北京市西城区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 含解析VIP

北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高一英语本试卷共16页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第Ⅰ卷(共75分)Ⅰ.听力理解(共三节，22.5分)第一节:(共4小题;每小题1.5分，共6分)听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。1.Howmuchwillthewomanlendtheman?A.100yuan.B.200yuan.C.300yuan.2.Whydoesn’tthewomaneatdessert?A.Becauseshecan’tgetany.B.Becauseshedoesn’tlikeit.C.Becauseshehasastomachache.3.What’sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Workmates.B.Relatives.C.Classmates.4Whichclubwillthemanprobablyjoin?A.TheBasketballClub.B.ThePaintingClub.C.TheRobotClub.第二节:(共6小题;每小题1.5分，共9分)听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anemail.B.Aproject.C.Acollege.6.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hehasmadesomenewfriends.B.Hehasalreadyfinishedthevideoproject.C.Hewantstoknowotherstudentsinthecollege.听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。7.Whatdoesthemanprefer?A.Readingrealbooks.B.Readingonhisphone.C.Readingoncomputers.8.Whatwillbethetopicoftheirspeech?A.Newwaysofreading.B.Disadvantagesofdigitalreading.C.Changesofpeople’sreadinghabits.听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。9.Whatisthemandoing?A.Offeringhelp.B.Askingforadvice.C.Makinganapology.10.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Themanisworkingfulltime.B.Themanhasdecidedtoquithisjob.C.Themanhasseenthecourseintroduction.第三节：(共5小题;每小题1.5分，共7.5分)听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。IntroductiontoEcolifeAgriculturalParkAimtogiveeducationalopportunitiestothe11toawakeninterestinplantlifetoprovidevisitorsenjoymentAreasGreenRanchWe12differentanimals.Fish13Manyofthefisharefor14.AngelGardenAwidevarietyof15aregrown.II.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1.5分，共22.5分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Nixon,59yearsold,wasbornandgrewupinSt.Petersburg.Eachmorning,hesitsonabench,watchesthesunrise,andconnectswith___1___fromallwalksoflife.Eightyearsago,hedecidedtobegineachdayfromabenchwithanimpressiveviewoftheSt.Petersburgwaterfront(圣彼得堡海滨),becauseitmadehimfeelcalmand___2___beforestartinghisday.Aboutayearlater,awomanstoppedtosayhello,andshesaidsomethingthat___3___Nixon’sviewonhisdailyvisit.Shesaid,“EverymorningwhenIseeyousittinghere,IknoweverythingisgoingtobeOK.”That’swhenNixon___4___heneededtopayattentiontothepeoplewalkingpast.Insteadofstaringstraightaheadatthewaterfront,Nixonstarted___5___atpeopleandtalkingtothem.Andprettysoon,someearlyrisersbegan___6___himonthebench,sometimessharingtheirpressureandaskinghimforadviceaboutpersonalproblems.Nomatterwhatproblemapersonwantsto___7___,Nixonlendsanear.Oneday,acouplecamebytotalkabouttheirproblems.Thehusbandwasalwaysworking.Itwasruiningtheir___8___.Nixontoldhim,“Youhavetoknowwhat’sreallyimportant.”Themanadmittedhe’dputeverythinghehadintohis___9___formanyyearsinsteadoffocusingonhisfamily.“Hestartedtocryandagreedthatheneededto____10____,”Nixonsays,“Wehuggedeachotherandbecamefriendsafterthat.”Nixonwasalwayshappytolisten,andhelistenswithout____11____andwithoutanykindofreturnexpected.