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2003年职称英语等级考试综合类B级试题及答案第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajorimpactontravelpreferences.
AforceBinfluenceCsurpriseDpower
2Canyoufollowtheplot?
AchangeBinvestigateCwriteDunderstand
3Eveninahighlymodernizedcountry,manualworkisstillneeded.
AphysicalBmentalCnaturalDhard
4Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed
AresultBjudgmentCdecisionDevent
5NormanBlameyisanartistofdeepconvictions.
AstatementsBbeliefsCsuggestionsDclaims
6Uptonow,theworkhasbeeneasy.
ASoBSolongCSothatDSofar
7Thereportadvocatedsettingupdaytrainingcolleges.
AsupposedBexcitedCsuggestedDdiscussed
8Accordingly,anumberofothermethodshavebeenemployed
AThereforeBAfterwardsCHoweverDFurthermore
9Theoutlookfromthetopofthemountainisbreathtaking.
AviewBsightClookDpoint
10Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.
AtenselyBnearlyCcarefullyDclosely
11Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.
AexplainedBinventedCconsideredDaccepted
12Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.
AheavyBstrongCkindDwild
13Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.
AmakingBtakingCdiscussingDexpecting
14Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing
AwasteBbuyCuseDsell
15Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.
AfunctionBabilityCpowerDvolume
第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息,请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及,请在答题卡上把C涂黑
APayRiseorNot?
“UnlessIgetarise,I’llhaveatalkwiththeboss,HenryManley,”GeorgeStrongsaidtohimself.Georgelikedhisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedin,buthiswifekepttellinghimthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.ThatwaswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirmingham,anearbycityabout50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythere,andthepaywasfarbetter.
GeorgelivedinWyeford,amedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedtheplaceanddidn’tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelse,butifhetookthejobinBirmingham,hewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere.
HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturingelectricmotors.Thecompanywasindeeptroublebecause,amongotherreasons,theJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylowprices.Asaresult,Manleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsaswell.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhen,orderswerestillnotcominginfastenough,sothattherewasnomoneyforraises(加工资)forhisworkers.Somehow,hehadtostrugglealongandkeephisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang.
HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwasabout.GeorgeStrongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadnofutureunlessitcouldattractandkeepmenlikehim.Manleyrubbedhisforehead(前额);hisproblemsseemedendless.
16HenryManleywasalreadydeeplyindebt.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
17ThejobthathadbeenofferedtoGeorgeStronginBirminghampaidbetter.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
18IfGeorgeStrongtookthejobinBirmingham,hewouldhavetoleavehisfamilyinWyeford.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
19HenryManley’scompanywasindeeptrouble.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
20HenryManley’scompanywasmakingenoughprofitstoraisetheworkers’wages.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
21HenryManleyhadnoideaatallwhyGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehim.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
22GeorgeStrongwasaverycreativeengineer.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,3,5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项,分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
KeepingCutFlowers
1Whileeverybodyenjoysfreshcutflowersaroundhishouse,fewpeopleknowhowtokeepthemforaslongaspossible.Thismaybedonebykeepinginmindafewsimplefacts.
2Animportantthingtorememberaboutcutflowersisthattheyaresensitivetotemperature.Forexample,studieshaveshownthatcutcarnations(康乃馨)retaintheirfreshnesseighttimeslongerwhenkeptat12oCthanwhenkeptat260c.Keepingfreshlyharvestedflowersattherighttemperaturesisprobablythemostimportantaspectofflowercare.
3Flowersarenotintendedbynaturetoliveverylong.Theirbiologicalpurposeissimplytoattractbirdsorinsects,suchasbees,forpollination(授粉).Afterthat,theyquicklydryupanddie.Theprocessbywhichflowersconsumeoxygenandproducecarbondioxide(二氧化碳),calledrespiration(呼吸),generatestheenergytheflowerneedstogivethefloweritsshapeandcolour.Themakingofseedsalsodependsonthisenergy.Whilealllivingthingsrespire,flowershaveahighlevelofrespiration.Aresultofallthisrespirationisheat,andforflowersthelevelofheatrelativetothemassoftheflowerisveryhigh.Respirationalsobringsabouttheeventualdeathoftheflower.Thusthegreaterthelevelofrespiration,thesoonertheflowerdies.
