必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元培优综合测试卷（解析版）

必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters单元培优综合测试卷其次部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2024·重庆·三模）ONECEREMONY,SEVERALFIRSTSTheOpeningCeremonyofthe2024OlympicGameswillbebold,originalandunique.On26July2024,Paris2024willofferanOpeningCeremonythatiscertaintojointhemostmemorablemomentsinOlympichistory.AceremonyoutsideastadiumForthefirsttimeinthehistoryoftheOlympicSummerGames,theOpeningCeremonywillnottakeplaceinastadium.Paris2024isbreakingnewgroundbybringingsportsandtheOpeningCeremonyintothecity,settobeheldintheheartofthecityalongitsmainriver:theSeine(塞纳河).AceremonyontheriverTakingonanewlook,theparadeofathleteswillbeheldontheSeinewithboatsforeachnationaldelegation(代表团).Theseboatswillbeequippedwithcamerastoallowtelevisionandonlineviewerstoseetheathletesupclose.Windingtheirwayfromeasttowest,the10,500athleteswillcrossthroughthecentreofParis.AceremonywithfreeadmissionformanyspectatorsHoldingaceremonyopentoalargeaudience,withnoadmissionfeeformostofitsspectators,isamajorfirst.Fanswon’tneedticketstoaccesstheupperquays(码头),butthosewishingtoaccessthelowerquayswillneedtobuytickets.EightygiantscreensandstrategicallyplacedspeakerswillalloweveryonetoenjoythemagicalatmosphereofthisshowthroughoutParis.AceremonydesignedforandbyathletesByopeningwiththeparadeofathletes,Paris2024isbreakingwithtradition.AthleteswillbefeaturedonstageduringtheintroductiontoandthroughouttheceremonyaspartofParis2024’sconstantaimtoholdGamescreatedforandbyathletes.1．WherewilltheOpeningCeremonyofParis2024beheld?A．OnthequaysbesidetheSeine.B．InthecitycenteralongtheSeine.C．InastadiumneartheheartofParis.D．OntheeasternandwesternendsofParis.2．Whatdoweknowabouttheadmissionfee?A．Noadmissionfeeisrequired.B．Accesstothelowerquaysisfree.C．Ticketsshouldbeboughtfortheupperquays.D．Someviewerspayforwatchingtheceremony.3．Whatisthemainideaofthistext?A．ThehistoryoftheOlympics. B．TheprocedureofParis2024.C．Thenovelpointsofaceremony. D．Thechargingrulesofaceremony.【答案】1．B2．D3．C【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2024巴黎奥运会开幕式的创新点。1．细节理解题。依据Aceremonyoutsideastadium部分中“Paris2024isbreakingnewgroundbybringingsportsandtheOpeningCeremonyintothecity,settobeheldintheheartofthecityalongitsmainriver:theSeine(塞纳河).(2024年巴黎奥运会开创了新的局面，将体育和开幕式带入城市，将在城市中心的主要河流塞纳河沿岸进行。)”可知，2024巴黎奥运会在城市中心、塞纳河畔进行。故选B。2．细节理解题。依据第三个小标题“Aceremonywithfreeadmissionformanyspectators(很多观众可以免费入场的仪式)”以及Aceremonywithfreeadmissionformanyspectators部分中“Fanswon’tneedticketstoaccesstheupperquays(码头),butthosewishingtoaccessthelowerquayswillneedtobuytickets.(球迷不需要门票进入上层码头，但那些期望进入下层码头的人将需要购买门票。)”可知，部分观众需要支付费用观看开幕式。故选D。3．主旨大意题。依据文章标题“ONECEREMONY,SEVERALFIRSTS(一个仪式，几个第一)”及文章中各个小标题“Aceremonyoutsideastadium(体育场外的仪式)”、“Aceremonyontheriver(河上的仪式)”、“Aceremonywithfreeadmissionformanyspectators(很多观众可以免费入场的仪式)”、“Aceremonydesignedforandbyathletes(为运动员设计的仪式)”可知，本文介绍了2024巴黎奥运会开幕式的新颖点。