江苏省启东市高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题

2023～2024学年(上)高二期末质量监测英语注意事项考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求：1．本试卷共10页，包含听力(共30分)、阅读(共50分)、语言运用(共30分)、写作(共40分)四部分。本次考试满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。2．答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、考试号等用黑色0.5毫米签字笔填写在答题卡上。3．作答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题卡上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whichpartofthehousehasbeenrepaired?A．Thewalls.B．Theroof.C．Thedoors.2．What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Classmates.B．Teacherandstudent.C．Librarianandstudent.3．Whattimeisit?A．9:10.B．9:00.C．8:50.4．Whatproblemdoesthewomanhave?AShecan’treadmessages.BShecan’tfallasleepatnight.C．Sheisaddictedtoherphone.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Theirage.B．Theman’shairstyle.C．Thewoman’scolleagues.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Atschool.B．Atashop.C．Athome.7．Whatwilltheboydonext?A．Checkhisbike.B．Buyapen.C．Reviewhisnotes.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Whyisthemansurprisedbythemeal?A．Itwasveryhot.B．Ittastedverygood.C．Itwasveryexpensive.9．HowmanytimeshasthewomanbeentoItaly?A．One.B．Two.C．Six.10．Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A．BooktraveltoItaly.B．Gotoabarforadrink.C．GotoanItalianrestaurant.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Wherearethespeakersgoingnow?A．Toahotel.B．Toapark.C．Toamuseum.12．Whatdoweknowaboutthespeakers?A．Theyarelocals.B．Theyaretourists.C．Theyareonabusinesstrip.13．Howdoesthewomanfeel?A．Tired.B．Upset.C．Hungry.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14．Whywasthenewpieceoffurnituresocheap?A．Itwasverydirty.B．Allthelegswereweak.C．Thebackhadasmallproblem.15．Whatcoloristheoldsofa?A．Green.B．White.C．Yellow.16．Whatdoesthemansayaboutthewoman?A．Sheoftenmakesthingsdirty.B．Shedislikesthecolorwhite.C．Shealwaysfindscheapgoods.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．Whatisthepurposeoftheexperiment?A．Tostopdiseasesspreading.B．Tokillthemalemosquitoes.C．Tointroduceanewmosquito.18．Whatweretheenvironmentalgroupsworriedabout?A．Toomanymosquitoeswilldie.B．Mosquitoesmayresistchemicals.C．Malemosquitoeswillbitehumans.19．Whatisknownaboutmosquitoes?A．Onlyfemalesspreaddisease.B．Themalesneedhumanblood.C．Thefemalesfeedonlyonplants.20．Whatcouldbenefitmostiftheexperimentissuccessful?A．Theenvironment.B．Theeconomy.C．Humanhealth.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIfyou’researchingforavacationspotthathitsbothyourfixforcitylifeandaccesstonature,Seattleistheperfectplacetovisit.LocatedinWashington,it’shometosomeofthemostbeautifulnaturallandscapesinthecountry.SpaceNeedleYou’llgettheopportunitytoclimbtoafewlevelsoftheobservationtowerandadmiretheimpressiveviewsoftheMississippiRiverandthemountains.You’llalsobeabletovisittheLoupeLoungetoenjoyacirclingglassfloorexperienceandseatonaSkyriser—anangledglassbenchontheopenairobservationdeck.UndergroundHistoryTourThisonehour,smallgrouptourwilltakeyouintothefascinatingworldbeneathSeattle’sstreets.You’lltravelalongtheundergroundpathwaysconstructedoveracenturyagoandlearndetailsaboutSeattle’searlyhistoryfromyourknowledgeableguide.You’llhearstoriesoftheKlondikeGoldRush,SkidRowandthearea’soriginalinhabitants(居民).SeattleHarborCruiseOnthisguidedcruise,you’llgetachancetoadmirethesweepingviewsoftheOlympicMountainsandlearnmoreaboutthehistoryofthecity.You’llheadtoPugetSoundtoseeavarietyofwildlifeintheinlandbodyofwater.Thecruiseeswithafullservicebaraboardwhereyoucanpurchasecocktails,localwine,beer,snacksandmuchmorewhilerelaxingonthetour.MuseumofFlightYoucanexplorethefascinatingexhibitsoftheMuseumofFlight.Inside,you’llfind175aircraftandspacecraft,thousandsofartefactsandrarephotographs.You’lllearnaboutthehistoryofflightfromhumblebeginningstothefighterplanesofWorldWarIandII.YoucanevenstepaboardaBoeingplanandviewaspaceshuttleintheAviationPavilion.1.Whichplacewillhelpyoulearnaboutspaceadventure?A.SpaceNeedle. B.UndergroundHistoryTour.C.MuseumofFlight. D.SeattleHarborCruise.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoonSeattleHarborCruise?A.OverlookfromtheOlympicMountains. B.Enjoyvariouskindsoffoodanddrink.C.Seeavarietyofwildlifeindeepoceans. D.AdmiresplendidviewsoftheMississippi.3.Whatcanyougetinallthefourtouristspots?A.Mentalrelaxation. B.Historicalknowledge. C.Afreeguide. D.Aflyingexperience.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了西雅图的四个度假胜地。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据MuseumofFlight部分“Inside,you’llfind175aircraftandspacecraft,thousandsofartefactsandrarephotographs.You’lllearnaboutthehistoryofflightfromhumblebeginningstothefighterplanesofWorldWarIandII.YoucanevenstepaboardaBoeingplanandviewaspaceshuttleintheAviationPavilion.(在里面，你会发现175架飞机和航天器，数千件文物和罕见的照片。你将了解从卑微的开始到第一次和第二次世界大战战斗机的飞行历史。你甚至可以登上波音公司的飞机，在航空馆观看航天飞机)”可知，MuseumofFlight能帮助你了解太空冒险。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据SeattleHarborCruise部分“Thecruiseeswithafullservicebaraboardwhereyoucanpurchasecocktails,localwine,beer,snacksandmuchmorewhilerelaxingonthetour.(游轮上有一个提供全方位服务的酒吧，您可以在这里购买鸡尾酒、当地葡萄酒、啤酒、小吃等，同时在旅途中放松身心)”可知，在SeattleHarborCruise，游客可以享受各种各样的食物和饮料。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Ifyou’researchingforavacationspotthathitsbothyourfixforcitylifeandaccesstonature,Seattleistheperfectplacetovisit.(如果你正在寻找一个既能适应城市生活又能接触自然的度假胜地，西雅图是一个完美的旅游之地)”可知，在这四个旅游景点，你可以适应城市生活并接触自然，你能得到精神放松。故选A。BForCruz,whogrewupinPeru’smountainousregionofCuzco,fogrepresentsamassiveopportunity.Asaboy,hehadtohikeformorethananhoureverydayacrossroughhillstocollectwaterfromthenearestsource.Butovertime,herealizedthatduringtherainyseason,dropsofwaterwouldgatherinthelargeleavesofbananatrees.Oneday,heandhisfatherbuiltacanalsystemwiththeleavestocollectwater.HemovedtoLimaattheageof25.Shockedbythewatershortagesandexpensivewatersupplythatsomeofthecity’spoorestresidentsweresuffering,CruzsetupEIMovimientoPeruanossinAguain2005.Theideawastodeploythemethodhelearnedinhishometownonalarger,betteradaptedscale,whichwouldprovidefree,independentlysourcedandeasilyaccessiblewatertothosewhoneededitmost.Hebeganinstalling(安装)atraditionalfogcatchermodeldevelopedinthe1980s.Thenonprofitprovidedthematerialsforfree,andthemunitybuilttheinfrastructure(基础设施)themselves.AtthehighestpointofLosTresMiradores,thereisacurioussetoflargestructuresthatislikeafleetofshipsinthesky.Theyaresocalled“fogcatchers”.The40fogcatchersthereprovideenoughwaterfor180families,whethertobathe,clean,drink(afterbeingfilteredathome)ortoirrigatecropsonsmallgardenpatches.Supportersbelievethatfogcatchershavethepotentialtoimprovewatersupplyformunitiesaroundtheworldamideverchallengingconditions.GermanresearcherLummerichsays,“Theyarecheap,easytoconstruct.Inaworldsearchingforwatersupplysystems,itisoneimportantapproachthatcanmakeanessentialdifferencelocally.Itcouldmakethedifferencebetweenhavingwaterandnothavingwateravailable.”Therearesomeissues,however.Forone,fogcatchersrequirespace,whichisnotalwayseasytoebyincities.Atthesametime,fogcatchersmustbeproperlycleanedandmaintainedtostayeffective.Mostcrucially,appropriateclimateconditionsarerequired.Fogisn’teverywhere.4.WhydidCruzsetupEIMovimientoPeruanossinAguain2005?A.Toraisemoneyforthepoorestresidents. B.Toconstructtheinfrastructureforthecity.C.Tobuildacanalsystemforhishometown. D.Toofferwatertopeoplewhoneeditbadly.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deploy”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Employ. B.Abandon. C.Design. D.Explore.6.Whatistheproblemwithfogcatchersinurbanareas?A.Highexpenses. B.Publicopposition. C.Technicalfaults. D.Spacelimitation.7.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Apracticalapplicationoffogcatchersincities B.ThedevelopmentofaclimateorganizationC.Acreativemethodofimprovingwatersupply D.Theimportanceofinfrastructureconstruction【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一个成长在秘鲁山区的年轻人把在自己家乡所尝试发明的收集水的方式带到了后来搬去的一个水资源特别贫乏的地区，运用捕雾的方式解决了当地缺水的困境，给当地居民和生产都带了很多好处。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Shockedbythewatershortagesandexpensivewatersupplythatsomeofthecity’spoorestresidentsweresuffering,CruzsetupEIMovimientoPeruanossinAguain2005.(一些城市最贫穷的居民正在遭受水资源短缺和昂贵的供水，Cruz对此感到震惊，于2005年成立了EIMovimientoPeruanossinAgua。)”可知，Cruz建立EIMovimientoPeruanossinAgua是为了给遭受水资源短缺的人提供水。故选D。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Shockedbythewatershortagesandexpensivewatersupplythatsomeofthecity’spoorestresidentsweresuffering,CruzsetupEIMovimientoPeruanossinAguain2005.(一些城市最贫穷的居民面临着水资源短缺和昂贵的供水，Cruz感到震惊，于2005年成立了ElMovimientoPeruanossinAgua。)”和下文“Hebeganinstalling(安装)atraditionalfogcatchermodeldevelopedinthe1980s.(他开始安装上世纪80年代开发的传统捕雾器模型。)”可知，此处讲述了Cruz产生该想法是因为被当地的水资源贫乏情况震惊，他有了想法后便着手解决该问题。由此可知，这种想法应该是将之前在家乡学到的收集水的方法“使用”到新的环境中，划线词意思应该是“使用”，与employ意思相近。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Forone,fogcatchersrequirespace,whichisnotalwayseasytoebyincities.(首先，捕雾器需要空间，这在城市里并不容易找到。)”可知，在城市地区，捕雾器的问题是空间限制。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文结合倒数第一段的“Supportersbelievethatfogcatchershavethepotentialtoimprovewatersupplyformunitiesaroundtheworldamideverchallengingconditions.(支持者认为，捕雾器有潜力在日益严峻的环境下改善世界各地社区的供水。)”可知，文章主要讲述了一个成长在秘鲁山区的年轻人把在自己家乡所尝试发明的收集水的方式带到了后来搬去的一个水资源特别贫乏的地区，运用捕雾的方式解决了当地缺水的困境，给当地居民和生产都带了很多好处。