4How,then,tocontroltherateatwhichflowersdie?Bycontrollingrespiration.Howisrespirationcontrolled?Bycontrollingtemperature.Weknowthatrespirationproducesheat,butthereverseisalsotrue.Thusbymaintaininglowtemperatures,respirationisreducedandthecutflowerwillagemoreslowly.
5Anothervitalfactorinkeepingcutflowersisthequalityofthewaterinwhichtheyareplaced.Flowersfinditdifficultto“drink”waterthatisdirtyorotherwisepolluted.Evenwhenwaterlooksandsmellsclean,italmostcertainlycontainsharmfulsubstancesthatcanendangertheflowers.Toridthewateroftheseunwantedsubstances,householdchlorinebleach(含氯漂白剂)canbeusedinsmallquantities.Itisrecommendedthat15dropsofchlorinebleach(at4%solution)beaddedtoeachlitreofwater.Thewaterandsolutionshouldalsobereplacedeachday.
23Paragraph2__________________
24Paragraph3__________________
25Paragraph4__________________
26Paragraph5__________________
27Afewsimplefactswillhelpyoukeepcutflowers_______________
28Respirationplaysakeyrole________________
29Theagingofcutflowerscanbesloweddown_________________
30Anotherimportantwaytoprolongthelifeofcutflowersis____________________
第4部分:阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题,每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容,从每题所给的4个选项中选择个最佳答案,涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇NewFoodsandtheNewWorld
Inthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople---nottheirclothes,ideas,orlanguages—haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatree(可可树)bySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500’s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensive,itquicklybecamefashionable.InLondon,shopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday.
ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600,theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEurope,whereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthe“PotatoFamine(饥荒)”of1845—1846,andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica.
TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffee,andcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopia,acountryinAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabsduringthe1400’s.
AccordingtoanArabiclegend,coffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnamedKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthe“wide-awake”feelingthatone-thirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith.
31Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostinthelast500years?
AFood
BClothing
CIdeology
DLanguage
32“some”inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphrefersto
Asomecocoatrees
Bsomechocolatedrinks.
Csomeshops
DsomeSouthAmericanIndians
33ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthe“PotatoFamine”because
Atheyweresodependentonpotatoesthattheyrefusedtoeatanythingelse
BtheywereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica
CtheweatherconditionsinIrelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingpotatoes
Dthepotatoharvestwasbad
34Whichcountryisthelargestcoffeeproducer?
ABrazil
BColombia
CEthiopia
EEgypt
35WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?
A.Onethirdoftheworld’spopulationdrinkscoffee.
B.CoffeeisnativetoColombia
C.Coffeecankeeponeawake.
D.CoffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs.
第二篇Teachingpoetry
Nopoemshouldeverbediscussedor“analyzed”,untilithasbeenreadaloudbysomeone,teacherorstudent.Betterstill,perhaps,isthepracticeofreadingittwice,onceatthebeginningofthediscussionandonceattheend,sothesoundofthepoemisthelastthingonehearsofit.
Alldiscussionsofpoetryare,infact,preparationsforreadingitaloud,andthereadingofthepoemis,finally,themosttelling“interpretation”ofit,suggestingtone,rhythm,andmeaningallatonce.Hearingapoetreadtheworkinhisorherownvoice,onrecordsoronfilm,isobviouslyaspecialreward.Buteventhoseaidstoteachingcannotreplacethestudentandteacherreadingitor,bestofall,reciting(背诵)it.
Ihavecometothink,infact,thattimespentreadingapoemaloudismuchmoreimportantthan“analyzing”it,ifthereisn’ttimeforboth.IthinkoneofourgoalsasteachersofEnglishistohavestudentslovepoetry.Poetryis“acriticismoflife”,and“aheightening(提升)oflife”.Itis“anapproachtothetruthoffeeling”,andit“cansaveyourlife”.Italsodeservesaplaceintheteachingoflanguageandliteraturemorecentralthanitpresentlyoccupies.
IamnotsayingthateveryEnglishteachermustteachpoetry.Thosewhodon’tlikeitshouldnotbeforcedtoputthatdislikeonanyoneelse.Butthosewhodoteachpoetrymustkeepinmindafewthingsaboutitsessentialnature,aboutitssoundaswellasitssense,andtheymustmakeroomintheclassroomforhearingpoetryaswellasthinkingaboutit.
