拉丁美洲政府情况分析报告-外文版培训课件2024.7temu

POLITICS

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SOCIETYCorruptioninLatinAmericaCHAPTER

01RegionaloverviewCorruptionperceptionindexinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanin2023,bycountry(onascalefrom0to100)LatinAmerica&theCaribbean:corruptionperceptionindexin2023,bycountryCorruptionperceptionindexscore20

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4001050607080Uruguay73Barbados69ChileBahamas6664SaintVincent&theGrenadinesDominica60565555SaintLuciaCostaRicaGrenada53Jamaica44CubaTrinidad&TobagoGuyana4242404Description:AccordingtotheCorruptionPerceptionIndex,UruguaywasperceivedastheleastcorruptcountryinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanin2023,withascoreof73outof100.Venezuela,ontheotherhand,wasfoundtobetheLatinAmericannationwiththeworstperceivedlevelofcorruption,at13points.ReadmoreNote(s):2023;0showsthehighestpossiblecorruptionperceptionand100,thelowest;*ValuecalculatedbySource(s):TransparencyInternationalbasedonthesource'sdata.Tocompilethecorruptionperceptionindex,dataispooledfromvarioussurveysandstudies.The[...]

ReadmoreShareofrespondentswhothinkcorruptionisoneoftheircountry'smainproblemsinLatinAmericain2024,byselectedcountriesLATAM:populationworriedaboutfinancial/politicalcorruption2024,bycountryShareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%60%PeruColombiaBrazil52%31%27%Chile26%ArgentinaMexico22%17%5Description:Inasurveycarriedoutin2024,almostonethirdofrespondentsinColombiaandBrazilthoughtcorruptionwasoneofthecountry'smainissues.Peruregisteredthehighestlevelofconcern,with52percentofrespondentsclaimingtobeworriedaboutfinancialorpoliticalcorruption.Mexico,ontheotherhand,wasthecountrywiththelowestshareofrespondentswhowereworriedaboutcorruptionamongthosesurveyed,atonly17percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):May24thtoJune7th,2024;approximately1,000+individualsinBrazil,and500+ineachoftheothers;16-74yearsSource(s):IpsosMostimportantproblemsfacedbyLatinAmericaaccordingtoopinionleadersandjournalistsin2022LatinAmerica:mainchallengesaccordingtoexperts2022ShareofrespondentsJobcreationandeconomicgrowthInflationandeconomicstabilityFightagainstinsecurity/crime/drugtraffickingFightagainstcorruption64%56%49%41%Inequalityreduction25%Povertyreduction20%18%BetteraccesstoeducationBetteraccesstohealth12%Other4%6Description:Inasurveyconductedin2022,64percentoftheopinionleadersandprominentjournalistssurveyedinLatinAmericasaidthatjobcreationandeconomicgrowthwasthemostimportantproblemLatinAmericawouldfaceintheincoming18months.Thesecondmainissueaccordingtotheseexpertswasinflationandeconomicinstability.ReadmoreNote(s):July14toAugust8,2022;297opinionleadersandjournalists;12LatinAmericancountriessurveyedSource(s):IpsosShareofrespondentswhowereaskedorhadtopayabribeinthelast12monthsinLatinAmericabetween2004and2023LatinAmerica:briberyvictimizationrate2004-2023Byapoliceofficer11%Byapublicofficial11%0.14%0.12%0.1%12%12%11%10%10%10%10%10%9%0.08%0.06%0.04%0.02%0%7%7%7%6%6%6%6%6%6%2004200620082010201220142016/172018/1920212023*7Description:Inasurveycarriedoutin2021,respondentswereaskedwhethertheyhadtopayabribeincertaintypesofcontextsandinteractions,forexamplewithpublicand/orpoliceofficers.Theshareofrespondentswhoansweredaffirmativelytothesequestionswascombinedintoapercentagethatrepresentsthebriberyvictimizationrate.AmongtheLatinAmericancountriessurveyed,suchrateforpoliceofficershasremainedrelativelysteadyinthepastfewyears,between11and12percent.