故选C。B（23-24高三上·黑龙江·期中）LivingontheFloridaEmeraldCoast,peopleviewahurricane(飓风)‘asacommonthing.Soitisnotunusualforafamilytohaveseveralfullgascansandbottledwaterstoredintheirhousesallsummer.Thoughunwillingtoevacuate(撤离)fromahurricane,onSeptember15,myfamilywasforcedtoleaveourhomeformygrandfather’shouseseveralmilesaway.WespenttheearlypartofthateveningwatchingthehurricanedrawcloserontheWeatherChannel.Aroundnineo’clock,aloudsoundshookthehouse,turnedovertheroofandcarrieditoff.Sooncameanindoorrainstorm.Realizingthedamage,mygrandfatherbegantobeafraid.Thestormhadstarted,buthestillranoutintotheheavyrainandwindtoseehowmuchoftheroofwasleft.Wegothimbackinside.Ihadneverseenhimsoscared.Momfinallyaskedhimtoliedowninhisroom.Theleak(渗漏)hadprogressedrapidly.Itsoonbecamearaceagainsttimetoprotectwhattobesaved.Somepeoplemaythinkitnecessarytosavematerialthings,butIhopedtosavethoseitemswithemotionalvalue,suchasthephotos.Istillfearedthestorm,butImorefearedtheinfluenceitbrought.Thenextmorning,itstartedtoclearup.Thankfully,myfamilycamesafelythroughthestorm,thoughthesamecouldnotbesaidforthehouse.Onlythewoodenbeams(梁)remained,butinsidemanyofthethingsweresafe.MymomandIhadworkedtirelesslythroughthenight.Itwaslate,butwewerestillunwillingtogotobed.Wediscussedtherebuildingofthehouse.Underthebeautifulsky,wesuggestedlookingaftermygrandfathermoreofteninthefuture.Afterthisdisaster,Irealizedthetruththatthehurricaneitselfwasnotsoterribleifwelovedeachother.4．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A．Manyresidentslivingnearthecoasttendtoleavetheplace.B．Manyresidentsareunwillingtoprepareforhurricanes.C．HurricanesoftenstriketheFloridaEmeraldCoast.D．HurricanesseldomhittheFloridaEmeraldCoast.5．Whydidtheauthor’sgrandfathergooutintotherainandwind?A．Toprotectsomethingoutside. B．Toseetheconditionoftheroof.C．Toavoidthedangerinthehouse. D．Toknowhowserioustherainwas.6．Whatisthemainideaofthefourthparagraph?A．Whytheauthorfearedthestorm. B．Howthestorminfluencedthehouse.C．Howpeoplehelpedeachotherinthestorm. D．Whattheauthorwasreadytosavefromthestorm.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph5mean?A．Thehousecontainedmanyvaluablethings. B．Thehousewasdestroyedinthedisaster.C．Thehousecouldbeeasytorepair. D．Thehousesurvivedthehurricane.【答案】4．C5．B6．D7．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者一家度过飓风的经受，作者也在这次经受中意识到了亲情的贵重和强大。4．推理推断题。依据第一段“LivingontheFloridaEmeraldCoast,peopleviewahurricane(飓风)‘asacommonthing.Soitisnotunusualforafamilytohaveseveralfullgascansandbottledwaterstoredintheirhousesallsummer.(生活在佛罗里达翡翠海岸的人们认为飓风是一件很平常的事情。因此，一个家庭在整个夏天都有几个装满汽油的罐子和瓶装水，这并不罕见)”可知，人们要储存汽油罐和瓶装水是为了为飓风做好预备，可知飓风经常攻击佛罗里达翡翠海岸。故选C。5．细节理解题。