攻克阅读理解之推测题专项讲解导学案高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

攻克阅读理解之推测题专项讲解与练习一：分布说明文、议论文、记叙文均有分布。说明文和议论文中考查更频繁，记叙文推断题型相对比较简单。二：类型【细节推断题】【归纳推断题】Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs？Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.Accordingtothepassage,thewriterthinks______.Theauthorimpliesthat______.三：解决判断：首先确定题型为推断题，并观察其选项标记关键词，方便在文中寻找题眼。做题：阅读文章时，先根据印象，简单标记推断题各个关键词存在的位置。TIP：四个选项可来源于文中不同位置，也可能会来源于文中同一段落。确定：找到关键词以后，将关键词所在原句与选项进行对比，看是否符合推测含义。TIP：常见错误类型【原文复述】：选项完全符合文中原句，仅替换部分短语或者句子不符合题干“推测”要求【张冠李戴】：选项和原文高度相似变换了主语或者宾语或者肯否定【正误参半】：看似是推断得出的结论，实际与原文不符合，比如原文中的原因，选项里是结果。【无中生有】：推测内容在文中完全没有提及，虽然有可能会发生不符合作者想表达的方向，学生自己不要过度代入【虚拟语气】：文中出现的句子使用虚拟语气，实际该事件并未发生警惕原文的细节用词1【示范题目】Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?【由infer得出该题为推断题—查看选项，标记关键词】

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.【过度推测：文中并未提及这两者之间的关系】

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman.【过度推测】C.Someformofdiscriminationisdifficulttorecognize.【正确选项】

D.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontopanies’names.【错误推测：顾客不是主动注意】【在文中找到对应关键词，观察选项不难发现该题型应该属于细节推断题，即不是将三段话的内容进行总结以后得到的推断】Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeenmadeillegal.But【一定要警惕关键词附近出现的转折或因果，有可能是题眼所在，要重点看but后内容】C：onepopularformcontinuestoappear,alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage【字母歧视主义的出现有些人还仍未注意到，符合C项推测】,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnames(姓氏)beginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.B/D：IthaslongbeenknownthatthecarsofataxifirmcalledAAAAhaveabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomerslookthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.【该句说明顾客在选择时会根据系统的姓名分布进行选择，A开头的肯定会比Z开头的更具优势，但并未提及首字母对于成功的影响】Englishnamesarefairlyevenly(平均地)spreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.ThustheAmericanpresidentsandvicepresidentshavesurnamesstartingwithBandCseparatelyand26ofthosebeforeGeorgeBush’spredecessors(前任)(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmoresurprising,sixofthesevenheadsofthegovernmentsoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld'sthreetopcentralbankers【解题要点总结】关键词定位要站在作者视角，合理进行推测，警惕无中生有或者过度推测的选项转折、因果语句要重点标注2Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A.themagpiesaresmartlearnersofotherbirds’behaviorB.it’slikelythatotherbirdshavedevelopedthesameabilityC.thefindingshaveclarifiedtherelationshipsbetweenspeciesD.alotmoreremainstobeexploredaboutanimalcognitionAustralianmagpiescanunderstandwhatotherbirdsaresayingtoeachother,anewstudyhasfound.Theresearch,publishedinthejournalAnimalBehavior,saysthemagpiehaslearnedthemeaningsofdifferentnoisyminercallsandessentiallyeavesdrops(偷听)tofindoutwhichpredators(食肉动物)arenear.Noisyminersasmall,nativehoneyeaterhavedifferentwarningcallsforgroundbasedandaerial(飞行的)predators.Byplayingbothkindsofrecordingtoaseriesofwildmagpies,researchersobservedthemagpiesraisingtheirbeaks(喙)tothesky,ordroppingtheirheadstotheground.

Researchersattractedthemagpieswithcheese,thenplayedthenoisyminercalls,videotapingtheresults.Asacontrol,theyalsorolledalargeorangeballtowardsthemagpiestoseehowtheyordinarilytilted(倾斜)theirbeakstogroundthreats,andthrewtheballtoseehowtheyreactedtoaerialthreats.