[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):LAC;2004to2023;Voting-ageadultsSource(s):VanderbiltUniversityToleranceofmilitarycoupsunderhighcorruptioninselectedcountriesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanasof2021LatinAmerica:militarycouptoleranceduetocorruption2021,bycountryShareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%60%PeruGuatemalaJamaicaBoliviaNicaraguaHaiti52%51%46%46%46%45%ParaguayHondurasEcuadorPanamaMexico45%45%44%42%39%BrazilColombia38%38%8Description:Inasurveyconductedin2021,morethanhalf-52percentofrespondents-inPerusaidamilitarycoupwouldbejustifiableincaseofhighcorruption.ThiswasthehighestleveloftoleranceofmilitarycoupsduetocorruptioninalltheLatinAmericanandCaribbeancountriessurveyed,althoughone-thirdormoreofcountriesagreedtothisstatement.Attheotherendofthespectrum,only20percentofthevoting-ageadultsinterviewedinUruguaywouldjustifyamilitarycoupincaseofhigh[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):JanuarytoAugust2021;Voting-ageadultsSource(s):USAgencyforInternationalDevelopment;VanderbiltUniversityMainsocialandpoliticalgroupsinvolvedincorruptionaccordingtopublicopinioninLatinAmericain2020,bytypeLatinAmerica:groupsinvolvedincorruptionaccordingtopublicopinion2020ShareofrespondentsThepresidentandher/hisstaffCongressmembersThepolice58%55%50%Judges47%LocalGovernmentPublicservants41%34%32%BusinesspeopleTaxationauthoritystaffReligiousleaders29%24%Certainfamilies16%9Description:Duringa2020survey,approximately55percentofrespondentsinLatinAmericathoughtthatalloralmostallmembersofCongressintheircountrywereinvolvedincorruption.Moreover,exactlyhalfoftheLatinAmericanpeopleinterviewedbelievedthatthepolicewasinvolvedinactsofcorruption.ReadmoreNote(s):October26andDecember15,2020*;Approx.1,000-1,200respondentspercountry;IncludingArgentina,Bolivia,Brazil,Chile,Colombia,CostaRica,DominicanRepublic,Ecuador,ElSalvador,Guatemala,Honduras,Mexico,Nicaragua,Panama,Paraguay,Peru,Uruguay,andVenezuelaSource(s):CorporaciónLatinobarómetroShareofrespondentsthatbelievethatmorethanhalforallpoliticiansintheircountryarecorruptinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanin2021,bycountryPerceptionsoncorruptionamongpoliticiansinLatinAmerica2021,bycountryShareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%PeruBrazilColombiaParaguayChile88%79%78%75%74%ArgentinaGuatemalaHondurasNicaraguaBolivia69%68%68%68%68%PanamaEcuadorMexico64%64%62%10Description:PeruwastheLatinAmericancountrywiththehighestperceptionofcorruptionamongpoliticians,as88percentofnationalrespondentsinasurveyconductedin2021agreedthatmorethanhalforallpoliticiansintheircountryarecorrupted.Brazilfollowedwith79percentofrespondentsbelievingmostpoliticiansintheircountrywereinvolvedincorruption.Overall,aboutoneinfourrespondentssaidthatallpoliticianswereinvolvedincorruptionintheircountry.ReadmoreNote(s):JanuarytoAugust2021;64,362interviews;Voting-ageadultsSource(s):USAgencyforInternationalDevelopment;VanderbiltUniversityCHAPTER