依据第三段中“Thestormhadstarted,buthestillranoutintotheheavyrainandwindtoseehowmuchoftheroofwasleft(暴风雨已经开头了，但他还是冒着大雨和大风跑了出去，看看屋顶还剩下多少)”，可知作者的祖父冒着风雨出去是为了看看屋顶的状况。故选B。6．段落大意题。依据第四段中“Somepeoplemaythinkitnecessarytosavematerialthings,butIhopedtosavethoseitemswithemotionalvalue,suchasthephotos.Istillfearedthestorm,butImorefearedtheinfluenceitbrought.(有些人可能认为有必要保存物质上的东西，但我期望保存那些有情感价值的东西，比如照片。我仍旧可怕风暴，但我更可怕它带来的影响)”可知，第四段主要叙述作者预备从风暴中挽救什么。故选D。7．词句猜想题。依据前半句“Thankfully,myfamilycamesafelythroughthestorm(谢天谢地，我的家人平安度过了风暴)”，though表示前后的对比；以及后句“Onlythewoodenbeams(梁)remained(只剩下木梁了)”可知，第五段中带下划线的句子thoughthesamecouldnotbesaidforthehouse是指房子在灾难中被毁了。A.Thehousecontainedmanyvaluablethings房子里有很多贵重物品；B.Thehousewasdestroyedinthedisaster房子在灾难中被毁了；C.Thehousecouldbeeasytorepair这所房子可能很简洁修理；D.Thehousesurvivedthehurricane这所房子在飓风中幸存下来。故选B。C（2024·湖南长沙·三模）Rogues(疯狗浪),called“extremestormwaves”byscientists,arelarge,unexpected,anddangerouswavesthatareatleasttwiceashighastheotherwavesaroundthem,accordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA).Theseabnormalwaves,whichhappeneverydayandallovertheworld,arehighlyunpredictableandcandestroyshipsthatmeetwiththem.Roguewavesappeartoformwhenlargeroughwavespassthroughoneanother,combiningtoformhugewallsofwater,accordingtoNOAA．However,whyandwheretheyappearisunclear.Butusing700years’worthofoceandataincludinghistoricalrecordsanddatafrombuoys(浮标)in158locationsaroundtheworld,researchershavenowcreatedasystemforpredictingthese“hugebeasts”.“Theyarecausedbyacombinationofmanyfactorsthat,untilnow,havenotbeencombinedintoasingleriskassessment,”saidleadauthorDionHäfner.Häfnerandhisco-workersmappedthefactorsthatmayleadtoroguewavesandusedAItomakeasinglemodelthatcoulddeterminethelikelihoodthataroguewavewillform.Theteamtrainedaneuralnetworkusinghistoricalwavedata.Thisgeneratedasystemthatlearnedthecausesofroguewavesbyitselfandcouldworktopredictthem.ButtheAI’smethodswerehidinablackbox.Thismeansscientistscouldn’tknowhowtheAIdiditsworkings.SoHäfner’steamappliedanotherformofmachinelearning,whichproducedanequation(综合体)whenfeddata,ratherthanjustasingleprediction,helpingtheresearcherstounderstandhowtheAIreacheditspredictions.“Ouranalysisdemonstratesthatabnormalwavesoccurallthetime.Infact,weregistered100,000wavesinourdatasetthatcanbedefinedasroguewaves,”Häfnersaid.Thissystemeffectivelyshowsthesignofaroguewave,Häfneradded,andcanbetterprotectshipsfrombeingdestroyedasthesailaroundtheworld.Shipcompaniescanusethedevicewiththesystemtopredictwhenandwhereroguewavesmightarisetoseekanalternativecourse.8．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A．Byusinganexample. B．Bygivingadefinition.C．Bydrawingacomparison. D．Bymakinganassumption.9．Whatcanthesystemdoaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Monitorhugeseacreatures. B．Guideshipsaroundinthesea.C．Preventrougewavesfromoccurring. D．Forecastthehittingofroguewaves.10．