Theresearchersrecordedanaveragemaximumbeakangleof29degreesforthethrownball,andanaveragemaximumofninedegreeswhenitwasrolled.

Theminers’aerialwarningcausedanaveragemaximumbeakangleof31degrees,andthegroundwarningcausedanaveragemaximumof24.

Oneofthestudy’sauthors,DominiquePotvin,saidthemagpiesshowedanastonishinglevelofinsight.Magpiesandminersbroadlyfacethesametypesofpredatorsandthetwofrequentlyliveinthesameecosystem.

Potvinsaidthishadencouragedthemagpies’learnedbehavior.

“Magpiesaregenerallyfoundonthegroundandnoisyminersaregenerallyfoundupintrees.Itpaysforthemagpietopayattentiontosomebodywhohasabetterviewofpredatorsthantheydo.”Shesaiditwasunclearwhetherotherbirdscoulddothesame,butitwashighlylikelyothermagpiesaroundAustraliaalreadydid.

“Magpiesareaprettysmartgroup.We’renotsureifthey’relearningthisfromothermagpiesorifthey’refiguringitoutontheirown,buttheabilityisthere.

Aspartoftheexperiment,researchersalsoplayedathirdcall:amon,nonwarningcallfromacrimsonrosella.Theyfoundthemagpiesdidnotrespond.

Potvinsaidthatwehadbeenactivelyexploringanimalcognition(认知)research.“It’sagoodpieceofthepuzzle,”Potvinsaid.“Lookingatthesocialrelationshipsbetweenspeciesthatliveinmunities.”3WhatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph6?A.Whatwasafantasyisingtruewithtechnology.B.Whatevereffortsyoumakemightnotfruitsuccess.

C.Sciencefictionleadstothedevelopmentoftheprototype.