02MexicoCorruptionperceptionindexscoreofMexicofrom2012to2023Mexico:corruptionperceptionindex2012-202336.03535.0343434.033.032.031.030.029.028.027.031313131313029292820122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202312Description:InMexico,thecorruptionperceptionindexscoreremainedstableat31pointsfrom2020to2023.MexicorankedinthelowertableofLatinAmericancountriesontheirperceivedcorruptionindexscore.Theworstpossiblescoreinperceptionofcorruptionis0,whereasascoreof100indicatesthatnocorruptionisperceivedintherespectivecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):2012to2023;0showsthehighestpossiblecorruptionperceptionand100,thelowestSource(s):TransparencyInternationalEstimatedcorruptioncontrolscoreinMexicofrom1998to2022EstimatedcorruptioncontrolscoreinMexico1998-20220.0-0.07-0.2-0.24-0.25-0.31-0.33-0.34-0.34-0.4-0.6-0.8-1.0-1.2-0.37-0.39-0.39-0.44-0.47-0.48-0.59-0.84-0.85-0.89-0.92

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-0.95-1.01-1.021998

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202213Description:In2022,theestimatedcorruptioncontrolscoreinMexicoremainednearlyunchangedataround-1.01points.ReadmoreNote(s):Mexico;1998to2022Source(s):WorldBankShareofrespondentswhowereaskedorhadtopayabribeinthelast12monthsinMexicoin2021Mexico:briberyvictimizationrate202126%25%ByapoliceofficerByapublicofficial14Description:Inasurveycarriedoutin2021,between25to26percentofrespondentsinMexicosaidthattheyhadbeenaskedorhadtopayabribeindifferentinteractionswithpublicauthorities(policeofficersand/orgovernmentemployees).Thatyear,theshareofrespondentswhoclaimedtobevictimsofbriberybyapublicofficialinMexicowasonepercentagepointhigherthanthoseaskedbyapoliceofficer.ReadmoreNote(s):JanuarytoAugust2021;Voting-ageadultsSource(s):VanderbiltUniversityNumberofcorruptioncasesinMexicoin2023,bytypeofprocedureMexico:casesofcorruptionbytypeofprocedure2023Numberofcases*0500,0001,000,0001,500,0002,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,000ContactwithpublicsecurityofficersVehicle-relatedproceduresProceduresattheProsecutionMinistryVehicletax2,942,473914,116291,005215,831ProceduresattheCivilRegistryCourtprocedures171,403150,822130,021124,775118,52097,871PaymentofelectricityutilitiesTaxauthorityproceduresProperty-relatedpermitsElectricitysupplyproceduresMunicipalprocedures87,316Publicmedicalcare80,545Publiceducationprocedures78,70715Description:Accordingtoasurvey,around5.4millioncorruptioncaseswereregisteredinMexicoin2023,ofwhichapproximately2.9millioncasesoccurredwhencitizensinteractedwithpublicsecurityofficers.Inthesameyear,nearly150,800corruptioncaseswererelatedwithcourtprocedures.ReadmoreNote(s):Mexico;October30thtoDecember15th,2023;46,000households;18yearsorolder;Onlyprivatehouseholdsinurbanareasof100,000inhabitantsormore;*Thedataincludes:-Contactwithpublicsecurityauthorities:Contactwith[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):INEGICorruptionrateinprocedureswithpublicservantsinMexicoin2023,byfederalentity(per100,00inhabitants)CorruptionrateduringadministrativeprocessesinMexico2023,bystateIncidenceper100,000inhabitants10,00005,00015,00020,00025,000ChihuahuaGuerrero*Tabasco21,89118,27917,93817,72816,95416,71216,12415,73915,61715,32215,24214,64414,580SinaloaQuintanaRooOaxacaSonoraMexicoCitySanLuisPotosíDurangoTlaxcalaBajaCaliforniaJalisco16Description:Accordingtoasurvey,ChihuahuawastheMexicanentitywiththelargestcorruptionrateduringadministrativeprocesses.In2023,therateofusersthatexperiencedcorruptionwhendealingwithpublicservantswas21,891per100,000inhabitants.Thenationalaveragestoodat13,966per100,000inhabitants.Themostfrequentactofcorruptiontookplacewhencontactingpublicsecurityofficers.ReadmoreNote(s):Mexico;October30thtoDecember15th,2023;46,000households;18yearsorolder;Onlyprivatehouseholdsinurbanareasof100,000inhabitantsormoreSource(s):INEGIMainsocialandpoliticalgroupsinvolvedincorruptionaccordingtopublicopinioninMexicoin2020,bytypeMexico:publicopinionongroupsinvolvedincorruption2020ShareofrespondentsThepoliceThepresidentandher/hisstaffPublicservants54%51%42%CongressmembersLocalgovernmentJudges40%40%35%TaxationauthoritystaffBusinesspeople24%22%Religiousleaders20%Certainfamilies10%17Description:Over50percentofthepeopleinMexicowhoparticipatedina2020surveysaidthatthepoliceandalloralmostallmembersofthecountry'spresidentialstaffwereinvolvedincorruption.TheapprovalratesofthelatestMexicanpresidenthasbeenoverallsteadythroughoutrecentyears.ReadmoreNote(s):Mexico;October26andDecember15,2020;1,200respondents;18yearsandolder;MultipleanswerSource(s):CorporaciónLatinobarómetroShareofpeoplewhothinkthestatepoliceiscorruptinMexicofrom2012to2023ShareofpeoplewhothinkthestatepoliceiscorruptinMexico2012-202367.26%65.71%65.08%65.21%64.63%64.07%63.71%63.63%62.93%62.94%62.83%61.92%0.6%0.5%0.4%0.3%0.2%0.1%0%20122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202318Description:TheshareofpeoplewhothinkthestatepoliceiscorruptinMexicodeclinedto62.83percentin2023.Overtheobservedperiod,thesharehasbeensubjecttofluctuation.ReadmoreNote(s):Mexico;2012to2023Source(s):INEGIShareofpeoplewhothinkthefederalpoliceiscorruptinMexicofrom2011to2020ShareofpeoplewhothinkthefederalpoliceiscorruptinMexico2011-20207059.1858.21605040302010056.857.2557.3855.3355.1854.6854.5652.56201120122013201420152016201720182019202019Description:TheshareofpeoplewhothinkthefederalpoliceiscorruptinMexicoincreasedbythreepercentagepointssincethepreviousyear.Intotal,theshareamountedto58.21percentin2020.