“Youhavetolistenwithanopenheart,becauseyouneverknowwho’sgoingtowalkup,”Nixonsays.Heisalovingandloyal____12____tomany.Forthosewhowalkedpastthebench,theywerealways____13____withasmileandaskedhowtheyweredoing.Notopicisofflimits,butsomepeopledon’twanttotalk.Theysimplywanttositnexttosomeoneandsharethe____14____.OnceawomanstoppedandjustsatwithNixonforanhour;thenshesaidthanksandwalkedaway.Shejustwantedamomentofpeaceandtoknowshewasn’t____15____.Andatthatmoment,shetrulywasn’t.1.A.teenagers B.relatives C.strangers D.neighbors2.A.peaceful B.excited C.proud D.surprised3.A.formed B.changed C.developed D.supported4.A.agreed B.realized C.imagined D.remembered5.A.pointing B.laughing C.shouting D.smiling6.A.joining B.noticing C.leaving D.praising7.A.air B.face C.hear D.create8.A.fame B.success C.marriage D.privacy9.A.health B.hobbies C.kids D.job10.A.giveup B.calmdown C.speakup D.slowdown11.A.emotion B.consideration C.judgment D.interest12.A.guide B.teacher C.friend D.workmate13.A.hugged B.greeted C.competed D.satisfied14.A.secrets B.worries C.happiness D.silence15.A.sad B.alone C.stressed D.hopeless【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.B5.D6.A7.A8.C9.D10.D11.C12.C13.B14.D15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了59岁的Nixon每天早上坐在长椅上和路过的行人打招呼，聊天，带给了大家快乐，然后成为朋友的故事。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天早上，他坐在长椅上，看日出，与各行各业的陌生人交流。A.teenagers青少年；B.relatives亲戚；C.strangers陌生人；D.neighbors邻居。根据下文“fromallwalksoflife(来自各行各业的)”可知，这些来自各行各业的人应该只是他坐在长椅上见到的陌生人。故选C项。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：八年前，他决定每天从一张可以看到圣彼得堡海滨美景的长椅开始，因为这让他在开始一天的工作之前感到平静和安宁。A.peaceful平和的；B.excited兴奋的；C.proud自豪的；D.surprised惊讶的。根据上文“calm”可知，Nixon在开始一天的工作前坐在长椅上感受平静和安宁。故选A项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约一年后，一位女士停下来打招呼，她说了些事情，这改变了尼克松对自己的每日例行访问的看法。A.formed构成；B.changed改变；C.developed发展；D.supported支持。根据下文“That’swhenNixonrealizedheneededtopayattentiontothepeoplewalkingpast.(那个时候尼克松意识到他需要注意走过的人。)”可知，这位女士和他的互动使得他的长椅例行访问注意点发生改变，由感受这座城市转为关注行人。故选B项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个时候尼克松意识到他需要注意走过的人。A.agreed同意；B.realized意识到；C.imagined想象；D.remembered记起。根据下文“Insteadofstaringstraightaheadatthewaterfront,Nixonstartedsmilingatpeopleandtalkingtothem.(尼克松没有再盯着海滨，而是开始对人们微笑并与他们交谈。)”可知，他之所以改变自己的行为，是因为他意识到了什么。故选B项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尼克松没有再盯着海滨，而是开始对人们微笑并与他们交谈。A.pointing指出；B.laughing大笑；C.shouting大喊；D.smiling微笑。根据下文“Andprettysoon,someearlyrisersbeganjoininghimonthebench,sometimessharingtheirpressureandaskinghimforadviceaboutpersonalproblems.(很快，一些早起的人开始和他一起坐在板凳上，有时分享他们的压力，并向他请教个人问题寻求建议。)”可知，尼克斯逐渐和这些人建立起了良好关系，这说明他对他们很友好，因此可推测他朝着人们微笑。故选D项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，一些早起人开始和他一起坐在板凳上，有时分享他们的压力，并向他请教个人问题寻求建议。A.joining加入；B.noticing注意；C.leaving离开；D.praising表扬。根据下文最后一段的“Theysimplywanttositnexttosomeone(他们只是想要坐在某个人的旁边)”可知，这些人加入他的行列，坐在长椅上和他聊天。故选A项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管一个人想要公开的是什么问题，尼克松都会倾听。A.air使通风，使公开；B.face面对；C.hear听到；D.create创造。根据下文“Nixonwasalwayshappytolisten(尼克松总是很喜欢倾听)”可知，文章反复提及他愿意倾听人们诉说的各种问题，而这个前提是人们愿意向他公开。故选A项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这正在毁掉他们的婚姻。