tom

islookingforwardto

meetingthenewexchangestudent.7

Thereis

anEnglishCorneratourschool.8

We

had

chemistry

inthenewlybuiltlab.SSVIODOTherebe...VOSVOAActivity2Readthepassageandanalysethestructuresoftheunderlinedsentences.Howwouldyouliketogotoschoolandtraveltheworldatthesametime?ForTim，thatdream

hascometrue!Thisterm，Timandhisclassmates

areliving

onaship!Theytakethesamesubjectsasyoudo，likemathsandEnglish.They

alsolearnabout

shipsandthesea.Tim

writes

hisparents

anemaileveryweekandtells

them

whathappenedontheship.Timloveslivingontheship.There’s

alwayssomethingexcitingtodo.And，afteralongdayofstudy，helikestowatchthesungodownandwaitforthestarstocomeout.Studyinganddoinghomework

seemmuchmorefunwhenyouareatsea!ExerciseSVSVASVIODOVIODOTherebe…SPSVO观察下列各组句子的画线部分作何成分，并分别说出其类别第一组（1）TheexchangestudentsarecelebratingtheChristmas._______________（2）We

areanxioustoimproveourspokenEnglish._______________（3）Toknoweverythingistoknownothing. _______________（4）Makingagoodfirstimpressionisveryimportant. _______________（5）Whyhedidsuchathingisnotclear. _______________第二组（6）Wehaverevisedthetext. _______________（7）Pleaselookafterthetwins. _______________第三组（8）

Thestudentsaretakingnotes. _______________（9）—Howmanydoyouwant?—Iwanttwo. _______________（10）I’mlookingforwardtomeetingher._______________（11）Canyoutellmewhatimpressedyoumost?_______________主语；

名词短语主语；代词主语；不定式短语主语；动名词短语主语；从句谓语；动词谓语；短语动词宾语；名词宾语；数词宾语；动名词短语宾语；从句第四组(12)AndyandIarefriends. ________________(13)Leaveshavegoneyellow.

________________(14)Mydutyistomakeourenvironmentbetter.

________________(15)Myhobbyisreading. ________________(16)That’swheretheriverjoinsthesea. ________________第五组(17)Unfortunately，Davidmissedthetrain.

________________(18)Tenyearsago，shebegantoliveinDalian.

________________(19)Seeingitsmother，thebabysmiled.

________________(20)Whenhewasaboy，JohncametoChina. ________________表语；

名词表语；

不定式短语表语；

动名词表语；

从句状语；

副词状语；

名词短语状语；

现在分词短语状语；

从句表语；

形容词第六组（21）AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.__________________（22）Ithinkthemeetingformal. __________________（23）Isawthekiteupanddown. __________________（24）Ifoundhimintrouble. __________________（25）I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting. __________________（26）Lastyear，theyheardtheirhouserebuilt. __________________第七组（27）ThepinkdressisMary’s. ________________（28）HisnameisTom. __________________（29）TheboyinblueisTom. __________________（30）Thereisnothingtodotoday. __________________（31）Thesmilingladyisverykind. __________________（32）Thebuildingdesignedbyherisbeautiful. __________________（33）Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou? __________________宾语补足语;

名词短语宾语补足语;形容词宾语补足语;副词短语宾语补足语;介词短语宾语补足语;现在分词宾语补足语;

过去分词定语;代词定语;形容词定语;介词短语定语;不定式定语

;现在分词定语;

过去分词短语定语;从句分析下列句子结构（1）Tom

wants

tomakeagoodfirstimpression.

（2）I

excitedly

found

mostofmyclassmatesandteachers

friendlyandhelpful.（3）Thisafternoon，we

had

ourchemistryclass

inthesciencelab.（4）I

didn’tfeel

awkw