ReadmoreNote(s):Mexico;2011to2020Source(s):INEGIShareofpeoplewhothinkthearmyiscorruptinMexicofrom2012to2023ShareofpeoplewhothinkthearmyiscorruptinMexico2012-20233027.6126.825.5225.125.1425.124.7724.3925201510523.5922.4322.1320.31020122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320Description:TheshareofpeoplewhothinkthearmyiscorruptinMexicodeclinedto25.1percentin2023.Nevertheless,thelasttwoyearsrecordedasignificanthighersharethantheprecedingyears.

ReadmoreNote(s):Mexico;2012to2023Source(s):INEGICHAPTER

03BrazilCorruptionperceptionindexscoreofBrazilfrom2012to2023Brazil:corruptionperceptionindex2012-202344.0434343.042.041.040.039.038.037.036.035.034.04240383838383736353520122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202322Description:Brazil'sCorruptionPerceptionsIndexscoreremainedstableat38pointsbetween2020and2022.In2023,thecountryscored36points.Brazil'sCorruptionPerceptionIndexisnearlyhalfofUruguay's,whichisconsideredtheLatinAmericancountrywiththebestcorruptionperception.ReadmoreNote(s):2012to2023;0showsthehighestpossiblecorruptionperceptionand100,thelowestSource(s):TransparencyInternationalEstimatedcorruptioncontrolscoreinBrazilfrom1998to2022EstimatedcorruptioncontrolscoreinBrazil1998-20220.30.170.20.10.090.080.040.040.0100.0-0.03-0.05-0.1-0.2-0.3-0.4-0.5-0.6-0.7-0.08-0.08-0.1-0.12-0.15-0.37-0.41-0.43-0.45-0.46-0.48-0.5-0.56-0.571998

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202223Description:In2022,theestimatedcorruptioncontrolscoreinBrazildecreasedby0.1pointssince2021.Therefore,2022marksthelowestestimatedscoreduringtheobservedperiod.