A.fame名声；B.success成功；C.marriage婚姻；D.privacy隐私。根据下文“Themanadmittedhe’dputeverythinghehadintohisjobformanyyearsinsteadoffocusingonhisfamily.(这个男人承认，多年来他把所有的精力都投入到工作中，而不是专注于家庭。)”可知，只顾工作，不管家庭，可能毁掉的应该是家庭。故选C项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个男人承认，多年来他把所有的精力都投入到工作中，而不是专注于家庭。A.health健康；B.hobbies爱好；C.kids孩子；D.job工作；根据上文“Thehusbandwasalwaysworking.(丈夫总是在工作。)”可知，这个男人把精力都投入在工作上了。故选D项。【10题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：“他开始哭，而且也赞同他需要放缓速度，”尼克松说：“我们互相拥抱，从此之后成为了朋友。”A.giveup放弃；B.calmdown冷静下来；C.speakup明确表态；D.slowdown放缓。根据上文“Thehusbandwasalwaysworking.(丈夫总是在工作。)”可知，这个男人太忙于工作了，得放缓速度，抽出时间来关注家人。故选D项。【11题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尼克松总是乐于倾听，他没有评价，也没有任何预期的回应。A.emotion情绪；B.consideration考虑；C.judgment评价；D.interest兴趣；根据下文“withoutanykindofreturnexpected(没有任何预期的回应)”可知，尼克松做的只是单纯的倾听，不评价，不从自身出发回应。故选C项。【12题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对很多人而言，他都是一个有爱的，忠诚的朋友。A.guide导游；B.teacher老师；C.friend朋友；D.workmate同事。根据上文“wehuggedeachotherandbecamefriendsafterthat.(我们互相拥抱，从此之后成为了朋友。)”可知，尼克松和这些陌生人成为了朋友。故选C项。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于那些走过长椅的人，他们总是面带微笑地打招呼，并问他们过得怎么样。A.hugged拥抱；B.greeted打招呼；C.competed竞争；D.satisfied使满意。根据下文“withasmileandaskedhowtheyweredoing(面带微笑，并问他们过得怎么样)”可知，这是尼克松和路过的行人之间的互动，打招呼和交谈。故选B项。【14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们只是想坐在某人旁边，并且共享这寂静。A.secrets秘密；B.worries担忧；C.happiness幸福；D.silence寂静。根据下文“OnceawomanstoppedandjustsatwithNixonforanhour;thenshesaidthanksandwalkedaway.(有一次，一个女人停下来，和尼克松坐了一个小时；然后她说了声谢谢就走了。)”可知，类似的情况下，两个人不说话保持沉默，那么可想而知很安静。故选D项。【15题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她只是想要片刻的平和，并且想知道她自己并不孤单。A.sad悲伤的；B.alone孤独的；C.stressed紧张的；D.hopeless不抱希望的。根据下文“Andatthatmoment,shetrulywasn’t.(那一刻，她确实不孤独。)”可知，她只是想知道自己并不孤单。故选B项。III.阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ARecreationalSportsMembershipOhioStateUniversityhassomeofthebestrecreationfacilities(设施)inthecountry.OurRecreationandPhysicalActivityCenter(RPAC)hasopenedinthepast10years,whosefacilitiesandprogramsaredesignedtofitallyourneedsandschedule.RPACMembershipRightsAmembershipisyourtickettotakeadvantageofallthefacilitiesandprograms.ClassesandprogramsGroupfitness,sportclubsandoutdooradventureprogramsareonlyavailabletocurrentRPACmembers.Youcanattendunlimitedfreegroupfitnessclassesaspartofyourmembership.Anextrapaymentwillberequiredifyoupreferpersonaltrainingclasses.GuestsandFamilyParticipationMembersmaysponsoruptotwoguestsduringavisit.AdailyguestpassisrequiredforeachguesttoenterRPAC,andmembersmustbepresentatthetimeofbuyingapass.Thepassisacceptedatallfacilitiesforunlimitedre-entriesinaone-dayperiod.RPACaimstoofferafamily-friendlyenvironment.Membersareabletoenjoyqualitytimewiththeirfamiliesfreeofchargeinavarietyoffamily-friendlyaccommodations,includingfamilychangingrooms,theLoungegameroom,andLeisurepool.LockerandTowelRentalRPACoffersfull-servicemen’sandwomen’slockerroomsfeaturinglargeandmediumsizelockers,whichcanberentedeithermonthlyoryearly.RPACtowelserviceisavailableinadditiontodaylockersatvariouslocationsthroughoutthefacility.RPACMembershipResponsibilitiesInanefforttocreateawelcomingandsafeenvironmentforallmembers,youhavetheresponsibilitytofollowthefollowingpolicies:Filmingandphotographyinthefacilitiesmustbeapprovedinadvance.Cellphonephotographyandvideoarenotpermittedinlockerrooms.Fightingandroughplayarenotpermittedinallfacilities.Shoesarerequiredinallpublicareasofallindoorfacilities,exceptforlockerroomsandswimmingpools.Allequipmentchecked-outfromRPACmustbereturnedattherequiredcheck-intime.Youmaybechargedfortheequipmentreturnedlateordamaged.PleasecontactmemberservicesifyouhaveanyotherquestionsaboutyourRPACmembership.16.WhatcanaRPACmemberdoforfree?A.EnjoyfamilytimeinLeisurepool.B.Attendpersonaltrainingclasses.C.Usealockerforawholeyear.D.Takeaguesttoallfacilities.17.Whichisoneofthemember’sresponsibilities?A.Wearingshoesinallpublicareas.B.Nocellphoneuseinlockerrooms.C.Nofilmingandphotographyinallareas.D.Returningchecked-outequipmentontime.18.Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom______.A.auniversitywebsite B.aresearchpaperC.asciencemagazine D.agovernmentreport【答案】16.A17.D18.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了俄亥俄州立大学的娱乐健身中心及其会员权利。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据“GuestsandFamilyParticipation”中第二段第二句“Membersareabletoenjoyqualitytimewiththeirfamiliesfreeofchargeinavarietyoffamily-friendlyaccommodations,includingfamilychangingrooms,theLoungegameroom,andLeisurepool.”（在我们提供的多种服务设施中，会员可以免费享受和家人的黄金时光，包括家庭更衣室，休息游戏室，休闲池。）可知，会员及家人使用休闲池是免费的。故选A项。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据“RPACMembershipResponsibilities”中第六段第一句“Allequipmentchecked-outfromRPACmustbereturnedattherequiredcheck-intime.”（所有的RPAC的退房设备必须在规定时间内归还。）可知，必须准时归还所有的设备。故选D项。【18题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句“OhioStateUniversityhassomeofthebestrecreationfacilities(设施)inthecountry.”（俄亥俄州立大学拥有一些美国最好的消遣娱乐设施）并结合文章对RPAC的介绍可知，文章主要介绍了大学的娱乐健身中心，最可能出现在大学网站上。故选A项。BAchildsciencegenius(天才)haswowedhisprofessorsandclassmatesbybecomingacollegegraduateattheageof13.ElliottTannerrecentlygraduatedfromtheUniversityofMinnesotawithabachelor’s(学士)degreeinphysics,withaminorinmathematics.Elliott’sparentsareveryproudofthehardworkanddevotionheshowedtogethisdegreeatsuchayoungageandarepleasedthathehasbecomeaninspirationtolotsofpeople.Elliott’smomsaid,“Healsoinspiresustobebetterpeopleeveryday.”Elliott’sparentsfirstrealizedtheirsonwasgiftedattheage3,whenhedisplayedamazinglanguageandmathskills.Itbecameclearthatatraditionaleducationexperiencewouldnotbeagoodfitforhim.Elliottwasthenhomeschooledbyhisparents.“Elliottendeduplearningandusinginformationquickerthanwecouldprovideit,”hismotheradded.Byage9,Elliotthadalreadycompletedmostofthenormalhighschoolcourses,andhisparentswerestrugglingtokeepupwithhim.Sotheysenthimtothelocalcommunitycollege,whereElliottreallydevelopedhispassion(热爱)forphysics.“Foralongtime,Iwantedtobeamathematician,”Elliottsaid.