2024年全球青年就业趋势（英）-116正式版

GlobalEmploymentTrendsforYouth2024Decentwork,brighterfutures20thanniversaryeditionGlobalEmploymentTrendsforYouth2024Decentwork,brighterfuturesInternationalLabourOffice•Geneva©InternationalLabourOrganization2024Firstpublished2024ꢀAttribution4.0International(CCBY4.0)ThisworkislicensedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0International.Toviewacopyofthislicence,pleasevisithttps:///licences/by/4.0/.Theuserisallowedtoreuse,share(copyandredistribute),adapt(remix,transformandbuildupontheoriginalwork)asdetailedinthelicence.TheusermustclearlycredittheILOasthesourceofthematerialandindicateifchangesweremadetotheoriginalcontent.Useoftheemblem,nameandlogooftheILOisnotpermittedinconnectionwithtranslations,adaptationsorotherderivativeworks.Attribution–Theusermustindicateifchangesweremadeandmustcitetheworkasfollows:GlobalEmploymentTrendsforYouth2024.Decentwork,brighterfutures,Geneva:InternationalLabourOffice,2024.©ILO.Translations–Incaseofatranslationofthiswork,thefollowingdisclaimermustbeaddedalongwiththeattribution:Thisisatrans-lationofacopyrightedworkoftheInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO).Thistranslationhasnotbeenprepared,reviewedorendorsedbytheILOandshouldnotbeconsideredanofficialILOtranslation.TheILOdisclaimsallresponsibilityforitscontentandaccuracy.Responsibilityrestssolelywiththeauthor(s)ofthetranslation.Adaptations–Incaseofanadaptationofthiswork,thefollowingdisclaimermustbeaddedalongwiththeattribution:ThisisanadaptationofacopyrightedworkoftheInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO).Thisadaptationhasnotbeenprepared,reviewedorendorsedbytheILOandshouldnotbeconsideredanofficialILOadaptation.TheILOdisclaimsallresponsibilityforitscontentandaccuracy.Responsibilityrestssolelywiththeauthor(s)oftheadaptation.Third-partymaterials–ThisCreativeCommonslicencedoesnotapplytonon-ILOcopyrightmaterialsincludedinthispublication.Ifthematerialisattributedtoathirdparty,theuserofsuchmaterialissolelyresponsibleforclearingtherightswiththerightsholderandforanyclaimsofinfringement.AnydisputearisingunderthislicencethatcannotbesettledamicablyshallbereferredtoarbitrationinaccordancewiththeArbitrationRulesoftheUnitedNationsCommissiononInternationalTradeLaw(UNCITRAL).Thepartiesshallbeboundbyanyarbitrationawardrenderedasaresultofsucharbitrationasthefinaladjudicationofsuchadispute.QueriesonrightsandlicensingshouldbeaddressedtotheILOPublishingUnit(RightsandLicensing)atrights@.InformationonILOpublicationsanddigitalproductscanbefoundat:/publns.9789220406748(print)9789220406755(webPDF)ThedesignationsemployedinILOpublicationsanddatabases,whichareinconformitywithUnitedNationspractice,andthepres-entationofmaterialthereindonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheILOconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,areaorterritoryorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.Theopinionsandviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheopinions,viewsorpoliciesoftheILO.ReferencetonamesoffirmsandcommercialproductsandprocessesdoesnotimplytheirendorsementbytheILO,andanyfailuretomentionaparticularfirm,commercialproductorprocessisnotasignofdisapproval.PrintedinSwitzerlandPhotocreditsCover,p.63,p.77:MarcelCrozet/ILO–Pageiv:BMFMedia/ILO–Executivesummary:ILOChapter1:UNWomen/JoeSaadeChapter2:ILO/ApexImage–Chapter3:L.Mitul/ILO–Page69:BerkeAraklı/ILO–Chapter4:MarcelCrozet–Annex,ILO–Page93:UNWomen/RyanBrownProducedbythePublicationsProductionandPublishingManagementUnitoftheILO.Code:DESIGN/PPM/PMSERViiiPrefaceXItisagreatpleasuretoputbeforeyouthe2024editionoftheGlobalEmploymentTrendsforYouth(GETforꢀYouth)report.Since2004,12editionsofthereporthavepresentedthelatestavailableglobalandregionalyouthlabourmarketindicators,andusedthefoundationoflabourmarketanalysistoadvocateformoreandbetterinvestmentsinpolicyareasthatboostyouthemploymentandeasetheirpathwaystodecentjobsandproductiveadulthood.Overtheyears,findingsoftheGETforYouthreportshaveraisedthevisibilityofthemanychallenges1thatyoungpeoplefaceintheworldofwork.Interestinthereportanditsfindingshasledtopartnershipsandprojectsthathavetakenon-the-groundactiontoassistyoungpeople,strengthenrelevantinstitutionsandguidenationalpolicyformulationandimplementationaroundyouthemploymentobjectives.Inthisedition,andinthemanyeventsplannedoverthecourseoftheyear,wecelebrate20yearsoftheGETforYouthreport.Thereporthasbeenavaluableinputtosocialdialogueforsettingandimplementingaglobalagendaforyouthemployment.Ithascontributedto:improvementsinthemeasurementofthelabourmarketsituationsofyoungpeopleinallregionsoftheworld;XXXXXtheprioritizationofyouthemploymentinnationalemploymentpoliciesincrisisperiodsandboomtimesalike;theincreasedinclusivenessofpolicymaking,withvoicesofyoungpeoplecapturedandreflected;therefinementofpolicyadvicebasedonrigorousempiricalevidenceof“whatworks”;andtheglobalsharingofgoodpractices.Fortunately,inthisedition,wecanalsocelebratesomegoodnewsfromthefindings.Thelasttworeports(in2020and2022)centredontheharshimpactsoftheCOVID-19pandemicanditsaftermath.Thisreportshowsthattheworstofthecrisisisbehindus.Atthegloballevel,youngjobseekerstodaymayfindworkmoreeasilythaninpreviousyears,andyouthemploymentrateshavestabilizedbacktotheirpre-crisistrendlines.Butthisdoesnotmeanalliswell.Thereportremindsusthattherearestillmillionsofyoungpeople–primarilyyoungwomen–inNEETstatus,meaningtheyarenotaccessingeducationoremployment.Itcautionsusaboutthegrowingcasualizationofworkforyouthandaboutthewideninggapinthesupplyofyounggraduatesandthenumberofsuitablejobsavailabletoabsorbthem.Itacknowledgesthatthemismatchesbetweenwhatisavailableandwhatisexpectedbyyoungpeopleintheirlabourmarkettransitionscanhaveimportantconsequences,includingcoststoyoungpeople’smotivationlevelsandgeneralwell-being.Finally,thereportstresseshowinequalitiesofopportunityforyoungpeoplebasedonwhereandtowhomachildisbornandthepersonalcharacteristicsofbirth,includinggender,arestillveryreal,ifnotworseningasaresultofsocio-economic,demographicandtechnologicaldichotomies.Thereisaclearmessagecomingfromthereportontheurgencytodobettertocombatthecircumstancesofunequalaccesstoopportunitiesandtoeffectivelytargetactionstobringtransformativechangetodisadvantagedyoungpeople.Therecanbenosocialjusticewhenmillionsofyoungpeoplearoundtheworldaremissingoutontheopportunitiesofproductiveanddecentemploymentandarethusdeniedachanceatupwardmobilityforthemselvesandtheirfamilies.Letusalldoourparts,workingindividuallyandtogether,includingintherealmsoftheUnitedNationsGlobalAcceleratoronJobsandSocialProtectionforJustTransitions