ReadmoreNote(s):Brazil;1998to2022Source(s):WorldBankPerceptionregardingthefightagainstcorruptioninBrazilin2023Brazil:publicopiniononthefightagainstcorruption20230.7%59%0.6%0.5%0.4%0.3%0.2%0.1%0%23%15%3%BadNormalGoodDonotknow24Description:In2023,afteralmostayearinoffice,only15percentoftheBrazilianpopulationsaidthatPresidentLuladaSilva'sgovernmentwasdoingagoodjobinfightingcorruptioninthecountry.Ontheotherhand,59percentofrespondentssaidthatthepresidentwasdoingapoorjobontheissue.ReadmoreNote(s):Brazil;December5,2023;2004respondents;16yearsandolderSource(s):DatafolhaShareofrespondentswhowereaskedorhadtopayabribeinthelast12monthsinBrazilin2021Brazil:briberyvictimizationrate20215%4%ByapoliceofficerByapublicofficial25Description:Brazilianpeoplewhoparticipatedinasurveyconductedin2021wereaskediftheyhadtopayabribeindifferentinteractionswithpublicauthorities(policeofficersand/orgovernmentemployees).Theshareofrespondents-fivepercent-whoclaimedtobevictimsofbriberyinBrazilbypublicofficialswasslightlyhigherthatyearthanbypoliceofficers.ReadmoreNote(s):JanuarytoAugust2021;Voting-ageadultsSource(s):VanderbiltUniversityShareofrespondentswhothinkcorruptionisthecountry'smainprobleminBrazilfrom2015to2023Brazil:opiniononseverityofcorruption2015-20230.35%0.3%31.2%0.25%22.5%19.7%0.2%0.15%0.1%0.05%0%15.8%6.1%20204.5%2023201520162017201826Description:Ina2023survey,4.5percentofrespondentsinBrazilthoughtthatcorruptionwastheircountry'smainproblem.TheshareofBrazilianrespondentswhoareworriedaboutcorruptionhasbeencontinuouslydecreasingsince2017,when31.2percentofthepeopleinterviewedsaidcorruptionwasthemostseriousissuethecountryfaced.ReadmoreNote(s):2015to2023*;1204respondentsSource(s):CorporaciónLatinobarómetroMainsocialandpoliticalgroupsinvolvedincorruptionaccordingtopublicopinioninBrazilin2020,bytypeBrazil:groupsinvolvedincorruptionaccordingtopublicopinionin2020,bytypeShareofrespondentsCongressmembersLocalgovernmentThepresidentandher/hisstaffThepolice71%56%51%43%Judges39%37%BusinesspeopleReligiousleadersPublicservants33%27%26%TaxationauthoritystaffCertainfamilies16%27Description:Duringasurveyconductedin2020,approximately51percentofrespondentsinBrazilstatedthatalloralmostallthoseinthepresidentialstaffwereinvolvedinactsofcorruption.Whereas71percentofBrazilianintervieweesmentionedCongressmembers,roughlyonethirdofthemsaidthatalloralmostallreligiousleadersinthecountrywereinvolvedincorruption.ReadmoreNote(s):Brazil;October26andDecember15,2020;1,200respondents;18yearsandolder;MultipleanswerSource(s):CorporaciónLatinobarómetroCHAPTER