WhatisthedisadvantageoftheAI’smethods?A．Theyaren’tvisuallyavailable. B．Theydependontoomanyfactors.C．Theymakeinaccuratepredictions. D．Theydon’tprocessdatasystematically.11．HowdoesHäfnerfindthesystem?A．Itrequiresmorefieldtests. B．Ithasbeenwidelyused.C．Itneedsfurtherimprovement. D．Ithasapromisingfuture.【答案】8．B9．D10．A11．D【导语】本文是说明文。“疯狗浪”被科学家称为“极端风暴波”，是一种巨大的、意想不到的、危急的海浪。争辩人员创造了一个系统，该系统可以有效显示“疯狗浪”的迹象，更好地爱护在世界各地航行的船只免受破坏。8．推理推断题。依据文章第一段“Rogues(疯狗浪),called“extremestormwaves”byscientists,arelarge,unexpected,anddangerouswavesthatareatleasttwiceashighastheotherwavesaroundthem,accordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA).Theseabnormalwaves,whichhappeneverydayandallovertheworld,arehighlyunpredictableandcandestroyshipsthatmeetwiththem.(据美国国家海洋和大气管理局称，“疯狗浪”被科学家称为“极端风暴波”，是一种巨大的、意想不到的、危急的海浪，其高度至少是四周其他海浪的两倍。这些特别的海浪在世界各地每天都有发生，格外难以猜测，可能会摧毁遇到它们的船只。)”再结合下文中关于“疯狗浪”的介绍可知，作者主要通过对“疯狗浪”下定义来引入话题。故选B。9．细节理解题。依据其次段中的“whyandwheretheyappearisunclear…researchershavenowcreatedasystemforpredictingthese‘hugebeasts’.(它们消灭的缘由和地点尚不清楚。但是，利用700年来的海洋数据，包括历史记录和来自世界各地158个地点的浮标数据，争辩人员现在创建了一个猜测这些“巨兽”的系统。)”可知，疯狗浪消灭的缘由和地点尚不清楚，因此，争辩人员创建了一个系统来猜测这些“巨兽”。故选D。10．细节理解题。依据文章第四段“ButtheAI’smethodswerehidinablackbox.Thismeansscientistscouldn’tknowhowtheAIdiditsworkings.(但人工智能的方法隐蔽在一个黑盒子里。这意味着科学家无法知道人工智能是如何工作的。)”可知，人工智能的方法被藏在一个黑箱里，这意味着科学家无法知道人工智能是如何工作的。故选A。11．推理推断题。依据文章最终一段“Thissystemeffectivelyshowsthesignofaroguewave,Häfneradded,andcanbetterprotectshipsfrombeingdestroyedasthesailaroundtheworld.Shipcompaniescanusethedevicewiththesystemtopredictwhenandwhereroguewavesmightarisetoseekanalternativecourse.(Häfner补充说：“该系统可以有效地显示特别浪的迹象，并且可以更好地爱护航行在世界各地的船只。船只公司可以使用该设备和该系统来猜测何时何地可能消灭特别海浪，以寻求替代航线。”)”可知，他认为这个系统有着很好的进展前景。故选D。D（2024·广西南宁·二模）InJapan,thenewyearbeganwithdisasterasa7.5magnitudeearthquakestrucktheNotoPeninsula(能登半岛)onthecountry’swesternedgeonMonday.Morethan2,000activefaultlines(断层线)liebeneathJapan,makingitoneofthemostearthquake-pronecountriesintheworld.Manyscientistshavelongconsideredearthquakeforecastingtobeimpossible.Butgivenrecentimprovementsinartificialintelligence,someresearchershavebeenstudyingwhetherthatcouldchange.Lastfall,researchersattheUniversityofTexasatAustinincreasedsuchhopesforearthquakepredictionwithaseven-monthtrialinChina.Inall,thealgorithm(演算法)successfullyforecast14earthquakes,eachwithinabout200milesofitsactualepicenter(震中).Meanwhile,itmissedonequakeandpredictedeightthatneverhappened.ThetrialwaspartofaninternationalA．I.-designcompetition,oneofafewsucheventsheldinrecentyearstoadvanceearthquakepredictiontechnologies.SergeyFomel,ageoscientistatUTAustinandamemberoftheresearchteam,saysinastatement.“We’renotyetclosetomakingpredictionsforanywhereintheworld,butwhatweachievedtellsusthatwhatwethoughtwasanimpossibleproblemissolvableinprinciple.”Additionally,machinelearningcouldhelpdetecthiddenpatternsindataorcollectmoredatatobetterinformearthquakeforecasting,HutchisonwritesforMITTechnologyReview.Forexample,someresearchersareshowinghowA．