动名词与现在分词用法的区别

PAGEPAGE9动名词与现在分词用法的区别动词的-ing形式按功能可分为动名词和现在分词。动词的-ing形式何时为动名词，何时为现在分词。首先，要从概念上区分。动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词；用作形容词或副词时，称为现在分词。其次，要从用法方面区分动词的-ing形式是动名词还是现在分词。一、动词的-ing形式用作主语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作主语。1．动名词用作主语.ReadingFrenchiseasierthanspeakingit.阅读法文比讲法语容易。Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.和他说话等于对牛弹琴。Smokingcancausecancer.吸烟会致癌。Growingrosesisherhobby.种玫瑰是她的爱好。2．有时it作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面It’sniceseeingyouagain.再次见到你太好了。Itwastiringdrivingfrommorningtillnight.从早到晚开车很累人。It’sawondermeetingyouhere.在这里碰到你真是奇迹。Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.看那本书是浪费时间。3.“Thereis+no”后可以用动名词作主语。这种结构的意思相当于“Itisimpossibletodo…”。Therewasnoarguingwithher.没法和她争论。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。Thereisnoharmindoingso.这样做没有害处。归纳：常用动名词作主语的句型有：Itis/wasawasteoftimedoing做…是浪费时间的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing做…是没益/用处的Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing做…不值得Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做…是值得的Thereisnodoing…无法…,不允许…Thereisnosenseindoing做…没有道理Thereis/wasnousedoing干…无意义Thereis/wasnopointdoing干…无意义①我们不知道要去哪儿。wherewewouldgo.②做这件傻事毫无意义。doingsuchasillything.二、动词的-ing形式用作宾语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。1．有许多动词可接动名词作宾语Isuggestedbringingthemeetingtoanend.我建议结束会议。Soyoupreferlivingabroad?这样说你更愿意住在国外？Hekeptcomplaining.他不停地抱怨。Ifinishedreadingthebooklastnight.这书我昨晚看完了。2．有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语Hehasgivenupplayingfootball.他现在不踢足球了。Priceskeeponincreasing.价格不断上涨。归纳：①有些动词只接ing作宾语,常见的有：enjoy,consider,escape,avoid喜欢考虑不逃避stop,giveup,objectto,risk停止放弃不冒险admit,understand,beworth承认理解很值得mind,imagine,delay,putoff反对想象莫推延require,finish,lookforwardto要求完成是期望suggest,keepon,practise建议继续勤操纵can’thelp,excuse,insiston不禁原谅要坚持goon,appreciate,succeedin继续欣赏便成功②有些动词如remember,forget,try,regret,stop,goon,mean等后既可接动词不定式又可接动名词，但意义不同。remembertodo记得要做某事rememberdoing记得做过某事forgettodo忘记要做某事forgetdoing忘记做过某事regrettodo遗憾要做某事regretdoing后悔做过某事stoptodo停止一件事去做另一件事stopdoing停止做同一件事goontodo继续做另一件事goondoing继续做同一件事meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味着trytodo努力做某事trydoing尝试做某事我很后悔没有早点告诉她这件事。Iregretearlier.我遗憾地说，我明天必走。Iregrettomorrow.三、当动词的-ing形式用作状语时为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。现在分词及其短语可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。（表时间）Livinginthecountry,wehadfewsocialengagements.我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。（表原因）Havingmoney,hewillbuyabiggercar.（表条件）Knowingthesecret,shewouldnottellmeaboutit.（表让步）Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了.（表结果）Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.他靠墙站着.（表方式或伴随情况）四、当动词的-ing形式用作补语时多为现在分词，动名词极少用作补语。①现在分词作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。Whenwereturned,wefoundastrangerstandinginfrontofthehouse.当我们回来时，我们发现有一个陌生人正站在屋前。②当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的现在分词便转换为主语补足语。Theyfoundthefilmveryexciting.=Thefilmisfoundveryexciting.Isawhimgoingupstairs.=Hewasseengoingupstairsbyme.我看见他正在上楼。③能用现在分词作宾语补足语的几类动词:A.表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，（常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等）+sb+doingsth（作宾补）Ifeltsomebodystandingbehindme.我感觉有人正站在我背后。B.表示指使意义的动词使役动词，（常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等）+sb/sth+doingsth(作宾补）Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我们让火整夜燃烧着。Iwon‘thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。C.作为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面可有as，前面的动词多用regard,consider,describe,see,thinkof等。