04ColombiaCorruptionperceptionindexscoreofColombiafrom2012to2023Colombia:corruptionperceptionindex2012-202340.540.039.54039393939.038.538.037.537.036.536.035.5373737373736363620122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202329Description:Colombia'scorruptionperceptionindexremainedstableat39pointsfrom2020to2022.Overall,thescorehadremainedconstantfrom36to40pointssince2012.Theworstpossiblescoreinperceptionofcorruptionis0,whereasascoreof100indicatesthatnocorruptionisperceivedintherespectivecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):2012to2023;0showsthehighestpossiblecorruptionperceptionand100,thelowestSource(s):TransparencyInternationalNumberofcorruptionandeconomiccrimesrecordedinColombiain2022,bytypeoffelonyMostfrequentcorruptionandeconomiccrimesinColombia202270,00061,77460,00050,00040,00030,00020,0009,7539,27710,0000476281FraudCorruptionOtheractsofcorruptionBriberyMoneylaundering30Description:In2022,themostfrequentcorruptionandeconomiccrimeinColombiawasfraudwitharound61,774cases,followedbycorruptionwithapproximately9,753cases.ReadmoreNote(s):Colombia;2022Source(s):UnitedNations;UNODCShareofrespondentswhowereaskedorhadtopayabribeinthelast12monthsinColombiain2021Colombia:briberyvictimizationrate202111%8%ByapoliceofficerByapublicofficial31Description:Inasurveycarriedoutin2021,betweeneightand11percentofrespondentsinColombiasaidtheyhadbeenaskedorhadtopayabribeindifferentinteractionswithpublicauthorities(policeofficersand/orgovernmentemployees).Overall,LatinAmericahadsimilarbriberyvictimizationratesthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Colombia;JanuarytoAugust2021;Voting-ageadultsSource(s):VanderbiltUniversityShareofrespondentswhothinkcorruptionisthecountry'smainprobleminColombiafrom2021to2024Colombia:opiniononseverityofcorruption2021-2024Column138%Column20.5%0.45%0.4%0.35%0.3%0.25%0.2%0.15%0.1%0.05%0%43%31%31%202120222023202432Description:In2020,aboutoneoutoffoursurveyrespondentsinColombia(24.5percent)thoughtthatcorruptionwastheircountry'smainproblem.TheshareofColombianrespondentswhoareworriedaboutcorruptionhassignificantlyincreasedsince2015,whenonly6.7percentofthepeopleinterviewedsaidcorruptionwasthemostseriousissuethecountryfaced.ReadmoreNote(s):2020to2024*;500respondents;*In2024,thesurveywasconductedbetweenMay24thtoJune7th,2024.Theoriginalquestionposedwas:"Whichthreeofthefollowingtopicsdoyoufindthemostworryinginyourcountry".Thisstatistic[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):IpsosMainsocialandpoliticalgroupsinvolvedincorruptionaccordingtopublicopinioninColombiain2020,bytypeColombia:publicopinionongroupsinvolvedincorruption2020ShareofrespondentsThepoliceCongressmembersThepresidentandher/hisstaffJudges62%59%58%56%LocalgovernmentPublicservants50%43%TaxationauthoritystaffReligiousleaders38%32%Businesspeople27%Certainfamilies23%33Description:Around60percentofthepeopleinColombiawhoparticipatedina2020surveyclaimedthatalloralmostallmembersofthecountry'sCongresswereinvolvedincorruption.Furthermore,58percentoftheColombianssurveyedsaidthepresidentialstaffand/orcitycouncilmemberswereinvolvedinactsofcorruption.ReadmoreNote(s):Colombia;October26andDecember15,2020;1,200respondents;18yearsandolder;MultipleanswerSource(s):CorporaciónLatinobarómetroCHAPTER

05PeruCorruptionperceptionindexscoreofPerufrom2012to2023Peru:corruptionperceptionindex2012-202338.53838383837.536.535.534.533.532.5373636363635353320122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202335Description:InPeru,thecorruptionperceptionindexscoreworsenedfrom38to33pointsbetween2020and2023.TheSouthAmericancountryhasseenbettercorruptionperceptionlevelsfrom2012to2014and2020,whenthescorestoodat38.Theworstpossiblescoreinperceptionofcorruptionis0,whereasascoreof100indicatesthatnocorruptionisperceivedintherespectivecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):2012to2023;0showsthehighestpossiblecorruptionperceptionand100,thelowestSource(s):TransparencyInternationalEstimatedcorruptioncontrolscoreinPerufrom1998to2022EstimatedcorruptioncontrolscoreinPeru1998-20220.0-0.1-0.15-0.2-0.3-0.4-0.5-0.6-0.7-0.8-0.9-0.21-0.22-0.24-0.25-0.27-0.31-0.33-0.37-0.4-0.4-0.43-0.43-0.43-0.46-0.51-0.52-0.56-0.6