I.mightuserecordingsfromaspecificseismicsitetoanticipateanearthquake’smagnitude.Oneteamhasbuiltandtrainedneuralnetworkstopredictwhereaftershocksmayoccurafteraninitialstrike.Andothersareusingmachinelearningtoidentifyandextractseismicwaves—thevibrationsthatspreadthroughtheearthduringtectonicactivity(构造活动)—fromothernoisesintheground.12．What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplainaconcept. B．Tointroduceanewtopic.C．Tosupplyasummary. D．Toprovideanexample.13．Whatmadesomeresearchersoptimisticabouttheearthquakeforecasting?A．Therecentprogressintheories. B．Theuseoftraditionalmethods.C．Theincreasingnumberofearthquakes. D．Theadvancementsinartificialintelligence.14．Whatdoweknowfromthethirdparagraph?A．ThetrialwasconductedbyChinese. B．Thealgorithmwastotallysuccessful.C．A．I.showspromiseinearthquakeprediction. D．TheA．I.competitiononlyfocusedonearthquakes.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Japan’sVulnerabilitytoEarthquakes B．HelperinPredictingEarthquakes—A．I.C．TheImpossibilityofEarthquakePrediction D．InternationalEffortstoPredictEarthquakes【答案】12．B13．D14．C15．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白经过试验发觉，人工智能在地震猜测方面大有前途，并给出具体的例子。12．推理推断题。依据第一段“InJapan,thenewyearbeganwithdisasterasa7.5magnitudeearthquakestrucktheNotoPeninsula(能登半岛)onthecountry’swesternedgeonMonday.Morethan2,000activefaultlines(断层线)liebeneathJapan,makingitoneofthemostearthquake-pronecountriesintheworld.(在日本，新的一年从灾难中开头，周一，该国西部边缘的诺托半岛发生了7.5级地震。日本地下有2000多条活动断层带，使其成为世界上地震最频繁的国家之一)”可推知，第一段的作用是引入一个新话题。故选B。13．细节理解题。依据其次段“Butgivenrecentimprovementsinartificialintelligence,someresearchershavebeenstudyingwhetherthatcouldchange.(但鉴于最近人工智能的进步，一些争辩人员始终在争辩这种状况是否会转变)”可知，人工智能的进步让一些争辩人员对地震预报持乐观态度。故选D。14．细节理解题。依据第三段“Inall,thealgorithm(演算法)successfullyforecast14earthquakes,eachwithinabout200milesofitsactualepicenter(震中).Meanwhile,itmissedonequakeandpredictedeightthatneverhappened.(该算法总共成功猜测了14次地震，每次地震都在震中200英里以内。与此同时，它错过了一次地震，并猜测了8次从未发生的地震)”可知，人工智能在地震猜测方面大有前途。故选C。15．主旨大意题。依据其次段“Manyscientistshavelongconsideredearthquakeforecastingtobeimpossible.Butgivenrecentimprovementsinartificialintelligence,someresearchershavebeenstudyingwhetherthatcouldchange.(很多科学家始终认为地震预报是不行能的。但鉴于最近人工智能的进步，一些争辩人员始终在争辩这种状况是否会转变)”结合文章主要说明白经过试验发觉，人工智能在地震猜测方面大有前途，并给出具体的例子。可知，B选项“猜测地震的帮手——人工智能”最符合文章标题。故选B。