在充满挑战的环境中，捕雾器有潜力改善世界各地社区的供水。由此可知，C项“一种改善供水的创造性方法”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C。CHowofteninyourbusylifewhenfacedwithanissueoraproblemdoyouconsidersubtraction(减法)?Everyday,withbigandsmallchallenges,weignoreabasicwaytomakethingsbetter.Wearegreatataddingtoour“todos”,butwedon’tconsider“stopdoings”.Wecollectnewandimprovedideas,butdon’tdeletetheoutdatedones.Doyourresolutionsmoreoftenstartwith“Ishoulddomoreof…”thanwith“Ishoulddolessof…”?Doyouaddnewrulesinyourhouseholdorworkplacemoreoftenthanyoutakerulesaway?Inourstrivingtoimproveourlives,ourworkandoursociety,weoverwhelminglyadd.LeidyKlotz’sLegobridgetest,withtwosupporttowersofdifferingheights,foundthatalmosteveryoneaddedaLegobricktotheshortertower,ratherthanremovingabrickfromthelongertower.Thevalidsubtractionsolutionproducedastrongeroute.Whydoweignoretheoptiontosubtractfromwhatisalreadythere?Whydowefailtousesubtractionasawaytochangethings?Firstly,behaviouralsciencesuggeststhatourbrainsarewiredtoignoresubtraction.Initialstudiesshowthatourmentalshortcutshaveapreferenceforaddingwhensolvingproblem.Wearetrickedbyourmindset.Further,wehaveatendencytothinkadditionorsubtraction;however,theycanbeplementary(互补的)waystomakechanges.Soweignoresubtractionbecauseitisoftenhardertothinkof.Moreover,evenwhenwedomanagetothinkofit,subtractingcanbehardertoperform.Inchemistry,valency(化合价)referstoanelementalforcethatisnotnecessarilyvisiblebuthelpsexplaintheelements’behaviour.Psychologicalvalencyistheinnerattractivenessorstrongdislikeofsomething.Thereisanegativevalencyaroundsubtracting.Eventhewordsubtractionhasanegativevalency.Subtractionistheactofgettingtolessbutitisnotthesameasdoingless.Gettingtolessoftenmeansdoing,oratleastthinking,more.InyourpursuitofsuccessandhappinessIencourageyoutooverethetendencytoignoresubtraction.Subtractingcanbedelightful!8.Whatdopeopleusuallydowhenfacedwithproblemsinlife?A.Adoptsubtraction. B.Stopdoingthings.C.Addnewrules. D.Abandonoutdatedideas.9.Howdidtheauthorprovehisviewpoint?A.Byparingexamples. B.Byconductingasurvey.C.Byanalyzingstatistics. D.Bycitingatypicaltest.10.Whatcausespeopletoignoretheoptionofsubtraction?AInitialfixedmindset. B.Resistancetochange.C.Flexiblementaldesire. D.Expectationforsuccess.11.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.Statepossiblereasons. B.Offervaluableadvice.C.Givesomewarnings. D.Provideusefulproof.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了在忙碌的生活中，当你面对一个问题时，习惯性做加法，作者建议克服忽视减法的倾向，做减法让人愉快。【8题详解】细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Wearegreatataddingtoour“todos”,butwedon’tconsider“stopdoings”.(我们很擅长增加我们的“待办事项”，但我们不考虑“停止行动”。)”可知，当人们面对生活中的问题时，通常会添加新规则。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。文章第四段讲到“LeidyKlotz’sLegobridgetest,withtwosupporttowersofdifferingheights,foundthatalmosteveryoneaddedaLegobricktotheshortertower,ratherthanremovingabrickfromthelongertower.(LeidyKlotz的乐高大桥测试有两个不同高度的支撑塔，发现几乎每个人都在较短的塔上添加了一块乐高积木，而不是从较长的塔上取下一块积木。)”可知，作者是通过引用一个典型的测试证明他的观点的。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。文章第六段讲到“Initialstudiesshowthatourmentalshortcutshaveapreferenceforaddingwhensolvingproblem.