-0.6-0.6-0.65-0.811998

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202236Description:TheestimatedcorruptioncontrolscoreinPerudecreasedby0.2pointssincethepreviousyear.In2022,theestimatedscoretherebyreacheditslowestvalueintherecentyears.

ReadmoreNote(s):Peru;1998to2022Source(s):WorldBankNumberofcorruptionandeconomiccrimesrecordedinPeruin2021,bytypeoffelonyMostfrequentcorruptionandeconomiccrimesinPeru20211,8001,6311,6001,4901,4001,2001,0008006004002000313141595CorruptionOtheractsofcorruption

UnlawfulinterferencewithacomputersystemBriberyUnlawfulaccesstoacomputersystemUnlawfulinterceptionoraccessofcomputerdata37Description:Asof2021,thecrimewiththemostrepetitivecountsinPeruwascorruptionwitharound1,600casesfollowedbyotheractsofcorruption.Othercrimesrelatedtounlawfuluse,access,orinterferencewithcomputersystemswerealsorelevantintheSouthAmericancountry.ReadmoreNote(s):Peru;2021Source(s):UnitedNations;UNODCShareofrespondentswhowereaskedorhadtopayabribeinthelast12monthsinPeruin2021Peru:briberyvictimizationrate202117%14%ByapoliceofficerByapublicofficial38Description:Accordingtoasurveyconductedin2021,between14to17percentofrespondentsinPerusaidtheyhadbeenaskedorhadtopayabribeindifferentinteractionswithpublicauthorities(policeofficersand/orgovernmentemployees,schools).

ReadmoreNote(s):JanuarytoAugust2021;Voting-ageadultsSource(s):VanderbiltUniversityShareofrespondentswhothinkcorruptionisthecountry'smainprobleminPerufrom2021to2024Peru:opiniononseverityofcorruption2021-20240.6%57%52%50%0.5%40%0.4%0.3%0.2%0.1%0%202120222023202439Description:In2024,morethanhalfsurveyrespondentsinPeru(52percent)thoughtthatcorruptionwasamongthethreecountry'smainproblems.TheshareofPeruvianrespondentswhoareworriedaboutcorruptionhassignificantlyincreasedcomparedto2021,whenonly40percentofthepeopleinterviewedsaidcorruptionwasoneofthemostseriousissuesthecountryfaced.ReadmoreNote(s):2021to2024*;500respondents;18yearsandolder;*In2024,thesurveywasconductedbetweenMay24thtoJune7th,2024.Theoriginalquestionposedwas:"Whichthreeofthefollowingtopicsdoyoufindthemostworryinginyour[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):IpsosMainsocialandpoliticalgroupsinvolvedincorruptionaccordingtopublicopinioninPeruin2020,bytypePeru:publicopinionongroupsinvolvedincorruption2020ShareofrespondentsCongressmembersJudges65%63%Thepresidentandher/hisstaffThepolice60%49%LocalGovernmentPublicservants46%30%30%BusinesspeopleTaxationauthoritystaff29%ReligiousleadersCertainfamilies19%12%40Description:Nearlytwo-thirdsofthepeopleinPeruwhoparticipatedina2020surveystatedthatalloralmostallofthecountry'sCongressmemberswereinvolvedincorruption.Upto63percentofthePeruvianssurveyedclaimedthatmostjudgesinthecountrywereinvolvedinactsofcorruption.Peru'scorruptionperceptionindexhasbeenworseninglately.ReadmoreNote(s):Peru;October26andDecember15,2020;1,200respondents;18yearsandolder;