“ThenIwasintroducedtoaphysicsclass,andthatreallyinspiredmetolearnmoreaboutthesecretsoftheworld.”Whenhewas11yearsold,ElliottmovedtotheUniversityofMinnesotatostartstudyingphysicsandmath.Althoughhiscollegeexperienceisalittledifferentfromthatofhisclassmates,Elliottstillhangsoutwithhispeersinthestudentlounge,discussinghomework,debatingphysicstopicsorwatchingmovies.Beingwithpeoplethatarejustaspassionateaboutphysicsasheishasbeenpleasingenoughforhim.OneofthebiggestchallengesElliottandhisfamilyhavefacediscriticismonlinefrompeoplewhomakejudgmentsaboutwhathislifemustbelike.Manypeoplebelievehecan’thavemanysocialskills.However,Elliotthasalwaysenjoyedinteractingwithkidshisownage.Helovesplayingwithotherneighborhoodchildren,andjustliketheotherkids,Elliottgoestrick-or-treatingonHalloween,butinanacademicway:HedressesupasAlbertEinstein,hisfavoritescientist.ElliotthasbeenacceptedintotheUniversityofMinnesota’sPhDprogramandwillstarthisstudynextyear.Inthefuture,ElliottaimstobeaprofessorattheUniversityofMinnesotaandbecomeanexpertinphysics.“Ican’twaittogetstarted,”hesaid.19.WhatdidElliott’sparentsdowhentheyrealizedhewasgifted?A.Theysenthimtoanormalhighschool.B.Theyaskedforadvicefromuniversities.C.Theytaughthimbythemselvesathome.D.Theyhelpedhimfitintotraditionaleducation.20.WhenElliottmovedtotheUniversityofMinnesota,he______.A.discoveredhispassionforphysicsB.enjoyedstayingwithhisclassmatesC.dressedupasAlbertEinsteininclassD.refusedtoplaywithkidshisownage21.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Elliotthasfewsocialskills.B.Elliottlovesexploringtheworld.C.Elliotthasnotalentforlanguage.D.Elliotthopestobeamathematician.22.FromElliott’sstory,weknowthat______.A.physicsisthemostimportantsubjectB.childrenshouldbeeducatedathomeC.geniusesneedsupportjustaswedoD.theearlierkidsstartschool,thebetter【答案】19.C20.B21.B22.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介讲述美国神童9岁上大学，13岁被博士班录取，梦想成为理论物理学家。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Itbecameclearthatatraditionaleducationexperiencewouldnotbeagoodfitforhim.Elliottwasthenhomeschooledbyhisparents.(很明显，传统的教育经历并不适合他。埃利奥特在家里接受父母的教育。)”可知，埃利奥特的父母发现他有天赋后，他们在家自己教他。故选C。【20题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Whenhewas11yearsold,ElliottmovedtotheUniversityofMinnesotatostartstudyingphysicsandmath.Althoughhiscollegeexperienceisalittledifferentfromthatofhisclassmates,Elliottstillhangsoutwithhispeersinthestudentlounge,discussinghomework,debatingphysicstopicsorwatchingmovies.Beingwithpeoplethatarejustaspassionateaboutphysicsasheishasbeenpleasingenoughforhim.(11岁时，埃利奥特搬到明尼苏达大学开始学习物理和数学。尽管他的大学经历与他的同学们有些不同，但埃利奥特仍然和他的同学们在学生休息室闲逛，讨论作业，辩论物理话题或看电影。和他一样对物理充满热情的人在一起对他来说已经足够愉快了。)”可知，当埃利奥特搬到明尼苏达大学时，他喜欢和同学呆在一起。故选B。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“ThenIwasintroducedtoaphysicsclass,andthatreallyinspiredmetolearnmoreaboutthesecretsoftheworld.(后来我被介绍上了一门物理课，这真的激励了我去了解更多关于世界的秘密。)”可知，埃利奥特喜欢探索世界。故选B。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Elliottwasthenhomeschooledbyhisparents.(埃利奥特在家里接受父母的教育。)”和第六段“OneofthebiggestchallengesElliottandhisfamilyhavefacediscriticismonlinefrompeoplewhomakejudgmentsaboutwhathislifemustbelike.(埃利奥特和他的家人面临的最大挑战之一是网上那些对他的生活做出判断的人的批评。)”可推断，从艾略特的故事中，我们知道天才和我们一样需要家人和社会的支持。故选C。