Unit 4NaturalDisasters ReadingandThinking(分层作业)高一英语

Unit4ReadingandThinking习题检测基础达标一、根据所给汉语提示填空1．Itisthe(智慧)oftheChinesepeoplethatmakesChinamoreandmorepowerful.【答案】wisdom2．Whilereading,you’dbetterguessthemeaningofanewwordfromthe(语境).【答案】context3．Theflowerswill(复活)inwater.【答案】revive4．Wemovedintoasmallroomwith(电)butnorunningwater.【答案】electricity5．Twopassengersarestill(困住)inthewreck.【答案】trapped6．Whenpassingbyanoldflat,hewashurtbyafalling(砖)．【答案】brick7．Afterthebigfire,thehouselayin(废墟)【答案】ruins8．Intimesofdisaster,peoplemust.(团结)【答案】unify9．Hehithisheadagainsta(金属)bar.【答案】metal10．Thepany’smarketshareis48(百分比)inthemarketplace.【答案】percent二、用单词的适当形式完成句子11．Thenoiseoutsideishardtoputup.【答案】with12．Shortlyaftersufferingamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.【答案】from13．Theliftbrokedownandwe(trap)inside.【答案】weretrapped14．Yesterdayaheavyrain(ruin)ourpicnic.【答案】ruined15．WhatIknowisthatalmost1,000peoplelosttheirlivesinthefloodslastyear.It’sreally(shock).【答案】shocking16．Wehadgreatdifficultyin(breathe),fortheairwasthinatthetopofthehill.【答案】breathing17．Itwastheoldman’s(wise)thathelpedsolvetheproblem.【答案】wisdom18．Thestreamhasfrozenup;youcanseethefish(trap)intheice.【答案】trapped19．(bury)hisfaceinhishands,hetriedtocontrolhisweeping.【答案】Burying20．Childhoodmemoriescamebacktomesoclearly,asiftheevents(happen)onlyyesterday.【答案】hadhappened【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：童年的记忆清晰地浮现在我的脑海中，就好像这些事情就发生在昨天。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查asif引导的方式状语从句的虚拟语气结构，这句话描述的是过去的事情，用对过去的虚拟，从句谓语用过去完成时haddone。故填hadhappened。21．Thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogressbutthatweneedtomakegreater(effort)．【答案】efforts22．(bury)undertheruins,theyoungmanwasrather(frighten).【答案】Buriedfrightened23．Beforediscovering(electric),peoplereliedonfireasasourceoflight.【答案】electricity24．Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredinthetsunami(reach)morethan4,000sofar.【答案】hasreached25．The(smell)waterisn’tusableuntilthechemicalsandwastesareremovedfromit.【答案】smelly三、完成句子26．Whatshedidopenedthedoorforthechildreninthesmallvillage.她的所作所为，为这个小乡村里的孩子们打开了智慧的大门。【答案】towisdom【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，表示“……的大门”应为thedoortosth.，表示“智慧”应为wisdom作介词to的宾语。故填towisdom。27．如果有机会的话，我会竭尽全力把它做好。Ifthereisachance,I’lldoitwell.【答案】sparenoeffortto【详解】考查动词短语。“竭尽全力做某事”用短语sparenoefforttodosth28．船员们安全获救了。Thecrewsafeandsound.【答案】was/wererescued【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。“救援”的英文为rescue，crew意为“船员，全体船员”，既可以指单数，也可以指复数，描述过去事件用一般过去时，主语与动词rescue之间存在被动关系，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was/wererescued。29．Thewar,soeveryonebecamemorepositiveaboutlife.这场战争快要结束了，所以每个人都变得对生活更乐观了。【答案】wasingtoanend【详解】考查时态。表示“结束”短语为etoanend，且e可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况，主语为单数名词，谓语用单数。故填wasingtoanend。30．玛丽埋头于她的毕业论文，没有时间做兼职工作。(一句多译)①inhergraduationpaper，Maryhasnotimetodoaparttimejob.②herselfinhergraduationpaper，Maryhasnotimetodoaparttimejob.③Becauseshehergraduationpaper，Maryhasnotimetodoaparttimejob.