andtheGlobalCoalitionforSocialJustice,tobringrenewedhopetoyoungpeople.Thisreportisacallforallstakeholderstointensifythefocusondecentworktoenablebrighterfuturesforallyoungpeopleandtotakeactionwiththemeaningfulengagementofyoungpeople.Readers,thankyouforyoursupporttotheGETforYouthreportovertheyearsandforyourengagementinpromotingdecentworkforyouth.Weassureyoutherewillbemanymoreeditionstocome.Assistant-Director-General,JobsandSocialProtection1EditionsoftheGETforYouthreportwereissuedin2004,2006,2008,2010,2011,2012,2013,2015,2017,2020

and2022.vAmessagetoyoungreadersXAstoday’syouth,yourmeaningfulengagementinlabourmarketsandthequalityofworkthatyouwillhavemattersagreatdealtothefutureoftheglobaleconomy.Thebettereducatedyouare,thebetterempoweredyouaretofindyourproductivepotentialanddignityinwork;thebettersupportedyouaretoreachastateofeconomicsecurity,thebetterthefuturewillbeforeveryone.Youarelivinginaneraofrapidchangesanduncertaincircumstancesthatarenotofyourownmaking.Thiscanbestressful.WeattheILOunderstandthechallengesandconcerns.Wecareandwillstrivetoseeyouflourish.Wewillcontinuetouseourplatformtoadvocateforscaled-up,effectiveinvestmentsinandpromotionofaccesstodecentjobsforyouth.Wewillalsocontinuetosupportourpartnersingovernments,workers’organizationsandemployers’organizationstodotheirutmostonyourbehalfthrougheffectiveyouthemploymentpolicymaking.Asweadvocateforactiononyourbehalf,pleasemakesureyourvoiceisraisedaswell,throughthevenuesyouhaveatyourdisposal.Youhavethepossibilitytoinfluencepolicyandtoadvocatefordecentworkforall.Knowyourrightsandcontinueinvestinginyourskills.Rememberthatyouareanexampleforotheryoungpeoplearoundtheworld.Beapartofthechangethatweallneedtoensureasociallyjustandinclusiveworld.viiTableofcontentsPrefaceiiiAmessagetoyoungreadersAcknowledgementsvxiiAcronymsandabbreviationsxiiiEꢀxecutivesummaryxv1ꢀ1.Globalandregionaloutlookforyouthlabourmarkets1.1.Introduction231.2.IsrecoveryfromtheCOVID-19crisisnowfullysecured?1.3.Whatistheprogressinloweringsharesofyouthnotineducation,employmentortraining?91213161.4.Whatisthelatestinrelationtoyouthgendergaps?1.5.Youthanxietiesareontherise1.6.Outlookfor2024and2025ꢀ2.Thenandnow:Achanginglandscapeofyouthemployment212.1.Introduction222232354056582.2.Decentworkforyouth:Anyprogress?2.3.Comparinglabourmarketoutcomesofyouthandadults2.4.Wherearejobscomingfrom?2.5.Thevalueofeducationandtraining2.6.Wherearetheyouthoftomorrow?2.7.Theworldisincreasinglyconflict-riddenꢀ3.Youthemploymentpolicies:Anevolutioninprogress653.1.Introduction6666683.2.Trendsinyouthemploymentpolicymaking3.3.EvidencefromyouthemploymentimpactevaluationsviiiGlobalEmploymentTrendsforYouth20244.Movingahead714.1.Keepyouthinthedriver’sseat(oratleastthepassenger’sseat)ofpolicymaking72724.2.Amplifythepolicyfocusonjobcreation4.3.Scaleupthesupply-interventionswithprovenimpactthataimtomeetlabourdemand7475754.4.Focustheinternationalcommunity’sattentiononAfricaanditsyouthbulge4.5.Tackleglobalandcountry-levelinequalitiesReferences78Annex.Additionaltablesandfigures83Listoffigures1.1.Numberofcountriesin2023withyouthunemploymentratesabove/belowtheir2019rates,bysubregion341.2.Globalyouthunemployment(millions,rightaxis