CIfyou’retiredofyourphone,you’renotalone.Peoplereceivebetweenaround60and80dailynotifications(通知)onaverage,andsomeofusmaygetasmanyas200.Theseseeminglyendlessdingsandbuzzescanreallyaffectourwellbeing.Researchhaslinkedthemtodepressionandanxiety,andtheymayevencauseproblemsassociatedwithADHD(多动症).Theseoutcomesmayresultfromthefactthatfrequentphoneinterruptionsincreaseourcognitiveload(认知负荷),ortheamountofinformationprocessedbytheworkingmemory.Weonlyhavesomuchmentalcapacity,andtheextraeffortittakestoswitchbetweentaskscanmakeustired,lessfocusedanddisrupt(扰乱)emotionalregulation.Additionally,inthisstate,weevenexperiencealessaccurateperceptionoftime—wefeeltimeispassingfasterthaninreality,whichwouldeventuallyleadustooverlookresultsandcausehurrieddecisions,forexample,buyingapriceydresswithoutthinkingitthrough.Withthefactthatcellphonenotificationscanmesswithourbrains,scientistshavesoughtoutwaystocounteracttheseeffects.Onepossiblesolution:Schedulingnotificationsintobatches(批次)thatarriveatcertaintimesofthedaywiththehelpofcertainapps.Forexample,youcouldchoosetokeepthingsquietexceptforat7am,noonand5pmtogowithwakingup,takingalunchbreakandheadinghomefromschool.Ina2019study,researchersassigned237participants(参与者)intothreegroups,includingthosewhoreceivedalltheirnotificationsthreetimesaday,hourly,ornoneatall.Thethree-times-a-daygroupsaidtheyfeltmoreproductive,attentive,inabettermoodandingreatercontroloftheirphonesthantheothertwogroups,whilethenotification-freegroupexperiencedmoreanxietyandfearofmissingout.Besides,someresearchershavearguedthatmorepersonalizeduserdesignispossible.Developersshouldpayattentiontohowpeopleinteractwiththeirdevices.Withthehelpofamachinelearningmodel,ourphonecanautomaticallylearnfromourpastbehaviorwhattypesofnotificationwewanttoreceivefirst,suchasmessagesfromrelatives.Thus,certainnotificationscanbedeliveredatsuitabletimes.Thishighlyindividualizedmethodcouldbebeneficial,butmoreindividualitymeansmorephonemonitoring,whichintroducesyetanotherproblem:Inthestruggletofreeourselvesfromtechaddiction,itisn’tclearwhethermoremonitoringisthesolution,orjustaddingmorefueltothefire.23.Whatisthepossibleresultoffrequentphonenotifications?A.Theworkingmemoryprocesseslessinformation.B.Timepassesfasterthanwhatweareusuallyusedto.C.Wetendtohavedistractionandemotionaldisruptions.D.Weweighthepossibleresultsbeforemakingdecisions.24.Whatdoweknowaboutthe2019study?A.Thestudylastedthreeyears.B.Thecomparativemethodwasused.C.Thenone-at-allgroupfeltmoreproductive.D.Participantswereaddictedtotheirmobilephones.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Depressionandanxietyleadustorelyonourphones.B.Addingextraphonemonitoringcanfreeusfromtechaddiction.C.Thefewerphonenotificationsreceived,thebetterwecontrolourphones.D.Personalizeduserdesignhelpsphonesdecidewhatnotificationscomefirst.26.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Towarnusagainstthephoneoveruse.BTodrawourattentiontotheproblemsofADHD.C.Tostresstheimportanceofcontrollingourphones.D.Todiscusswaystohandlefrequentphonenotifications.【答案】23.C24.B25.D26.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了电话通知过多给人体造成了不良影响，并探讨了产生的原因和解决措施。