D.Thetechnologybehindtheprototypeenjoyswidepopularity.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.It’snotunmonthatweusuallyhavedifferentvoicesinmind.B.There’sstillalongwaytogobeforethegameisfullymatured.C.TheAlcaideteamfocusesonlimitingtheusageofheadsets.D.It’simpossibleforAlcaidetoreadactivitiesfastandaccurately.第六段：Theprototypeisamongtheearliestfruitsofawidespreadefforttoembracetechnologythatwasoncesciencefictionandinsomewaysstillis.DrivenbyrecentinvestmentsfromtheUSgovernmentandbytheherdmentality(从众心理)inthetechworld,anumberofstartupsandbiggerpanieslikeFacebookareworkingonwaystomentallycontrolmachines.Theyarealsolookingforsmootherwaystousevirtualrealitytechnology.Theincreasedinterestinneurotechnologyispartlyaresultofaneffortthegovernmentadministrationstartedin2013.Theinitiativehelpedcreatesignificantgovernmentfinancingforbraininterfacepaniesandrelatedworkinacademy.最后一段：AtNeurable,whichisbasedinBoston,AlcaideandthememberofhisteamarepushingthelimitsofEEGheadsets.Althoughsensorscanreadelectricalbrainactivityfromoutsidetheskull,itisverydifficulttoseparatethesignalfromthenoise.Usingputeralgorithms(算法)basedonresearchthatAlcaideoriginallypublishedasadoctoralstudentattheUniversityofMichigan,Neurableworkstoreadactivitywithaspeedandaccuracythatisnotusuallypossible.Thealgorithmslearnfromyourbehavior.Beforeplayingthegame,youtrainthemtorecognizewhenyouarefocusingyourattentiononanobject.Apulseoflightbouncesaroundthevirtualroom,andeachtimeithitsasmallcoloredballinfrontofyou,youthinkabouttheball.Atthatmoment,whenyoufocusonthelightanditstimulatesyourbrain,thesystemreadstheelectricalspikesofyourbrainactivity.“Onceweunderstandthem,wecanusethem.”Alcaideexpects.4ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatNigelShadboltdoubtswhether______.A.socialmediafirmswouldconductasurveyonthekitemarkschemeB.peoplewouldpayasmuchattentiontoakitemarkastheythinkC.akitemarkschemewouldbeworkableonanationwidescaleD.thekitemarkwouldhelppaniesdeveloptheirbusinessmodelsWouldwepayanymoreattentiontoakitemark?“Ithinkifyouwentanddidthesurvey,peoplewouldliketothinktheywould,”saysNigelShadboltattheUniversityofSouthampton,UK,whostudiesopendata.“Wedoknowpeopleworryalotabouttheinappropriateuseoftheirinformation.”Butwhatwouldhappeninpracticeisanothermatter,hesays.5Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthat______.A.theauthorisaprofessorofafamousuniversityB.theauthorthinksthecostofauniversityeducationistoohighforpeopletoaffordC.theauthorconsiderstheuniversityeducationqualityveryimportantD.theauthorpaysspecialattentiontotheallrounddevelopmentofcollegestudentsWhentimesgettough,wealllookforwaystocutback.Whenwe’rehungry,weeatathomeinsteadofgoingout.Wetakebusesinsteadoftaxis.Andwewearourolddesignerjeansjustafewmonthslonger.Withcollegeexpensesatalltimehighs,highschoolstudentsareeagertodoanythingtocutthecostofauniversityeducation.Onecostcuttingproposalistoallowcollegestudentstogetabachelor’sdegreeinthreeyearsinsteadoffour.Educationalinstitutionshavebeenactivelyexploringwaystomakethelearningprocessmoreefficient.Butthere’saquestion:Wouldthequalityofundergraduateeducationsuffer?FewUSuniversitieshaveformallyapproveda“threeyeardegree”model.IdoubtthatmainstreamNorthAmericancollegeswillcarryoutathreeyearcurriculum(课程)anytimesoon.Foronething,mostuniversitiesalreadyallowhighlyqualifiedstudentstograduateearlybytestingoutofcertainclassesandobtaininganumberofcollegecredits.Inaddition,atfamousuniversities,themitteewhodeterminewhichcoursesarerequiredandwhichcoursesareelectives(选修的)areunlikelytosuddenly“throwout”onequarteroftherequiredcredits.Professorswillresist“diluting(稀释)”thequalityoftheeducationtheyoffer.Inmyopinion,aqualityfouryeareducationisalwayssuperiortoaqualitythreeyeareducation.Acollegeeducationrequiressufficient(充分的)timeforastudenttobeeskilledintheirmajoranddocourseworkinfieldsoutsidetheirmajor.Itisnotagoodideatowaterdowneducation,anymorethanit’snotagoodideatowaterdownmedicine.Ifwewanttohelpstudentsfindtheirwaythroughuniversity,weshouldhelpthemunderstandearlyonwhatknowledgeandskillstheyneedtohaveupongraduation.Weshouldallowstudentstotestoutofasmanycoursesaspossible.Weshouldgivethemachancetoearnmoneyasinterns(实习生)inmeaningfulparttimejobsthatrelatetotheiruniversitystudies,suchasthefiveyearcoopprogramatNortheasternUniversity.6Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.A.lifeissometimestoughforordinarypeopleB.peopletendtobeinfluencedbyexternalfactorsC.alcoholanddrugabuseisgainingpopularityD.drinkingcancontributetoemotionalsurvivalTruthissubjective.IfthereisonewordofadviceIwouldleavetomychildrenitwouldbe,you’rebetteroffbeingDIFFERENT.Ifthemajorityofpeoplearedoingsomethingandyouchoosetobeapartofitthenyou’reprobablyonafasttracktoselfdestruction.OneofthesedisturbingchangesImentionedisthefactthatmyfellowoxygenusersallowthemselvestobefooledsoeasily.It’salmostasifnoonecanthinkontheirownanymore.Welettrendsinfluencehowwedress,talkandinteract.WhereI’mfrom,inthe90’syoucouldn’tbecaughtdeadwithtightpants.Now,acoupleofrapartistwear“skinnyjeans”andit’sokay?NowI’mnotsayingthatthere’sanythingwrongwithwearingfittedclothing,butdoesmediahavetogiveyouagreenlightforeverything?Liveyourlifeforyou.Haveyoueveraskedyourself,whodefinesyourperspectiveof“cool?”WhenyouseeamercialonTVadvertisingsomenewshoesthataren’teconomicallyfriendly,areyouinterestedintheactualdesignoftheshoeorareyoumoreconcernedabouthowyouareperceivedwearinganexpensivebrand?Currently,weseekthatpeaceinthewrongplaces.Didyouknowthatit’shumannaturetodesiretobeapartofsomething?Doyoureallywanttobeoutallnightdrinkingwiththeguys/girls?Whocelebratesturning33withshots?Choosetobeapartofsomethingpositive.Constantlyseektobetteryourselfandyourcircle.Lifecanbediscouragingattimes.Wesubconsciouslycorneroursoulsuntilthepointwherewehavetoescapebyanymeansnecessary.Eventothepointofdoingthingswewouldn’tnormallydo.Reachingthebottomora750mlbottleofCiroc(abrandofalcohol)couldbeemotionalsurvival.Samegoesforparticipatingindrugsandotherescapeswe’vecreated.It’spasttimetowakeupfromyourslumber(睡眠).Findyourhappiness.Notthetemporarysatisfactionfromsubstancelessmaterialthings.TakeabreakfromconsultingyourmanyFacebookpsychologists.Thinkonyourownforachange.Evaluateyourcurrentstatusandplanforwhereyouwanttobe.7Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Thevaccineisthehopeofwipingoutthepandemic.B.Thepublicareoptimisticabouttheeffectsofthevaccine.C.Thepublicareconcernedaboutthehighinfectionrate.D.Thedistributionofvaccinewillendthepandemicquickly.Thevaccine(疫苗)newscontinuestoseemveryencouraging.BritainstarteditsmassvaccinationeffortandtheU.S.isn’tfarbehind.Butthereisstillonedarkcloudhangingoverthevaccinesthatmanypeopledon’tyetunderstand.Thevaccineswillbemuchlesseffectiveatpreventingdeathandillnessin2021iftheyareintroducedintoapopulationwherethecoronavirusisstillsevereasisnowthecaseintheU.S.Avaccineislikeafirehose(消防龙头).Avaccinethat’s95percenteffective,asModerna’sandPfizer’sversionsappeartobe,isapowerfulfirehose.Butthesizeofafireisstillabiggerdeterminantofhowmuchdestructionoccurs.AtthecurrentlevelofinfectionintheU.S.