)andyouthunemploymentrate(percentage,leftaxis),bysex,2000–231.3.Globalyouthemployment(millions,rightaxis)andyouthemployment-to-populationratio(percentage,leftaxis),bysex,2000–2341.4.Annualgrowthrateinglobalyouthpopulation,labourforce,employmentandunemploymentsince2000(percentage)51.5.Changeinyouthunemployment,youthlabourforceandyouthunemploymentrate,bysubregion,2019–2361.6.Youthunemploymentrates(monthly,seasonallyadjusted)inselectedcountries,recordlowperiodsinceJanuary2000andlatestperiod(percentage)71.7.GlobaldistributionofyouthpopulationbyNEETstatusandsex,2000and2023(percentage)101.8.Changeinyouthemployment-to-populationratio,bysubregionandsex,2000–23(percentagepoints)13141.9.Variousperceptionsurveysoneconomicorlabourmarketcircumstances1.10.Projectedchangesinyouthunemploymentratesandemployment-to-populationratios,bysubregion,2023–25(percentagepoints)19242.1.Averageshareoftotalyoungadultemployment(aged25to29)ininsecurecategoriesofwork,bysubregionandcountryincomegroup,2000and2023ornearestyears(percentage)Tableofcontentsix2.2.Shareofemployedyoungadults(aged25to29)intime-relatedunderemployment,bysubregion,latestyear(percentage)262728292.3.Averagerealwageindexforpaidemployeesaged25to29andaged30andoverinselectedcountries,2013–22(2013=100)2.4.Averagerealwageindexforwomenandmenpaidemployeesaged25to29inselectedcountries,2013–23(2013=100)2.5.Genderpaygapforyoungadultpaidemployeesinselectedcountries,2010and20212.6.Shareofyoungadults(aged25to29)inlow-paidemployment,bysubregion(2010and2023,ornearestyears)andbysubregionandsex(2023ornearestyear)(percentage)3032384243464647495051512.7.Ratioofglobalyouth-to-adultEPRandratioofglobalyouth-to-adultunemploymentrate,2000–232.8.AverageshareofLinkedInjobpostingsthatrequireatleastonegreenskill,bysubregion,2018–23(percentage)2.9.Shareofyouthpopulation(aged15to24)andyoungadults(aged25to29)attendingschool/training,bycountryincomegroup,2000and2023(percentage)2.10.Totalandnon-studentdistributionofyouthpopulationbyeconomicactivity,byagecohortandcountryincomegroup,2023(percentage)2.11.TheNEETeducationalattainmentgapforyoungadults(aged25to29),bysexandcountryincomegroup,2023(percentagepoints)2.12.ChangeintheNEETeducationalattainmentgapforyoungadults(aged25to29),bysexandcountryincomegroup,2003–13and2013–23(percentagepoints)2.13.Thelabourunderutilization–educationalattainmentgapforyoungadults(aged25to29),bysexandcountryincomegroup,2023(percentagepoints)2.14.ChangeintheLU2–educationalattainmentgapforyoungadults(aged25to29),bysexandcountryincomegroup,2003–13and2013–23(percentagepoints)2.15.Theinformality–educationalattainmentgapofyoungadults(aged25to29),bysexandcountryincomegroup,2023(percentagepoints)2.16.Changeintheinformality–educationalattainmentgapofyoungadults(aged25to29),bysexandcountryincomegroup,2013–23(percentagepoints)2.17.Thelowpay–educationalattainmentgapofyoungadultemployees(aged25to29),bysexandcountryincomegroup,2023(percentagepoints)2.18.Changeinthelowpay–educationalattainmentgapofyoungadultemployees(aged25to29),bysexandcountryincomegroup,2003–13and2013–23(percentagepoints)52532.19.Shareofyoungadults(aged25to29)inemploymentwhoareinasituationofeducationalmismatch,bysexandcountryincomegroup,2023(percentage)2.20.Changeinshareofyoungadults(aged25to29)insituationofeducationalmismatch,bysexandcountryincomegroup,2003–13and2013–23(percentagepoints)53562.21.Medianagebycountry,2024xGlobalEmploymentTrendsforYouth20242.22.Estimatedcumulativechangeinyouthlabourforcebetween2023and2050,bysubregion(millions)57592.23.Globalnumberofconflictsandconflict-relatedfatalities,2002–222.24.Estimatedglobalyouthpopulationandyouthemploymentinareasaffectedbyconflict,2002–22(millions)596184842.25.Shareofyoungpeopleconcernedaboutthepossibilityofwarinvolvingtheircountry,bysubregion(percentage)A1.Averageannualgrowthrateinglobaladultpopulation,labourforce,employmentandunemploymentsince2000(percentage)A2.Distributionofglobalyouthpopulationbymaineconomicactivityandattendanceinschooling/training,2000and2023(percentage)A3.Averageshareoftotalyoungadultemploymentofwomen(aged25to29)ininsecurecategoriesofwork,bysubregionandcountryincomegroup,2000and2023ornearestyears(percentage)85Listoftables1.1.GeneraloverviewofprogresstowardsSDGtarget8.6toreducesharesofyouthinNEETstatus9161718251.2.Projectedyouthemploymentlevelsandemployment-to-populationratios,bysubregionandcountryincomegroup,2023–251.3.Projectedyouthunemploymentlevelsandrates,bysubregionandcountryincomegroup,2023–251.4.ProjectedyouthNEETlevelsandrates,bysubregionandcountryincomegroup,2023–252.1.Shareofemployedyoungadults(aged25to29)inapart-timeworkingarrangement,bysubregion,2000and2023ornearestyears(percentage)2.2.Sectoralshareofyouthemploymentin2021(percentage)andchangeinsectoralshareofyouthemploymentbetween2001and2021(percentagepoints),bysubregion3639868890922.3.Occupationsthatdidnotexist20yearsagoandpotentialnewoccupationsofthefutureA1.Youthunemploymentrate,bysex,subregionandcountryincomegroup,2000and2010–23(percentage)A2.Youthemployment-to-populationratio,bysex,subregionandcountryincomegroup,2000and2010–23(percentage)A3.YouthNEETrate,bysex,subregionandcountryincomegroup,2005and2010–23(percentage)A4.Ratioofyouth-to-adultEPRandratioofglobalyouth-to-adultunemploymentrate,bysubregionandcountryincomegroup,2000and2023TableofcontentsxiListofboxes1.Wherearetheworld’s“missing”youngworkers?833442.Multipleindicatoranalysescanstrengthenpolicytargeting3.Schoolattendancesignificantlyimpactslabourmarketindicatorsforyouth4.Jobmatchingisinfluencedbyyoungpeople’sexpectationsandperceptionsofjobprestige4854605.Whatare“new-collarjobs”?6.MeasuringtheimpactofconflictoneconomicactivityandthelabourmarketFlashbackbox1.MeasurementofyouthlabourmarketoutcomeshasimprovedsignificantlysincethefirstGlobalEmploymentTrendsforYouthreport11Flashbackbox2.Whyareyouthunemploymentrateshigherthanadultunemploymentrates?34Flashbackbox3.Technologicalchangesandjobsforyouth–evidencefrompreviousGETforYouthreports4167Flashbackbox4.EvolvingpolicyperspectivesinGETforYouthreportsxiiGlobalEmploymentTrendsforYouth2024AcknowledgementsThe2024editionoftheGlobalEmploymentTrendsforYouthwaspreparedbyateamfromtheILOEmployment,LabourMarketsandYouthBranch.ThereportwascoordinatedanddraftedbySaraElderwithateamconsistingofMatthieuCharpe,HuanyueHu,KeeBeomKimandNiallO’Higgins.AdditionalcontributionswerereceivedfromexternalcollaboratorsKateBrockie,RichardHorne(EmpstatLtd)andStevenTobin(LabourXLtd).ThereportwaseditedbyJohnMaloy.TheconceptualizationanddesignofthereportbenefitedfromtheinputofataskteamconsistingofMarceloCuautleSegovia,ChiaraCurcio,DibyaudhDas,MariaGabrielaEspinosaErazo,DaphneLapourréDames,KarinaLevina,EeshaMoitra,MariaPrieto,MichaelWattandLenaXinyuYan.TheteamwishestoacknowledgethehelpfulcommentsandsuggestionsonthedraftprovidedbyILOcolleaguesSamuelAsfaha,ChristinaBehrendt,PatrickDaru,ElisandaEstruchPuertas,ValeriaEsquivel,MariangelsFortuny,RosinaGammarano,GuidoHeins,MohammedHossain,PhuHuynh,StevenKapsos,CelinePeyronBista,SusanaPuerto,GerhardReinecke,MiguelSanchezMartinez,DavidMosler,MichaelMwasikakata,RolandSarton,LucieServoz,JeanJacoboVelasco,ChristianViegelahn,FelixWeidenkaffandDingXu,andalsofromtwoanonymousexternalreviewers.ThemanuscriptbenefitedgreatlyfromtheinputandoversightofSangheonLee,DirectoroftheEmploymentPolicyDepartment,andDorotheaSchmidt-Klau,ChiefoftheEmployment,LabourMarketsandYouthBranch.TheanalysisprovidedintheGlobalEmploymentTrendsforYouthseriesisonlyasgoodastheavailableinputdata.Wetakethisopportunitytothankallinstitutionsinvolvedinthecollectionanddisseminationoflabourmarketinformation,includingnationalstatisticalagenciesandtheILODepartmentofStatistics.Finally,wewouldliketoexpressourthankstocolleaguesinthePublicationsProductionUnitandtocolleaguesintheDepartmentofCommunicationandPublicInformationfortheirsupportinproducinganddisseminatingthereport.AcronymsandabbreviationsxiiiAcronymsandabbreviationsAIartificialintelligenceALMPEPRactivelabourmarketpolicyemployment-to-populationratioGETforYouthreportGlobalEmploymentTrendsforYouthreportIMFInternationalMonetaryFundLMLICLU2lower-middle-andlow-incomecountrieslabourunderutilization(unemployment+time-relatedunderemployment)notinemployment,educationortrainingoutsidethelabourforceNEETOLFYURyouthunemploymentrateGlobalEmploymentTrendsforYouth2024Keystatistics13%20%fromthepre-pandemictimesinallbutthreesubregionsGlobalyouthunemploymentratein2023Marksthelowestratein15yearsandadecreaseShareofyouthnotinemployment,educationortraining(NEET)in20232in3youngNEETsgloballyarewomen1in3youthliveinacountrythatis“offtrack”forSDGtarget8.6,toreducetheshareofyoungNEETsInequalitiesofopportunityHigh-incomecountries4in5youngadultworkers(aged25–29)areinaregularpaidjob63%ofyouthinschoolortrainingLow-incomecountries1in5youngadultworkers(aged25–29)areinaregularpaidjob40%ofyouthinschoolortrainingGlobalchallengesLackofjobsLackofdecentjobs1in3youthinArabStatesandNorthAfricaareunemployed3in4youthinsub-SaharanAfricalacksecureworkDemographicpressuresEducationalmismatch76million2in3youngadultworkersindevelopingeconomiesholdqualificationsthatdonotmatchwelltotheirjobGrowthinyouthlabourforceinAfricaby2050,whileallotherregionsfaceacontractioninyoungworkersRisingyouthanxietylevels2in3youngpeopleworriedaboutlosingtheirjobxvExecutivesummaryThisreportrepresentsthe20thanniversarypublicationoftheILO’sGlobalEmploymentTrendsforYouth(hereafter“GETforYouth”).Fortwodecades,theGETforYouthreporthasstriventoprovidetimelyandrelevantinformationonhowwellyoungpeoplearedoingintheirambitionstoattaindecentwork.Insodoingthereporthasinvestigatedthewhere,whyandhowofyoungpeople’slabourmarketvulnerabilities,andhighlightedthepolicymeasuresandinterventionsthataimtosupportyouthjobcreationandeffectivelysetyoungpeopleonthepathwaytoabrightfutureofwork.Asananniversaryedition,thiseditionoftheGETforYouthlooksbackonwhathasbeenachievedsincethedawnofthetwenty-firstcenturywhilealsolookingaheadtowhatmaylayinstoreforyouthemploymentinaneracharacterizedbycrisesanduncertainties.Post-COVID-19recoveryandlabourmarketoutlookforyouthYounglabourmarketentrantshavebenefitedduringtherecoveryperiodfollowingtheCOVID-19crisis.MorethanfouryearsfromtheonsetoftheCOVID-19pandemic,thelabourmarketoutlookhasimprovedconsiderablyforyoungpeopleaged15to24.Resilienteconomicgrowthratesandastrongrebound1inlabourdemandbenefitedyounglabourmarketentrantsinthepost-crisissetting.At13percent,theglobalyouthunemploymentratein2023representeda15-yearlow,andat64.9million,thetotalnumberofunemployedyoungpeopleworldwidewasthelowestseensincethestartofthemillennium.Atthesametime,2023sawareboundintheyouthemployment-to-populationratio(at35percent),asmanyoftheyoungpersonswhohadtemporarilywithdrawnfromthelabourforceorhadbecomeunemployedduringthepandemicreturnedtowork(orstartedworkingforthefirsttime).Butrecoverywasnotuniversal,bygeographyorbygender.Youthunemploymentratesin2023hadreturnedtotheirpre-crisisratesorfellbelowtheirpre-crisisratesinmost–butnotall–subregions.ForyoungpeopleintheArabStates,EastAsia,andSouth-EastAsiaandthePacific,theyouthunemploymentratein2023washigherthanthatof2019.FortheArabStates,thisrepresentsacontinuationofthepre-COVID-19trendofrisingyouthunemploymentrates,butforthetwoAsiansubregions,theriserepresentsachangeofdirectionfromthepre-crisisyears,wheneconomicgrowthrates–andassociatedjobcreationforyouth–hadbeenmorerobust.Youngmenhavebenefitedfromtherecoveryinthelabourmarketmorethanyoungwomen.Inthedecadeprecedingthepandemic(2009–19),theyouthunemploymentrateofyoungmenatthegloballevelwashigherthanthatofyoungwomenbyanaverageof0.7percentagepoints.Fromthepeakofthecrisisandcontinuingthrough2023,theunemploymentratesforyoungmenandwomenconverged(restingat12.9percentforyoungwomenand13percentforyoungmenin2023).Youngwomenhavethusexperiencedadoubledisadvantage.First,theyouthunemploymentratejumpedmoresharplyforwomenduringtheCOVID-19crisisandthen,duringtherecoveryperiod,thedropintheyouthunemploymentratewassmalleramongwomen.1Unlessotherwisespecified,“youth”inthisreportreferstoyoungpeopleaged15to24.xviGlobalEmploymentTrendsforYouth2024Goodnewsonyouthunemploymenttrends,lesssoontrendsofyouthinNEETstatus.Thetrendofdecliningyouthunemploymentratesinmost–butnotallregions–isgoodnews.Butunemploymentisnottheonlysignalofheadwindsagainstyoungpeople’ssuccessintheworldofwork.Only6percentoftheworld’syouthpopulationwereunemployedin2023,butamuchlargershare–20.4percent–werenotinemployment,educationortraining(NEET).Thisgivesasignificantlybroaderpictureoflabourmarketexclusionamongyoungpeople,whilealsosignalingsomemissedopportunitiesinhumancapitaldevelopment.ProgressonSustainableDevelopmentGoal(SDG)target8.6toreducetheyouthNEETratehasbeenmixedandskewedinfavourofadvancedeconomies.Thereportfindsthatoneinthree(33percent)oftheworld’syoungpeopleislivinginacountrythatis“offtrack”initstargettoreducetheyouthNEETrate.Whatisespeciallyconcerningisthatthecountriesthatfollowaregressivetrendarelow-incomecountriesandthosesituatedinsubregionswhererateswerealreadyamongtheworld’shighest(namely,theArabStates