现在分词用作主语补语，多用在被动结构中，与主语构成复合主语。Theydescribedtheyoungmanashavinginitiativeanddrive.他们说这青年积极肯干。五、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词的-ing的作用相当于名词时为动名词。当动词的-ing的作用相当于形容词时，动词的-ing为现在分词。1．动名词用作表语，表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语Herhobbyispainting.她的爱好是绘画。Herjobwastendingthesheep.她的工作是放羊。Themainthingisgettingthereintime.首要的事是及时到达那里。2．现在分词用作表语，表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态，相当于一个形容词Thenewsisencouraging.这消息令人鼓舞。Thisstoryisveryinteresting.这个故事很有趣。Thedaywassocharming.天气真是好极了。Thedifferencewasmoststriking.差别很明显。六、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，即:现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系，通常能改为一个定语从句。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质，或用途或功能，两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。因此，只能改为for加动名词的短语。1．动名词作定语，动名词表性质或用途或功能。swimmingpool=apoolforswimming游泳池drinkingwater=waterfordrinking饮用水swimmingsuit游泳衣waitingroom候车室sleepingbag睡袋parkinglot停车场sleepingpill安眠药writingdesk写字桌sewingmachine缝纫机writingpaper信纸operatingtable手术室checkingaccount活期账户divingsuit潜水衣readingroom阅览室divingboard跳板playingground运动场washingmachine洗衣机boxingcompetition拳击比赛washingpowder洗衣粉speakingcontest演讲比赛fishingpole钓鱼杆fishingline钓鱼线2．现在分词作定语developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping发展中国家aboomingtown=atownthatisbooming日渐繁荣的城镇growingdoubts越来越大的怀疑theexistingcondition现有条件theremainingdays剩下的岁月lastingpeace持久的和平afallingstar流星theleadingnewspapers主要报纸therulingclass统治阶级livingthings有生命的东西theageingpopulation老化的人口therisinggeneration成长的一代现在分词和动名词练习现在分词（1）1.Theoldfarmer,________thebadly-injuredandwoundedsoldier,cameoutoftheburninghouse,________forhelp.A.supporting;calling B.supportedby;calledC.beingsupportedby;called D.beingsupporting;called2.Thebravemandied,________hisyoungwifenothingbuta________cottage.A.left;breakingB.leaving;brokenC.left;brokenD.toleave;breaking3.________hardbefore,Tomisafraidoffailingintheexam.A.HavingbeenworkedB.NottohaveworkedC.HavingneverworkedD.Neverhaveworked4.HesentmeanE-mail,_______togetfurtherinformation.A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope5.________theexam,theboywaspunishedbyhisfather.A.NopassingB.HavingpassedC.NotpassingD.Nothavingpassed6.Time________,Icanhavedoneitbetter.A.permitB.bepermittedC.permittingD.topermit7.________,theboycouldn’tenterhishouse.A.SincethekeyhaslostB.ThekeybeenlostC.LostthekeyD.Havinglostthekey8.________intomanylanguages,thestoryiswellknownallovertheworldnow.A.BeingtranslatedB.HavingtranslatedC.TobetranslatedD.Havingbeentranslated9.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound______inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked10.________fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.A.SufferedB.TosufferC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsuffered11.Wesleptwiththelight________allnightlonglastnight.A.burntB.toburnC.beingburntD.burning12.Lindacan’tattendtheparty________atTom’shouseatpresentbecausesheispreparingaspeechfortheparty________atMarie’shousetomorrow.A.beingheld;tobeheldB.tobeheld;heldC.held;beingheldD.tobeheld;tobeheld13.Thesituationismore________thanever.I’m________aboutwhattodonext.A.puzzled;puzzledB.puzzling;puzzlingC.puzzling;puzzledD.puzzled;puzzling14.When________thatitwasgettinglate,Iputoffthelightandwenttobed.A.findB.findingC.foundD.tofind15.Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,_______fun.A.hadB.haveC.tohaveD.having16.Don'tleavethewater_____whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun17.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_______.