36Tohaveabetterunderstandingofapoem,oneshould
Adiscussitwithothers.
Banalyzeitbyoneself.
Ccopyitdowninanotebook
Dpractisereadingitaloud
37WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasafunctionofpoetry?
AExtendingyourlife.
BSavingyourlife.
CCriticizinglife.
DHeighteninglife.
38Accordingtothewriter,oneofthepurposesofteachingEnglishistogetstudents
Atounderstandlife.
Btoenjoypoetry.
Ctobecometeachers.
Dtobecomepoets
39Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthethirdparagraphimply?
AMorestressshouldbelaidontheteachingofpoetry.
BPoetryismoreimportantthananyothersubject.
COnecannotenjoylifefullywithoutanunderstandingofpoetry
DPoetryisthefoundationofalllanguageandliteraturecourses
40Thephrase“makeroom”inthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplacedby
A“buildabooth”
B“provideequipment”.
C“leaveacertainamountoftime”.
D“setasideenoughspace”.
第三篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvests
Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.
TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.
Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.
Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares(公顷)ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts(妨碍生长)plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics,mangroves(红树林)thatcreateswamps(沼泽)andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep(渗透)in.inLatinAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated(蒸发)bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.
Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.
Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittleslatandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.
Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown,FlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain,providingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.
41WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?
ATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.
BTheyarericebreeders.
CTheyarehusbandandwife.
DTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.
42FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme
Atofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.
Btoidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.
Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.
Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.
43WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage?
ANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.
Bthewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.
CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.
DEvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind
44Theword“affect”inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby
A“influence”
B“effect”
C“stop”
D“present”
45Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis
Apositive
Bnegative.
Csuspicious
Dindifferent.
5部分:补全短文(第46~50题,每题2分,共10分)
阅读下面的短文,文章中有5处空白,文章后面有6组文字,请根据文章的内容选择5组文字,将其分别放回文章原来位置,以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Likefinefood,goodwritingissomethingweapproachwithpleasureandenjoyfromthefirsttastetothelast._______(46)Quitethecontrary,justasthecookhastoundergoanintensivetraining,masteringtheskillsofhistrade,thewritermustsitathisdeskanddevotelonghourstoachievingastyleinhiswriting,whateveritspurpose-schoolwork,mattersofbusiness,orpurelysocialcommunication.___________(47)
Therearestillsomeremoteplacesintheworldwhereyoumightfindsomeonetodoyourbusinessorsocialwritingforyou,forafee.Thereareafewmangerswhoareluckyenoughtohavetheserviceofthatrarekindofsecretarywhocantakecareofallsortsofletterwritingwithnomorethanaquicknotetoworkfrom._____________(48)
Wehavetowriteschoolpapers,businesspapersorhomepapers.Weareconstantlycalledontoputwordstopaper.Itwouldbedifficulttocountthenumberofsuchwords,messages,letters,andreportsputtothemailsordeliveredbyhand,butthedailyfiguremustbeenormous.__________(49)Wewanttoarouseandholdtheinterestofreaders.Wewantwhateverwewritetoberead,fromfirstwordtolast,notthrownintosome“letters-to-be-read”fileorintoawastepaperbasket._____________(50)
AButformostofus,ifthereisanywritingtobedone,wehavetodoitourselves.
BHowever,themanagersmaysometimescausethewritersalotoftrouble.
CAnygoodwriters,likegoodcooks,donotsuddenlyappearfull-blown(成熟的)
DWhatismore,everyonewhowritesexpects,oratleasthopes,thathiswritingwillberead.
EThisisthereasonwebendoureffortstowardlearningandpracticingtheskillsofinteresting,effectivewriting.
FYoumaybesurethatthegreatertheeffort,themoreeffectivethewriting,andthemorerewarding.
第6部分:完形填空(第51~65题,每题1分,共15分)
阅读下面的短文,文中有15处空白,每处空白给出了4个选项同,请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案,涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
TheAmericanFamily
IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenare_________(51)enough,theytakepartaswell.Foreignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissiveness(宽容)ofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat“childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard”israrely_____________(52),andchildrenareoftenallowedtodo_________(53)theywishwithoutstrictcontroloftheirparents.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentolistentohim_________(54)question,andchildrenareencouragedtobe___________(55)atanearlyage.Somepeople
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