(about200,000confirmednewinfectionsperday),avaccinethatis95percenteffectivedistributedattheexpectedpacewouldstillleaveaterribletoll(伤亡人数)inthesixmonthsafteritwasintroduced.Almost10millionorsoAmericanswouldcatchthevirus,andmorethan160,000woulddie.Thisisfarworsethanthetollinadifferentsituationwherethevaccinewasonly50percenteffectivebuttheU.S.hadreducedtheinfectionratetoitslevelinearlySeptember(about35,000newdailycases).Inthatcase,thedeathtollinthenextsixmonthswouldbekepttoabout60.000It’sworthpausingforamomentonthisparison.IftheU.S.hadmaintaineditsinfectionratefromSeptemberandModernaandPfizerhadannouncedthisfallthattheirvaccineswereonly50percenteffective,alotofpeoplewouldhavepanicked.Buttherealitywehaveisactuallyworse.Howcouldthisbe?Novaccinecangetridofapandemicimmediately,justasnofirehosecanputoutaforestfire.Whilethevaccineisbeingdistributed,theviruscontinuestododamage.Thereisonepositivewaytolookatthis:Measuresthatreducethevirus’sspreadlikemaskwearing,socialdistancingandrapidresulttestingcanstillhavegreatconsequences.Theycansavemorethan100,000livesiningmonths.8Wecaninferthatthecontentofamulticulturalcurriculumshouldbebasedon______.A.Students’knowledgelevel B.Teachers’teachingabilityC.Schools’requirements D.Students’referencesTeachersneedtounderstandtheimportanceofmulticulturaleducationandprovideopportunitiesfortheirstudentstolearnaboutthemanyculturesrepresentedinAmericaandintheworld.Thetermmulticulturaleducationisusedtodiscussacurriculum(课程)whichcontainseducationonawidevarietyofculturesinanefforttoenhancethestudents’knowledgeandawarenessoftheworldinwhichtheylive.Astheworldseemstobegettingsmallerandsmallerwiththewidespreaduseoftechnology,theimportanceofmulticulturaleducationinclassroomsgrows.StudentswhohaveaccessviatheInternettointernationalgaming,shoppingandsocialmediasitesneedanevenbetterunderstandingofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheirownculturesandthoseoftheworldaroundthem.Withthisinmind,teachersshouldbepreparedtoteachunitsthatfullyaddresstheculturesofothernationsthroughouttheyearandacrossthecurriculum.SinceAmericahaslongbeenknownasameltingpotofnationalities,multiculturaleducationcanoftenbeginbysharingknowledgeabouttheculturesalreadypresentintheclassroom.IftheclasshasarepresentationofAfricanAmerican,EuropeanAmerican,HispanicAmerican,IndianAmerican,orNativeAmericanstudents,exploringtheculturesofthesevariousinfluencescanbeagoodstart,Allowingstudentsofdifferentbackgroundstoshareknowledgeaboutthefoodstheyeatathomeorthefirstlanguageoftheirparentsorgrandparentsoffersarichfoundationformulticulturallearning.Includingtheethnicdiversityintheclassroomintothecurriculumshouldnotsinglestudentsoutasdifferent,butcontributetothewholeclassroom'sunderstandingofthediversitypresentinourworld.Teachersshouldconsidergettingstudents’parentsinvolvedinthoselessons,too,asthiswouldaddtothestudents’experienceandunderstandingofmulticulturalismanddiversity.Foryoungerstudents,multiculturalliteratureoffersameanstobringtheimportanceofmulticulturaleducationintotheclassroom.Readingapicturebook,suchasJamboMeansHello,aSwahillAlphabetBookbyMurielFeelings,isagreatwaytointroduceaforeignculture.Forolderelementarystudentsandmiddleschoolstudents,itisimportanttohelpthemunderstandthatthereisanentireworldofcustomsbeyondtheirown.Olderstudentsgraspthemapandtheirplacesinit,butdonotknowmuchaboutlifebeyondtheirownexistence.Thisiswheremulticulturaleducationmakesthebiggestimpact.Whenitestohighschoolstudents,teachingaboutworldculturescanbeeasilyacplishedthroughassigningindividualsreports.Thestudentscanberequiredtolearnaboutthelocation,history,climate,geographyandcultureofthenationassigned.Oralpresentationscanhelptheentireclasslearnfromeachstudent’sresearch.Studentmightbeencouragedtodressthemselvesinatraditionalcostumefromthecountry,orperhapsevencookasimpledishfortheclasstosample.9Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.A.peopledoubttheeffectsofthepillsB.thepillwillstoppeople'sbadexperiencesC.takingthepillwilldoharmtopeople'shealthD.thepillhasprobablybeenproducedinAmericaNOTallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiences.Violenceandtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicalandemotionalscars.Oftentheyrelivetheseexperiencesinnightmares.NowAmericanresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapill,whichwillhelppeopleforgetbadmemories.Thepillisdesignedtobetakenimmediatelyafterafrighteningexperience.Theyhopeitmightreduce,orpossiblyerase<抹去>,theeffectofpainfulmemories.InNovember,expertstestedadrugonpeopleintheUSandFrance.Thedrugstopsthebodyreleasingchemicalsthatfixmemoriesinthebrain.Sofartheresearchhassuggestedthatonlytheemotionaleffectsofmemoriesmaybereduced,notthatthememoriesareerased.Theresearchhascausedagreatdealofargument.Somethinkitisabadidea,Whileotherssupportit.Supporterssayitcouldleadtopillsthatpreventortreatsoldiers'troublingmemoriesafterwar.Theysaythattherearemanypeoplewhosufferfromterriblememories."Somememoriescanruinpeople'slives.Theyebacktoyouwhenyoudon'twanttohavetheminadaydreamornightmare.Theyusuallyewithverypainfulemotions,"saidRogerPitman,aprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool."Thiscouldrelievealotofthatsuffering."Butthosewhoareagainsttheresearchsaythatchangingmemoriesisverydangerousbecausememoriesgiveusouridentity<特质>.Theyalsohelpusallavoidthemistakesofthepast."Allofuscanthinkofbadeventsinourlivesthatwerehorribleatthetimebutmakeuswhoweare.I'mnotsurewewanttowipethosememoriesout,"saidRebeccaDresser,amedicalethicist.10Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Youshouldn’tlookateveryoneelseduringthetest.B.Youwillhaveenoughenergytodealwithyourstudyandexamsbyeatinghealthydiet.C.You’llconcentratemoreifthereisnothingtodistractyou.D.Ifyoufeeltiredduringstudy,youcanwalkaroundforafewminutes.Doyouwanttoimprovethewayyoustudy?Doyoufeelnervousbeforeatest?Manystudentssaythatalackofconcentration<注意力>istheirbiggestproblem.Itseriouslyaffectstheirabilitytostudy,sodotheirtestresults.Ifso,usethesetipstohelpyou.StudyTechniquesYoushouldalwaysstudyinthesameplace.Youshouldn’tsitinapositionthatyouuseforanotherpurpose.Forexample,whenyousitonasofatostudy,yourbrainwillthinkitistimetorelax.Don’twatchTVwhileyouarestudying.Expertswarnthatyourconcentrationmaybereducedby50percentifyouattempttostudyinthisway.Alwaystrytohaveawhitewallinfrontofyou,sothereisnothingtodistract<makelessconcentrated>you.Beforesittingdowntostudy,gathertogetheralltheequipmentyouneed.Apartfromyourtextbooks,pens,pencilsandknives,makesureyouhaveadictionary.Ifyourstudydeskortableisneededwhenyouarenotstudying,storeallyourequipmentinaboxbesideit.Youreyeswillbeetiredifyoutrytoreadatextwhichisonaflatsurface.Positionyourbookatanangleof30degrees.Berealisticanddon’ttrytopletetoomuchinonestudyperiod.Finishonethingbeforebeginninganother.Ifyouneedabreak,getupandwalkaroundforafewminutes,buttrynottotelephoneafriendorhavesomethingtoeat.TesttakingSkillsAllyourhardworkwillbefornothingifyouaretoonervoustotakeyourtest.Gettingplentyofrestisveryimportant.Thismeansdonotstudyallnightbeforeyourtest!Itisabetterideatohavealongtermstudyplan.Trytomakeatimetableforyourstudywhichlastsforafewmonths.Exerciseisagreatwaytoreducepressure.Doingsomeformofexerciseeverydaywillalsoimproveyourconcentration.Eathealthyfoodtoo.Whenyouarriveintheexaminationroom,findyourseatandsitdown.Breatheslowlyanddeeply.Checkthetimeontheclockduringthetest,butnottoooften.Aboveall,takenonoticeofeveryoneelseandgivethetestpaperyourundividedattention.11Accordingtothepassage,thewriterthinks______.A.tourismisnotapromisingindustryB.dreamvacationsshouldbespentabroadC.theproblemscausedbytourismareeasytosettleD.touristsshouldrespectlocalcustomsandcultureWhat'syourdreamvacation?WatchingwildlifeinKenya?BoatingdowntheAmazon?SunbathinginMalaysia?Newchancesareopeningupallthetimetoexploretheworld.Sowevisittravelagents,parepackagesandprices,andpayourmoney.Weknowwhatourvacationcostsus.Butdoweknowwhatitmightcostsomeoneelse?It'struethatmanypoorercountriesnowdependontourismforforeignine.Unfortunately,though,tourismoftenharmsthelocalpeoplemorethanithelpsthem.Itmightcosttheirhomesandlands.InMyanmar,5,200peoplewereforcedtoleavetheirhomesamongthepagodas<佛塔>inBagansothattouristscouldvisitthepagodas.Tourismmightalsocostthelocalpeopletheirlivelihoodanddignity.Localworkersoftenfindonlymenial<卑微的>jobsinthetouristindustry.Andmostoftheprofitsdonothelpthelocaleconomy.Instead,profitsreturntothetouroperatorsinwealthiercountries,WhentheMaasaipeopleinTanzaniaweredrivenfromtheirlands,somemovedtocityslums.Othersnowmakealittlemoneysellingsouvenirsorposingforphotos.ProblemslikethesewereObservedmorethat20yearsago.Butnowsomenongovernmentorganizations,touroperatorsandlocalgovernmentsareworkingtogethertobegincorrectingthem.Tourists,too,areputtingonthepressure.Theresultisresponsibletourism,or"ethicaltourism.〞Ethicaltourismhaspeopleatitsheart.Newinternationalagreementsandcodesofconductcanhelpprotectthepeople'slands,homes,economiesandcultures.Thebeginningsaresmall,though,andtheproblemsareplex.Buttakeheart.Thegoodnewsisthateveryone,includingus,canplayaparttohelpthelocalpeopleintheplaceswevisit.Touroperatorsandpaniescanhelpbymakingsurethatlocalpeopleworkingoodconditionsandearnreasonablewages.Theycanmakeitapointtouseonlylocallyownedhotel,restaurantsandguideservices.Theycanshareprofitsfairlytohelpthelocaleconomy.Andtheycaninvolvethelocalpeopleinplanningandmanagingtourism.Whatcantouristsdo?First,wecanasktourpaniestoprovideinformationabouttheconditionsoflocalcitizens.Wecanthenmakeourchoicesandtellthemwhy.Andwhilewe'reabroad,wecan:Buylocalfoodsandproducts,notimportedones.Payafairpriceforgoodsandservicesandnotbargainforthecheapestprice.Avoidflauntingwealth.Askbeforetakingphotographsofpeople.Theyarenotjustpartofthelandscape!Let'senjoyourvacationandmakesureothersdo,too.12Theauthorimpliesthat____.A.goingintothesupermarkethungry,youmaybuymorethanyouplantoB.thequalityofordinaryitemsisusuallyhighandthepricesarerelativelylowC.discountclothingstoresaregoodplacestogotoD.adssometimesdon’ttellthetruthNevergointoasupermarkethungry!Thisisagoodpieceofadvice.Ifyougoshoppingforfoodbeforelunchtime,you’llprobablybuymorethanyouplanto.Unfortunately,however,justthisadviceisn’tenoughforconsumersthesedays.Modernshoppersneedaneducationinhowandhownottobuythingsatthestore.First,youchecktheweeklynewspaperads.Findouttheitemsthatareonsaleanddecideifyoureallyneedthesethings.Inotherwords,don’tbuyanythingjustbecauseit’scheaperthanusual!"NewandImproved!〞or"AllNatural〞onthefrontofapackageinfluenceyou.Instead,readthelistofingredients<contents>ontheback.Third,pareprices:thatis,youshouldexaminethepricesofbothdifferentbrandsanddifferentsizesofthesamebrand.Anothersuggestionforconsumersistobuyordinaryitemsinsteadoffamousbrands.Ordinaryitemsinsupermarketseinplainpackages.Theseproductsarecheaperbecauseproducersdon’tspendmuchmoneyonpackingoradvertising.Thequality,however,isusuallyasgoodasthequalityofwellknownnamebrands.Inthesameway,inbuyingclothes,youcanoftenfindhighqualityandlowpricesinbrandsthatarenotfamous.Shoppingindiscountclothingstorescanhelpyousavealotofmoney.Althoughthesestoresaren’tveryattractive,