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon18.______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated19.Mr.Smith,______ofthe______speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring20.Whenwewatchedthenationalflag______intheOlympicGamesonTV,weraisedacheer.A.riseB.beingrisenC.raisedD.beingraised（2）用词的适当形式填空1.Withtheboy______(lead)theway,wehadnotrouble______(find)thewaytoZhongshanPark2._____thesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand_____fromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmorebeautiful.(See)3.Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheair______(move)againstyourface.4.——Didyouhearher______thispopsongthistimetheotherday?——Yes,andIheardthissong______inEnglish.(sing)5.______(notknow)histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.6.Doyouknowtheboy(lie)underthebigtree?7.(follow)bysomeofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.8.Whenwecame,wefoundthedoctor(exam)apatient.9.(cheat)manytimes,shenowbelievesinnobody.10.Theflowers(smell)sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.动名词（1）1.Nooneenjoys_______at.A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughedD.tobelaughed2.Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse_______.A.tobebrokeninB.frombeingbrokeninC.tobreakinD.frombreakingin3.Theyinsistedon_______anotherchancetotry.A.givenB.givingC.beinggivenD.tobegiven4.—Whereismypassport?Iremember_______ithere.—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Remember_______itwithyouallthetime.A.toput;totakeB.putting;takingC.putting;totakeD.toput;taking5.Hisroomneeds_______,sohemusthaveit.A.painting;paintedB.painted;paintingC.painting;paintingD.painted;painted6.Afterfinishinghishomeworkhewenton_______alettertohisparents.A.writeB.writingC.wroteD.towrite7.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequire_______withgreatcare.A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof8.Ifhesucceeded____ajob,hischildrenwouldn'tbesufferingfromhungernow.A.tofindB.tolookforC.infindingD.inlookingfor9.Istillremember_______tomyhometownwhenIwasyoung.A.takingB.takenC.beingtakenD.totake10.Shedecidedtodevoteherself_______theproblemofoldage.A.tostudyB.studyingC.tostudyingD.study11.Remember_______thenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.putbackC.toputbackD.beputback12.Assheislookingforwardto_______fromme,pleaseremember______thisletteronyourwaytoschool.A.hear;postB.hearing;topostC.beheard;postingD.behearing;toposting13.Grandmasaidthatshehadalotoftrouble_______yourhandwriting.A.toreadB.toseeC.readingC.inseeing14.Writingstoriesandarticles_______whatIenjoymost.A.isB.areC.wasD.were15.Weappreciate_______ustotheball.A.themtoinviteB.toinviteC.theirinvitingD.beinginvited16.Wouldyoumind_______quietforamoment?I'mtrying_______aform.A.keeping;fillingoutB.tokeep;tofilloutC.keeping;tofilloutD.tokeep;fillingout17.Hewasafraid_______forbeinglate.A.ofseeingB.ofbeingseenC.tobeseenD.tohaveseen18.I'dliketosuggest_______themeetingtillnextweek.A.toputoffB.puttingoffC.putoffD.tobeputoff19.Idon'tseehowIcouldpossiblymanage_______theworkwithout.A.finish;helpingB.tofinish;beinghelpedC.finishing;helpingD.finishing;beinghelped20.Anythingworth_______isworthyof_______well.A.doing;beingdoneB.doing;doingC.tobedone;tobedoneD.tobedone;beingdone21.Idelayed_______yourletterbecauseIhadbeenawayforaweek.A.answerB.answeringC.writingD.topost22.Thethiefdroveasfastashecouldtoescape_______bythepolice.A.tobecaughtB.hecaughtC.beingcaughtD.catching23.Isearchedformywalletanditwasn'tthere.Atfirst,IthoughtI_______itathome.ThenIremembered_______