(最初的研究表明，在解决问题时，我们的思维捷径更倾向于加法。)”可知，最初的固定心态导致人们忽略了减法的选项。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Gettingtolessoftenmeansdoing,oratleastthinking,more.InyourpursuitofsuccessandhappinessIencourageyoutooverethetendencytoignoresubtraction.Subtractingcanbedelightful!(减少时间意味着做得更多，或者至少想得更多。在你追求成功和幸福的过程中，我鼓励你克服忽视减法的倾向。减法可以令人愉快！)”可知，作者在最后一段是提供有价值的建议。故选B。DUnderwatertravelisdifficultanddangerous,butmanypeoplehavereasonstostaydeepundertheocean.Soldiersinsubmarinestravellongdistancesunderwater.panieslookingforoilandotherresourcesstayunderwater,too.Humanshaveeupwithafewdesignsofvehiclestomovearoundundertheocean.Butwhatiftherewasabetterwaytotravel?HilaryBartSmith,anengineerattheUniversityofVirginia,thinksavehiclethattravelslikeamantaraywouldbeabletooperateforlongperiodsatseaasifitwerealivingorganism.Mantarays,atypeofcartilaginous(软骨的)fish,cangrowupto29feetlong,whicharefoundthroughouttheworldintropical,subtropical,andtemperatewaters.Mantaraysaresomeofthemostefficientswimmersintheocean.Differentfromanimalsandpeoplepushingagainstwaterinordertoswim,themantarayswimsbymovingthroughthewaterwithwinglikemovementsoftheirfins(鳍).Efficiencymeansusinglessenergytomovefartherandcausinglesspollution.BartSmithandotherengineersattheUniversityofVirginiahadtofindoutwhatmantarayslookedlikeontheinsidetobetterunderstandhowtheymove.Theytookxraystofindouthowamantaray’sfinsarebuilt.Theyfoundthatawebofcartilage,whichisthesamekindofmaterialthatyourearsandnosearemadefrom,stretchesacrosseachfin.Oncetheengineersknewhowamantaray’sfinwasconstructed,theycouldbuildoneoftheirown.Theymadealongrowofmetalstrutswithmanyhingestoimitatethemantaray’swebofcartilage,actinglikeyourfinger,whichcanbendasonelongline,orbendinmanyplacestomakeacurve.Theengineersputtheirdesigninsideaflexiblecover,shapedlikeamantaray’sfin.Thentheytesteditintheuniversityswimmingpool.Theywerehappytoseethatitswamjustlikeamantarayintheocean.Engineersandscientistsarestilllearningandexperimentingwithhowtoimitatetheseamazinganimals.Perhapssomedayengineerswillbeabletobuildmantarayrobotsthatarebigenoughtotransportpeople.Fornow,engineersstudytheirmovementandlearnfromthemostefficientswimmersintheocean.12.Whydoestheauthorraiseaquestioninthefirstparagraph?A.Toleadtothemaintopic. B.Toaskforacorrectanswer.C.Tosuggestexploringthesea. D.Tosummarizepeople’sviews.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutamantaray?A.Itcangrowatleast29feetlong. B.Itswimswithmuchlessenergy.C.Itcaninhabitallkindsofwaters. D.Itswimsbypushingagainstwater.14.Whatcanweinferfromtheresearch?A.Theengineersfailedtobuildamantaray’sfin. B.Artificial“mantarays”remaintobeimproved.C.Theexperimentswerecarriedoutintheocean. D.Vehicleslikemantarayshavebeenputintouse.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheproject?A.Unclear. B.Doubtful. C.Negative. D.Optimistic.【答案】12.A13.B14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了工程师们模仿魔鬼鱼的游泳方式来提高水下交通工具的效率。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Humanshaveeupwithafewdesignsofvehiclestomovearoundundertheocean.Butwhatiftherewasabetterwaytotravel?