【答案】BuriedBuryingwasburiedin【详解】考查非谓语和时态。根据汉语意思可知设空处为埋头于，应用固定短语beburiedin或者buryoneselfin，空1应用短语beburiedin，本句已有谓语，因此应用过去分词作状语，应填Buried；空2应用短语buryoneselfin，和主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，应填Burying；空3应用短语beburiedin，作谓语，根据语境可知应用一般过去时，主语she，谓语用第三人称单数，应填wasburiedin，故填Buried；Burying；wasburiedin。31．数以千计的孩子失去了父母。(句型公式：leavesb＋宾语补足语)教材原句：Thousandsofchildrenwere.【答案】leftwithoutparents【详解】考查动词的固定结构和时态语态。根据提示可知本句应用固定结构leavesb＋宾语补足语，本句中的sb是Thousandsofchildren，在本句中作主语，所以谓语应用被动语态结构，所以用left和were构成一般过去时的被动语态，失去了父母，应用介词短语withoutparents在本句中作主语补足语，故填leftwithoutparents。32．鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食;狗拒绝进入屋内。(句型公式：too＋形容词＋to...太……而不能……)教材原句：Chickensandevenpigswere,anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.【答案】toonervoustoeat【详解】考查固定句型。“too＋形容词＋to...太……而不能……”为固定句型，“紧张的”的英文为nervous，“太焦躁不安而不吃”的英文表达为toonervoustoeat，故填toonervoustoeat。33．如果你把每一天都当作生命的最后一天来过，总有一天你会发现自己是对的。Ifyouliveeachdayitwereyourlastday,somedayyou’llfindyouareright.【答案】asif【详解】考查状语从句。根据句意可知，“把每一天都当作生命的最后一天来过”即“就像是最后一天一样度过每一天”，asif表示“似乎，好像”引导方式状语从句，符合句意。故填asif。34．假如能够知道我们会做什么，那么没有一只黑熊会愿意落入圈套。Nobear,ifitknewwhatwedo,would.【答案】fallintothattrap【详解】考查虚拟语气。本句为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，主句部分应用would+动词原形在主句中作谓语，表示“落入”应用动词短语fallinto；表示“圈套”应用名词thattrap，在主句中作宾语。故填fallintothattrap。35．男孩低着头站在那儿，好像被老师批评了。Theboystoodtherewithhisheadbent.【答案】asifcriticizedbytheteacher【详解】考查状语从句和时态语态。根据汉语可知，空处表示“好像被老师批评了”，可以用asif引导方式状语从句，从句中主语是theboy，“被老师批评了”是被动语态，且时态和主句一致，为一般过去时，可表达为wascriticizedbytheteacher。从句的主语和主句的主语一致，谓语含be动词，两者可省略。故填asifcriticizedbytheteacher。能力提升四、选用适当的单词或短语补全句子takechargeof，inruins，makeup，attendto，eout，belikelyto,makeanannouncement，becrowdedwith36．Theexpertswarnedthatthesesymptomscontinuewellintothefuture.37．Asweallknow,HongKong,MacaoandninecitiesofGuangdongtheGuangdong—HongKongMacaoGreaterBayArea.38．Therestaurantcustomersatmealtimes.39．IamafraidIcan'tjoinyouinthegame,forIhavesomethingimportantto.40．Tobehonest,myfirstnovelwhenIwasstillatcollege.41．OnJuly28,1976,anearthquakestruckTangshan.Withinminutes,thecitystood,withalotofbuildingsleftdamaged.42．Thepilotthattherewouldbeaslightdelaybeforelanding.43．Mr.Hallonceworkedasaneditorandthebusinesspartofthepaper.【答案】36．werelikelyto37．makeup38．iscrowdedwith39．attendto40．cameout41．inruins42．madeanannouncement43．tookchargeof【解析】36．考查动词短语。句意：专家警告说，这些症状可能会持续很长一段时间。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表示过去事实，故使用一般过去时。表示“有可能做某事”用belikelytodo。句子的主语为thesesymptoms是复数。故填werelikelyto。37．考查动词短语。句意：众所周知，粤港澳大湾区由香港、澳门和广东九市组成。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“组成”用makeup。故填makeup。38．考查动词短语。句意：吃饭时间餐厅里挤满了顾客。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“挤满”用becrowedwith。故填iscrowdedwith。39．考查动词短语。句意：恐怕我不能参加你们的游戏了，因为我有重要的事情要处理。分析句子，设空处使用动词短语与空前的to构成不定式结构，表示“处理”用attendto。故填attendto。40．考查动词短语。句意：老实说，我的第一部小说是在我还在上大学的时候出版的。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表示过去事实，故使用一般过去时。表示“出版”用eout。故填cameout。41．考查介词短语。句意：1976年7月28日，唐山发生了地震。几分钟之内，这座城市就成了一片废墟，许多建筑物遭到破坏。