其次节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2024·重庆·模拟猜测）Thissummer,climatechangecontinuestopushEarth’sweathertoextremes.16Weinvitesomeexpertstodiscussthesciencebehindexercisingintheheat,howtokeepyourbodysafe,andwhattodoifyoususpectyouorsomeoneyou’rewithhasheatexhaustion.17Ifyouhadaheavymeallikeacheeseburger,you’llwanttowaittwotothreehoursbeforeyourhotoutdoorexercise,sincethatfatandprotein-richmealwilltakeevenlongertomovethroughthedigestiveprocess.Shouldyoueatafterthathotrun?No.Youcanhydraterightaway,butwaituntilyou’vecooledofftoeat.That’sbecausedigestingfoodwilldelaygettingyourbodybacktoitsusualtemperature.Protectyourskin—it’sthebody’scoolingsystem.Yourskinandrelatedtissuesareincrediblydesignedtomovewarmbloodawayfromyourcoretokeepyourvitalorganscool.Anydamagetoyourskinortheunderlyingtissuepreventsyourbodyfrombeingabletoairconditionitself.Toprotectyourskin,startwithsunscreen.18.Wearmaterialsthatwillhelpyourbodybreathe.19Wearsweat-wickingathleticclothingthatallowsyourskintocool.Avoidmaterialslikecottonthatbasicallykeeptheheatclosetoyourbody.Hydratebefore,duringandafterexercise.Dehydrationcanreallyhappentoyou.20Besides,keepdrinkingwhileyou’reworkingout.A．Don’teatrightbeforeyouheadout.B．Trymoreheat-friendlyformsofexercise.C．Thetypeofsuitableclothingyouwearcanalsohelpyoustaycool.D．Buthighoutsidetemperaturesinadryclimatecanalsobedangerous.E．IsadaytimerunorbikerideinhotsummerweatherOKforourbodies?F．Andconsiderwearingsun-protectiveclothingthatblocksthesun,andincludeahat.G．Makesureyouaredrinkingwateratleastanhourbeforeyouheadouttoexercise.【答案】16．E17．A18．F19．C20．G【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些高温天气下在户外熬炼的建议。16．依据上文“Thissummer,climatechangecontinuestopushEarth’sweathertoextremes.(今年夏天，气候变化连续将地球的天气推向极端)”以及后文“Weinvitesomeexpertstodiscussthesciencebehindexercisingintheheat,howtokeepyourbodysafe,andwhattodoifyoususpectyouorsomeoneyou’rewithhasheatexhaustion.(我们邀请了一些专家来争辩在高温下运动背后的科学，如何保证你的身体平安，以及假如你怀疑你或你的伴侣患有中暑该怎么做)”可知，本句主要过渡句，引出酷热天气是否适合运动的疑问。故E选项“在酷热的夏天白天跑步或骑自行车对我们的身体好吗？”符合语境，故选E。17．依据后文“Ifyouhadaheavymeallikeacheeseburger,you’llwanttowaittwotothreehoursbeforeyourhotoutdoorexercise,sincethatfatandprotein-richmealwilltakeevenlongertomovethroughthedigestiveprocess.Shouldyoueatafterthathotrun?No.Youcanhydraterightaway,butwaituntilyou’vecooledofftoeat.That’sbecausedigestingfoodwilldelaygettingyourbodybacktoitsusualtemperature.(假如你吃了一顿像芝士汉堡这样的大餐，你会想等两到三个小时再进行户外运动，由于富含脂肪和蛋白质的大餐需要更长的时间才能通过消化过程。热跑之后你应当吃东西吗？不。你可以马上补充水分，但要等到身体冷却后再吃。这是由于消化食物会延迟你的身体恢复正常体温)”可知，本段的建议是出门前不要吃太多东西。故A选项“出门前不要吃东西”符合语境，故选A。18．依据本段主旨句“Protectyourskin—it’sthebody’scoolingsystem.(爱护你的皮肤——这是身体的冷却系统)”可知，本段主要建议爱护皮肤。前文“Toprotectyourskin,startwithsunscreen.(为了爱护你的皮肤，从防晒霜开头)”叙述了可以使用防晒霜来爱护皮肤，空处应是其他爱护皮肤的方式，F项“并考虑穿宽松、轻松、能遮挡阳光的衣服。”建议穿有防晒作用的衣服，符合题意。故选F。19．依据上文“Wearmaterialsthatwillhelpyourbodybreathe.(穿有助于身体呼吸的衣服)”以及后文“Wearsweat-wickingathleticclothingthatallowsyourskintocool.Avoidmaterialslikecottonthatbasicallykeeptheheatclosetoyourbody.(穿吸汗的运动服，让皮肤降温。不要穿棉质之类的衣服，由于它们能让热量接近你的身体)”可知，本段主要就穿的衣服提出了建议，C选项中clothing对应后文clothing。故C选项“选择合适的衣服也能让你保持凉快”符合语境，故选C。20．依据上文“Hydratebefore,duringandafterexercise.Dehydrationcanreallyhappentoyou.