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一二句“Theseoutcomesmayresultfromthefactthatfrequentphoneinterruptionsincreaseourcognitiveload(认知负荷),ortheamountofinformationprocessedbytheworkingmemory.Weonlyhavesomuchmentalcapacity,andtheextraeffortittakestoswitchbetweentaskscanmakeustired,lessfocusedanddisrupt(扰乱)emotionalregulation.(这些结果可能是由于频繁的电话中断增加了我们的认知负荷，或由工作记忆处理的信息量。我们只有这么多的脑力，在不同任务之间转换所需的额外努力会使我们感到疲惫、注意力不集中，并且扰乱情绪调节。)”可知，频繁的电话通知会增加工作记忆需要处理的信息量，因此脑力有限的我们会感到疲惫、注意力不集中，并且扰乱情绪调节。故选C项。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Ina2019study,researchersassigned237participants(参与者)intothreegroups,includingthosewhoreceivedalltheirnotificationsthreetimesaday,hourly,ornoneatall.(在2019年的一项研究中，研究人员将237名参与者分为三组，包括那些一天三次收到通知、每小时收到通知或根本没有收到通知的人。)”可知，参与者被分为三组，即对比分析法在这个研究中被使用。故选B项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Besides,someresearchershavearguedthatmorepersonalizeduserdesignispossible.Developersshouldpayattentiontohowpeopleinteractwiththeirdevices.Withthehelpofamachinelearningmodel,ourphonecanautomaticallylearnfromourpastbehaviorwhattypesofnotificationwewanttoreceivefirst,suchasmessagesfromrelatives.Thus,certainnotificationscanbedeliveredatsuitabletimes.(此外，一些研究人员认为，更个性化的用户设计是可能的。开发人员应该注意人们如何与他们的设备互动。在机器学习模型的帮助下，我们的手机可以自动从我们过去的行为中了解我们希望首先收到什么类型的通知，例如来自亲戚的消息。因此，可以在适当的时间发送某些通知。)”可知，一些研究人员的观点表明个性化的用户设计可能能够帮助手机设定什么样的通知先发送。故选D项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Peoplereceivebetweenaround60and80dailynotifications(通知)onaverage,andsomeofusmaygetasmanyas200.(平均而言，人们每天收到大约60到80条通知，我们中的一些人可能会得到200条之多。)”可知，本文第一段指出手机通知过多这一问题现状；根据第二段第一句“Theseoutcomesmayresultfromthefactthatfrequentphoneinterruptionsincreaseourcognitiveload(认知负荷),ortheamountofinformationprocessedbytheworkingmemory.(这些结果可能是由于频繁的电话中断增加了我们的认知负荷,或由工作记忆处理的信息量。)”可知，第二段探讨这一问题出现的原因；根据第三段第一句“Withthefactthatcellphonenotificationscanmesswithourbrains,scientistshavesoughtoutwaystocounteracttheseeffects.(由于手机通知会干扰我们的大脑，科学家们已经找到了抵消这些影响的方法。)”可知，后三段则探讨解决这一问题的办法，即解决问题的办法才是本文的重中之重，即写作目的。故选D项。DStudentsmeetattheuniversitycampusforclassesduringtheir20s.Thisclassicalmodeloftime,actionandplacehastraditionallyproducedfamousuniversities,butitisnowchallengedbythedigitalizationofsociety—whichallowseverybodywhoisconnectedtotheInternettoaccesslearning—andbytheneedtoacquireskillsinstepwithfastdevelopmentoftechnology.Universitiesmustrealizethatlearninginthe20swon’tbeenough.Byteachingfoundationalknowledgeandup-to-dateskills,universitiesneedtoprovidestudentswiththefuture-proofskillsoflifelonglearning,notjustgetthem‘job-ready’.Someuniversitiesalreadyplayanimportantroleinlifelonglearningastheywanttokeepthevalueoftheirdiplomas(文凭).Thisnewrolecomeswithahugesetofchallengesandneedslargelytobeinvented.Onewaytostartthistransformationprocesscouldbetogobeyondthe‘diplomamodel’toadaptuniversityeducationtolifelonglearning.Wecallthismodelthelifelonglearningpassport.TheBachelor’sdegreecouldbestudents’passporttolifelonglearning.Forthefirstfewyears,studentswould‘learntolearn’andgetendowedwithreasoningskillsthatremainwiththemfortherestoftheirlives.Forinstance,physicsallowsstudentstoobserveandintegrate(融合)observationsintomodelsand,sometimes,modelsintotheoriesorlawsthatcanbeusedtomakepredictions.Mathematicsisthelanguageusedtodevelopthelawsofphysicsoreconomy.Thesetwosubjectsnaturallyformthebasicpillars(支柱)ofeducationintechnicaluniversities.Recentadvancesincomputationalmethodsanddatasciencepushusintorethinkingscienceandengineering.Computersincreasinglybecomethemostimportantactorsinprocessingdataandformulatingquestions,whichrequirescompletelynewwaysofreasoning.Therefore,anewsubjectintegratingcomputerscience,programming,statisticsandmachinelearningshouldbeaddedtothetraditionalfoundationaltopicsofmathematicsandphysics.Thesethreepillarswouldallowyoutokeeplearningtechnicalsubjectsallyourlife.Accordingtothisnewmodel,theMasterofScience(MSc)wouldbecomethefirststampinthelifelonglearningjourney.ThenewMScdiplomabecomesasetofaccomplishedprojectsandalistoftechnicalskills.Itisopen-endedandmustbeupdatedthroughoutlife,astechnologiesandtheirapplicationschangefasterthanever.Universitieshaveafundamentalroletoplayinthisjourney,andhighereducationisinforachange.Theolduniversitymodelproducedtalentandvalueforsociety.Wearenotsupportingitsabolition(废除)butrathercallingfortheadaptationofitscharacteristicstomeettheneedsoftoday.27.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?A.Technologicaldevelopmentchallengestheuniversitymodel.B.Theclassicalmodelservesfamousuniversitieswell.C.Studentsdon’tmeetatcampusduetodigitalization.D.Universitiescontinuetoimproveworkerskills.28.Whatcanbelearntfromthepassage?A.ThestudentsgetalifelongpassportwithaBachelor’sdegree.B.Thethreepillarshelpwithcontinuouslearningintechnology.C.Physicsandmathematicsareenoughforlearningtechnology.D.MScprogrammesarethemostimportantforlifelonglearning.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“getendowedwith”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Beconcernedwith. B.Makeroomfor.C.Beequippedwith. D.Makepreparationsfor.30.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ChangestouniversityprojectsB.ImportanceofLifelongLearningCDevelopmentofFurtherEducationD.NecessitytoAdaptUniversityModel【答案】27.A28.B29.C30.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为何大学应采用终身学习的新模式以适应时代需要。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thisclassicalmodeloftime,actionandplacehastraditionallyproducedfamousuniversities,butitisnowchallengedbythedigitalizationofsociety—whichallowseverybodywhoisconnectedtotheInternettoaccesslearning—andbytheneedtoacquireskillsinstepwithfastdevelopmentoftechnology.(这种时间、行为和地点的经典模式传统上造就了著名的大学，但现在它受到了社会数字化的挑战——它允许每个连接到互联网的人都能获得学习的机会——以及需要获得与技术快速发展同步的技能。)”可知，本段主要介绍技术发展对大学模式的挑战。故选A。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Therefore,anewsubjectintegratingcomputerscience,programming,statisticsandmachinelearningshouldbeaddedtothetraditionalfoundationaltopicsofmathematicsandphysics.Thesethreepillarswouldallowyoutokeeplearningtechnicalsubjectsallyourlife.(因此，在传统的数学和物理基础学科之外，应该增加一门集计算机科学、编程、统计学和机器学习于一体的新学科。这三大支柱将使你一生都能不断学习技术科目。)”可知，三大支柱有助于技术的持续学习。故选B。【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据后文举例“Forinstance,physicsallowsstudentstoobserveandintegrate(融合)observationsintomodelsand,sometimes,modelsintotheoriesorlawsthatcanbeusedtomakepredictions.(例如，