分析句子，设空处使用介词短语作表语，表示“成为废墟”用inruins。故填inruins。42．考查动词短语。句意：飞行员宣布在着陆前会有轻微的延误。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表示过去事实，故使用一般过去时。表示“宣布”用动词短语makeanannouncement。故填madeanannouncement。43．考查动词短语。句意：霍尔先生曾经做过编辑，负责报纸的商业部分。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表示过去事实，故使用一般过去时。表示“负责”用takechargeof。故填tookchargeof。拓展延伸五、阅读理解AEarthquakesareanaturaldisaster—exceptwhenthey’remanmade.Theoilandgasindustryhasforcefullyusedthetechniqueknownashydraulicfracturing(水力压裂)todestroysubsurfacerockandfreetheoilandgashidingthere.Buttheprocessresultsinlargeamountsofchemicalfilledwastewater.Horizontaldrilling(水平钻探)foroilcanalsoproducealargeamountofnatural,unwantedsaltwater.Theindustrydealswiththiswastewaterbypumpingitintodeepwells.Previously,theUSGeologicalSurveypublishedforthefirsttimeanearthquakedisastermapcoveringbothnaturaland“induced”quakes.ThemapandareportshowedthatpartsofthecentralUnitedStateswerefacingagroundshakingdisasterequaltothefamouslyunstableterrain(地形)ofCalifornia.Some7millionpeoplelivedinplaceseasilyattackedbythesemanmadequakes,andalmostalltheriskofincreasingmanmadequakeswastiedtopaniesthatwerepumpingwastewaterfromoilandgasproductiondeepintotheearth,theUSGSreported.ThelistofplacesathighestriskofmanmadeearthquakesincludedOklahoma,Kansas,Texas,Arkansas,Colorado,NewMexico,OhioandAlabama.Mostoftheseearthquakeswererelativelysmall,intherangeofmagnitude3,butsomeweremorepowerful,includingamagnitude5.6earthquakein2011inOklahomathatwasconnectedtowastewaterfilling.Scientistssaidtheydidnotknowiftherewasanupperlimitonthemagnitudeofmanmadeearthquakes;thiswasanareaofactiveresearch.Oklahomahadhadprehistoricearthquakesaspowerfulasmagnitude7.It’snotimmediatelyclearwhetherthisresearchwillchangeindustrypractices,orevenwhetheritwillsurpriseanyoneintheareasofnewlyestimateddanger.InOklahoma,forexample,therateofearthquakeswasonlyoneortwoayear,buttherehavebeenhundredssincehydraulicfracturingandhorizontaldrilling,withwastewaterfilling,becamemoninthelastyears.44．Whatcancausemanmadeearthquakes?A．Themanmadewastewaterinthefactories.B．Theprocessofdiggingdeepwellsinthosepoorareas.C．Theoilandgasindustry’sworktoharvesttheoilandgas.D．Thewayusedbytheoilandgasindustrytodealwithwastewater.45．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“induced”inparagraph2?A．Manmade. B．Reduced. C．Newlybuilt. D．Controlled.46．What’sthehighestmagnitudeofmanmadeearthquakesaccordingtothescientists?A．Magnitude3. B．Magnitude5.6. C．Magnitude7. D．Noconclusion.47．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NaturalEarthquakesinAmericaAreDisappearingNowB．About7MillionAmericansatRiskofManMadeEarthquakesC．TimefortheOilandGasIndustrytoChangeItsWorkingPracticesD．EarthquakesasPowerfulasMagnitude7HappenMoreOfteninAmerica【答案】44．D45．A46．D47．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍水力压裂和水平钻井以及废水填充导致了人为地震。44．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Buttheprocessresultsinlargeamountsofchemicalfilledwastewater.Horizontaldrilling(水平钻探)foroilcanalsoproducealargeamountofnatural,unwantedsaltwater.