(在运动前、运动中和运动后补充水分。脱水真的会发生在你身上)”可知，本句主要是建议补充水分。故G选项“确保你在出门熬炼前至少一个小时喝水”符合语境，故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（2024·广东肇庆·二模）ElmerWhitakersighedashelookedoverhismuddycrops.Aterrible21hadsweptthroughhisfarmthenightbefore,andhiscropswerenowcoveredin22anddestroyed.Hisneighbor,akindyoungmannamedThomas,23toofferhishelp."Whatadisaster,“Whitakersaid.”Mywholefamilyhasalwayssurvivedontheharvestsofthisfield.Ifeel24anddon'tknowwhattodonow.Thomascalmedhimdownandthoughtforamoment.“Iseethisnotasadisasterbutasan25,”hesaid.Whitakerlookedathim26.“Howcanitbe?”heasked.Thomassmiled27,“Nowyouhaveachancetotrysomethingnew.You’vealwaysgrownbeansandcabbages.Whynottryplanting28cropsthatwillalsofitinthissoil?Youcandiversifyandtherefore29yourfarmonceagain.”ElmerWhitakerconsideredthis.Thomaswasright-hehadbecomesetinhisways.Thisdisastercouldpushhimtomakehisfarm30andsustainableinanewway.“Youhave31me,”Whitakersaid.HeclappedThomasontheback.“Thankyouforshowingmetheopportunityinthisdifficulty.”AndsoWhitaker32newcropsandsoon,thefarmwasfulloflifeagain.Farmersfromneighboringtownswere33withthewonderofWhitaker’sfields,andtheybeganto34theircropsaswell.ElmerWhitaker’sfarmhasbecomea35ofadaptabilityandhope,tellingeveryonethatineverystorm,thereisachancefornewgrowth.21．A．force B．smoke C．war D．storm22．A．mud B．grass C．mist D．dust23．A．wenton B．setoff C．cameby D．burstin24．A．special B．desperate C．sensitive D．tireless25．A．opportunity B．agreement C．intention D．element26．A．asusual B．indisbelief C．onpurpose D．withpride27．A．innocently B．gratefully C．politely D．cheerfully28．A．major B．traditional C．different D．natural29．A．restore B．exchange C．donate D．abandon30．A．formal B．diverse C．realistic D．obvious31．A．informed B．demanded C．enlightened D．promised32．A．tasted B．planted C．shared D．received33．A．careful B．troubled C．familiar D．impressed34．A．diversify B．remove C．deliver D．observe35．A．manner B．dream C．symbol D．cause【答案】21．D22．A23．C24．B25．A26．B27．D28．C29．A30．B31．C32．B33．D34．A35．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了ElmerWhitaker的农场受灾后，开头多样化种植作物，ElmerWhitaker的农场已经成为适应性和期望的象征，告知每个人，在每一次风暴中，都有新的成长机会。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：前一天晚上，一场可怕的风暴席卷了他的农场，他的庄稼现在被泥土掩盖，被摧毁了。A.force武力；B.smoke烟雾；C.war战斗；D.storm风暴，暴风雨。依据前文的“helookedoverhismuddycrops”和后文的“Whatadisaster”可知，这是一场灾难，而且灾难过后庄被泥土掩盖，所以结合选项可知，storm意思合适。故选D项。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：前一天晚上，一场可怕的风暴席卷了他的农场，他的庄稼现在被泥浆掩盖，被摧毁了。A.mud泥浆；B.grass草；C.mist雾；D.dust灰尘。依据前文的“helookedoverhismuddycrops”可知，Whitaker看着泥泞的庄稼，所以他的庄稼现在被泥浆掩盖。故选A项。23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的邻居，一个名叫Thomas的和善的年轻人，过来帮忙。A.wenton连续；B.setoff动身；C.cameby过来；D.burstin闯进。依据前文的“hiscropswerenowcoveredin2anddestroyed”和后文“toofferhishelp”可知，他的庄稼现在被泥浆掩盖，被摧毁了，所以一个名叫Thomas的和善的年轻人过来帮忙。故选C项。