(人类已经想出了一些在海洋下移动的交通工具的设计。但如果有更好的行进方式呢？)”以及第二段“HilaryBartSmith,anengineerattheUniversityofVirginia,thinksavehiclethattravelslikeamantaraywouldbeabletooperateforlongperiodsatseaasifitwerealivingorganism.(弗吉尼亚大学的工程师HilaryBartSmith认为，像魔鬼鱼一样行进的交通工具能够在海上长时间运行，就好像它是一个活的有机体一样)”可知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了引出文章主题，工程师们模仿魔鬼鱼的游泳方式制造高效的交通工具。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Mantaraysaresomeofthemostefficientswimmersintheocean.Differentfromanimalsandpeoplepushingagainstwaterinordertoswim,themantarayswimsbymovingthroughthewaterwithwinglikemovementsoftheirfins(鳍).Efficiencymeansusinglessenergytomovefartherandcausinglesspollution.(魔鬼鱼是海洋中最有效率的游泳者之一。与为了游泳而推水的动物和人不同，魔鬼鱼是通过鳍的翅膀状运动在水中移动来游泳的。效率意味着使用更少的能量走得更远，造成更少的污染)”可知，魔鬼鱼游泳的效率高，需要的能量少。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Theengineersputtheirdesigninsideaflexiblecover,shapedlikeamantaray’sfin.Thentheytesteditintheuniversityswimmingpool.Theywerehappytoseethatitswamjustlikeamantarayintheocean.(工程师们把他们的设计放在一个有弹性的盖子里，盖子的形状像魔鬼鱼的鳍。然后他们在大学的游泳池里进行了测试。他们很高兴看到它像魔鬼鱼一样在海里游动)”以及第五段“Engineersandscientistsarestilllearningandexperimentingwithhowtoimitatetheseamazinganimals.(工程师和科学家仍在学习和试验如何模仿这些神奇的动物)”可知，人造的魔鬼鱼鳍已经在大学的游泳池进行了测试，但工程师和科学家仍在学习和试验，仍需改进。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Perhapssomedayengineerswillbeabletobuildmantarayrobotsthatarebigenoughtotransportpeople.Fornow,engineersstudytheirmovementandlearnfromthemostefficientswimmersintheocean.(也许有一天，工程师们将能够制造出足够大的魔鬼鱼机器人来运送人。目前，工程师们研究它们的动作，并向海洋中最高效的游泳运动员学习)”可知，作者对魔鬼鱼的研究持乐观的态度。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thejourneytowardsselfimprovementandpersonalsuccessisoftenpavedwithchallengesandobstacles.____16____Thepowerofmindsetextendsbeyondmerepositivethinking.Itshapesyourattitudesandactions,therebyshapingyourdestiny.Mindsetrestsonafundamentalprinciple:yourinnerbeliefsandthoughtscanformyourreality.____17____Itisalsoabouthowanoptimisticmindsetfosters(培养)improveddecisionmaking,heightenedproblemsolvingabilities,andstrongerresilienceagainstchallenges.Factorsliketalentandhardworkareoftenhighlightedinprofessionalsuccess.____18____Consideraphysicaltherapist,whomayencounterlimitationsintheireffectivenessduetoanegativeorfixedmindsetdespitepossessingthenecessaryskillsandknowledge.Thissituationunderlineshowagrowthmindsetisessential.____19____Itisagamechangerinpersonalandprofessionaldevelopment.Itiscenteredaroundthebeliefthatabilitiesandintelligencearenotfixedtraitsbutcanbecultivatedthrougheffort,learning,andperseverance.Tomakefulluseofthepotentialofyourmindset,itiscrucialtoconfrontandoverelimitingbeliefs.Youmayneverrealizeit.____20____A.Thisisn’tmerelyhopefulthinking.B.Effortandabilitycanequalapositivemindset.C.Thegrowthmindsetmeanscontinuousimprovement.D.Infact,mindsetemergesasanequallycriticalelement.E.Suchbeliefscanactasinvisiblebarrierstoyoursuccess.F.Mindsetplaysanimportantroleinbuildinggoodrelationship.G.However,acrucialelementthatinfluencesthisjourneyisthemindset.【答案】16.G17.A18.D19.C20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心态是自我完善和个人成功的旅程的一个关键因素，心态的力量塑造一个人的态度和行为，从而塑造个人的命运。【16题详解】根据上文“Thejourneytowardsselfimprovementandpersonalsuccessisoftenpavedwithchallengesandobstacles.(自我完善和个人成功的旅程往往充满了挑战和碍)”和下文“Thepowerofmindsetextendsbeyondmerepositivethinking.Itshapesyourattitudesandactions,therebyshapingyourdestiny.(心态的力量超越了单纯的积极思考。它塑造你的态度度和行为，从而塑造你的命运)”可知，尽管一个人在自我完善和走向个人成功的旅程中充满坎坷，但一个人的心态却可以决定其命运。选项G“然而，影响这段旅程的一个关键因素是心态”能够承上启下，符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】根据上文“Mindsetrestsonafundamentalprinciple:yourinnerbeliefsandthoughtscanformyourreality.(心态建立在一个基本原则上：你内心的信念和想法可以形成你的现实)”中的“innerbeliefsandthoughts”以及下文“Itisalsoabouthowanoptimisticmindsetfosters(培养)improveddecisionmaking,heightenedproblemsolvingabilities,andstrongerresilienceagainstchallenges.(这也是关于乐观心态如何促进决策的改进、解决问题的能力的提高以及应对挑战的更强韧性)”中的“decisionmaking”可知，选项A“这不仅仅是充满希望的想法”中thinking切合段落主旨，起到街接语境作用。故选A。【18题详解】根据下文“Consideraphysicaltherapist,whomayencounterlimitationsintheireffectivenessduetoanegativeorfixedmindsetdespitepossessingthenecessaryskillsandknowledge.Thissituationunderlineshowagrowthmindsetisessential.(考虑一位物理治疗师，尽管他拥有必要的技能和知识，但由于消极或固定的心态，他们的有效性可能会受到限制。这种情况突显了成长心态的重要性)”可知，此处说明心态的重要性。由此可知，选项D“事实上，心态是一个同样重要的因素”能够衔接下文，符合题意。故选D。【19题详解】根据下文“Itisagamechangerinpersonalandprofessionaldevelopment.Itiscenteredaroundthebeliefthatabilitiesandintelligencearenotfixedtraitsbutcanbecultivatedthrougheffort,learning,andperseverance.(这是个人和职业发展的游戏规则。它的核心是相信能力和智力不是固定的特征，而是可以通过努力，学习和毅力来培养的)”可知，此外说明心心态是应该可以培养和进步的。由此可知，选项C“成长心态意味着不断进步”能够衔接下文，符合题意。故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“Tomakefulluseofthepotentialofyourmindset,itiscrucialtoconfrontandoverelimitingbeliefs.Youmayneverrealizeit.(为了充分利用你的心态的潜力，直面和克服有限的信念是至关重要的。你可能永远不会意识到这一点)”可知，本段强调了要直面和克服有限的信念。由此可知，选项E“这样的信念会成为你成功的无形障碍”能够承接上文，Suchbeliefs对应上文中的limitingbeliefs，符合题意，故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。“I’vemetanoldlady,”Ieagerlytoldmyparentsononeofourdailyphone.Ivolunteeredtostartaknittingclubatacarehomeforthe____21____innorthLondon.Ididn’trealizeitwouldbethestartofaclose____22____,whereourages____23____sharply.Fromthebeginning,IneverfeltthatEdithandIlacked____24____.IwasamazedthatEdith,at110,couldtalkwithmeaboutanything,andthather____25____stretchedbacksoeasily,____26____evensmallthingsthattookplace100yearsago.WhenIfirstmetEdith,Iwas____27____byherintelligenceandvitality.Herdoctor’sdegreefromtheUniversityofViennatoldmeaboutthis.Asachild,shelovedtoskateonthelakeinwinters,butinherlateryearssheadoredthesummer,____28____herphysicalconditions.Althoughfromhernineties,shewas____29____toawheelchair,sheparticipatedintheexerciseclasses.OvertheyearsofvisitingEdith,IunderstoodhowEdithvaluedthe____30____ofpeopleaboveeverythingelseandmaterialpossessions,whichwasareminderofhowweshould____31____ourlives.Deathat111isnotunexpected,butIstillfeelthatsomethingis____32____frommylife.Ifeelveryfortunatetohaveformedsucha____33____bondwitharemarkablelady,fromwhomIlearntotakethewordsof____34____.Iappreciatenothingmorethantheopportunitytoregainnew____35____intolife.21.A.lonely B.elderly C.disabled D.deserted22.A.friendship