(但这一过程会产生大量充满化学物质的废水。水平开采石油也会产生大量天然的、不需要的盐水)”以及第三段中“Some7millionpeoplelivedinplaceseasilyattackedbythesemanmadequakes,andalmostalltheriskofincreasingmanmadequakeswastiedtopaniesthatwerepumpingwastewaterfromoilandgasproductiondeepintotheearth,theUSGSreported.(美国地质调查局报告称，约有700万人生活在容易受到这些人为地震袭击的地方，几乎所有人为地震增加的风险都与那些将石油和天然气生产废水泵入地下深处的公司有关)”可知，石油和天然气工业处理废水的方法会引起人为地震。故选D项。45．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“theUSGeologicalSurveypublishedforthefirsttimeanearthquakedisastermapcoveringbothnaturaland“induced”quakes”可知，美国地质调查局发布了一张地震灾害地图，其中，naturalquakes指的是自然发生的地震，由此可知inducedquakes指的是与naturalquakes对应的人为导致的地震。故A项“人为的”最接近“induced”的含义。故选A。46．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Scientistssaidtheydidnotknowiftherewasanupperlimitonthemagnitudeofmanmadeearthquakes;(科学家们表示，他们不知道人为地震的震级是否有上限)”可知，人工地震的震级上限还是未知的、有待研究的。故选D项。47．主旨大意题。文章首先抛出了认为地震的概念并解释了其由来，接下来介绍美国地震调查局的发现：约有七百万美国人会受到人工地震的威胁。B选项“约七百万美国人处于人工地震的风险中”最能涵盖文章的主要内容，最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。BIfthecrust（外壳）oftheearthwerenotprettysolid（坚固的）,itwouldbeshakingandmovingupanddownfrequently.However,thereareplacesintherocksoftheearth’scrustwhereitisn’tstronglyheldtogether—wherefaultsexist.Alongthefaults,onerockmightpushagainstanotherwithgreatforce.Theenergyischangedtovibrationintherocks,sotheybegintoshakeandwehaveanearthquake!ThemostfamousoneinNorthAmericawastheSinFranciscoearthquakeof1906.Sevenhundredpeoplediedandproperty（财产）damageamountedtoabout$425,000,000.Thegreatestdestructioncamefromthefiresthatfollowedthequake.OneofthemostfamousearthquakesinEuropetookplaceinLisbon,Portugal,in1755.Thecitywasdestroyedandatleastthirtythousandpeoplewerekilled.In1908,inCalabriaandSicily,aquakekilledaboutseventyfivethousandpeople.In1915,incentralItaly,hundredsoftownsandvillagesweredamagedandthirtythousandpeoplewerekilled.TwogreatearthquakesthatcausedgreatdamageinAsiatookplaceinTokyo,Japan,andinGansuProvinceinChina.TheTokyoquakeof1923killedmorethanonehundredthousandpeopleanddestroyedthecityandthecityofYokohama,too.TheChinesequakein1920coveredmorethanthreehundredsquaremilesandkilledabouttwohundredthousandpeople.48．Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus_____________.A．whereearthquakeshappen B．thedamagecausedbyearthquakesC．howearthquakeshappen D．famousearthquakesintheworld49．Theunderlinedword“vibration”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans“_________”.A．force B．shaking C．energy. D．losing50．Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderoftheyearswhentheearthquakeshappened?①theSanFranciscoearthquake②theearthquakeinLisbon,Portugal③theearthquakeinCalabriaandSicily④theearthquakeincentralItaly⑤theearthquakeinGansuProvince⑥theTokyoquakeA．③④⑤⑥②① B．⑤⑥②①③④ C．①③④②⑤⑥ D．②①③④⑤⑥51．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat___________.A．thefiresfollowingtheSanFranciscoearthquakecausedmoredamagethantheearthquakedidB．theearth’scrustinEuropeisweakerthanthatinotherplacesC．therewere75,000peoplekilledintheSanFranciscoearthquakeD．thecityofYokohama