B.cooperation C.encounter D.petition23.A.switched B.contracted C.contrasted D.identified24.A.adaptation B.mitment C.conversation D.attention25.A.memory B.organ C.anxiety D.manner26.A.explaining B.recalling C.forgetting D.expecting27.A.confused B.urged C.denied D.struck28.A.callingon B.allowingfor C.sortingout D.beatingdown29.A.devoted B.admitted C.restricted D.addicted30.A.pany B.discipline C.resolution D.departure31.A.follow B.tackle C.restore D.engage32.A.arising B.ranging C.missing D.suffering33.A.racial B.diverse C.visible D.special34.A.plaint B.praise C.gratitude D.wisdom35.A.insights B.parison C.investment D.remarks【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.C25.A26.B27.D28.B29.C30.A31.D32.C33.D34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在伦敦北部一家养老院志愿组织针织俱乐部时，与一位110岁高龄的老妇人建立了深厚的友谊的故事。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我自愿在伦敦北部的一家养老院成立了一个针织俱乐部。A.lonely孤独的；B.elderly年老的；C.disabled残疾的；D.deserted被抛弃的。根据下文“IwasamazedthatEdith,at110,couldtalkwithmeaboutanything”可知，110岁的伊迪丝可以和作者谈论任何事情，所以此处表示作者为老年人成立了一个针织俱乐部。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有意识到这将是一段亲密友谊的开始，在这段友谊中，我们的年龄形成了鲜明的对比。A.friendship友谊；B.cooperation合作；C.encounter偶遇；D.petition比赛。根据下文“Ifeelveryfortunatetohaveformedsucha____13____bondwitharemarkablelady,fromwhomIlearntotakethewordsof____14____.”可知，作者感到非常幸运能与一位杰出的女士建立如此特殊的关系，所以此处表示作者与这位老人有一段亲密的友谊。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有意识到这将是一段亲密友谊的开始，在这段友谊中，我们的年龄形成了鲜明的对比。A.switched转换；B.contracted订契约；C.contrasted比较，对比；D.identified确认。根据下文“IwasamazedthatEdith,at110,couldtalkwithmeaboutanything,”以及常识可知，伊迪丝已经110岁，所以此处表示伊迪丝和作者的年龄形成了鲜明的对比。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从一开始，我就没觉得伊迪丝和我缺少交流。A.adaptation适应；B.mitment奉献；C.conversation对话；D.attention注意力。根据下文“IwasamazedthatEdith,at110,couldtalkwithmeaboutanything,”可知，伊迪丝可以和作者谈论任何事，此处表示伊迪丝和作者不缺少交流。故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，110岁的伊迪丝可以和我谈论任何事情，她的记忆很容易恢复，甚至可以回忆起100年前发生的小事。A.memory记忆；B.organ器官；C.anxiety焦虑；D.manner方式。根据下文“evensmallthingsthattookplace100yearsago”可知，此处表示伊迪丝还可以回忆起100年前的小事，所以此处表示她的记忆很容易恢复。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，110岁的伊迪丝可以和我谈论任何事情，她的记忆很容易恢复，甚至可以回忆起100年前发生的小事。A.explaining解释；B.recalling回忆；C.forgetting忘记；D.expecting期盼。根据下文“evensmallthingsthattookplace100yearsago”以及语境可知，此处表示伊迪丝甚至可以回忆起100年前发生的小事。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次见到伊迪丝时，她的聪明和活力使我触动。A.confused使困惑，迷惑；B.urged催促；C.denied否认；D.struck突然想到。根据下文“Herdoctor’sdegreefromtheUniversityofViennatoldmeaboutthis.Asachild,shelovedtoskateonthelakeinwinters,butinherlateryearssheadoredthesummer,____8____herphysicalconditions.”可知，伊迪丝已经110岁，仍然很有活力，所以此处表示伊迪丝的聪明和活力使作者触动，bestruckby为固定短语，意思为：被触动。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：小时候，她喜欢冬天在湖上滑冰，但在晚年，考虑到她的身体状况，她喜欢夏天。A.callingon呼吁；B.allowingfor考虑到；C.sortingout分类；D.beatingdown猛烈照射。根据上文“butinherlateryearssheadoredthesummer”可知，在晚年，她喜欢夏天，这是考虑到她的身体状况。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管从90多岁开始，她就只能坐轮椅了，但她还是参加了健身班。A.devoted奉献；B.admitted允许进入，承认；C.restricted限制；D.addicted上瘾。根据下文“butinherlateryearssh