24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到无望，不知道现在该怎么办。A.special特殊的；B.desperate无望的；C.sensitive敏感的；D.tireless不知疲乏的。依据前文的“hiscropswerenowcoveredin2anddestroyed”和“Mywholefamilyhasalwayssurvivedontheharvestsofthisfield”可知，他的庄稼现在被泥土掩盖，被摧毁了，他的全家始终靠这片田地的收成生存，所以他感到无望。故选B项。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我认为这不是灾难，而是机会，”他说。A.opportunity机会；B.agreement协议；C.intention意图；D.element要素。依据后文的“Nowyouhaveachancetotrysomethingnew.”可知，现在有机会尝试新事物，所以Thomas认为这不是灾难，而是机会。故选A项。26．考查固定短语辨析。句意：Whitaker难以置信地看着他，问道:“这怎么可能？”A.asusual和平常一样；B.indisbelief难以置信；C.onpurpose有意地；D.withpride傲慢地。依据后文的“Howcanitbe?”可知，Whitaker认为这不行能，觉得难以置信。故选B项。27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Thomas兴奋地笑着说:“现在你有机会尝试新事物了。你总是种豆子和卷心菜。为什么不尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多样化，从而再次恢复你的农场。”A.innocently无辜地；B.gratefully感谢地；C.politely礼貌地；D.cheerfully兴奋地。依据前文的“smiled”和后文“Nowyouhaveachancetotrysomethingnew”可知，Thomas认为现在Whitaker有机会尝试新事物了，所以兴奋地笑着说。故选D项。28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Thomas兴奋地笑着说:“现在你有机会尝试新事物了。你总是种豆子和卷心菜。为什么不尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多样化，从而再次恢复你的农场。”A.major主要的；B.traditional传统的；C.different不同的；D.natural自然的。依据后文的“Youcandiversify”可知，Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植，即种植不同的作物。故选C项。29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Thomas兴奋地笑着说:“现在你有机会尝试新事物了。你总是种豆子和卷心菜。为什么不尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多样化，从而再次恢复你的农场。”A.restore恢复；B.exchange交换；C.donate捐赠；D.abandon放弃。依据前文的“andhiscropswerenowcoveredin2anddestroyed”和后文“yourfarmonceagain”可知，Whitaker的庄稼现在被泥浆掩盖，被摧毁了，所以此处指尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物，从而再次恢复农场。故选A项。30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这场灾难可能会促使他以一种新的方式使他的农场多样化和可持续进展。A.formal正式的；B.diverse多样的；C.realistic现实主义的；D.obvious明显的。依据前文的“Youcandiversify”和“Thomaswasright-hehadbecomesetinhisways.”可知，Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植，Whitaker认为Thomas是对的，应当使他的农场多样化。故选B项。31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你启发了我，”Whitaker说。A.informed通知；B.demanded需要；C.enlightened启发；D.promised许诺。依据前文的“Thisdisastercouldpushhimtomakehisfarm10andsustainableinanewway.”可知，Whitaker认为Thomas是对的，认为这场灾难可能会促使他以一种新的方式使他的农场多样化和可持续进展，所以Whitaker认为Thomas启发了自己。故选C项。32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是Whitaker种上了新作物，很快，农场又布满了生气。A.tasted品尝；B.planted种植；C.shared共享；D.received收到。依据后文的“newcropsandsoon,thefarmwasfulloflifeagain”可知，农场又布满了生气，所以可以看出Whitaker种上了新作物。故选B项。33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：邻近城镇的农夫对Whitaker的奇特田地印象深刻，他们也开头多样化种植作物。A.careful当心的；B.troubled陷入逆境的；C.familiar生疏的；D.impressed印象深刻的。依据后文的“withthewonderofWhitaker’sfields”可知，邻近城镇的农夫对Whitaker的奇特田地印象深刻。故选D项。34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻近城镇的农夫对Whitaker的奇特田地印象深刻，他们也开头多样化种植作物。A.diversify(使)多样化；B.remove去除；C.deliver交付；D.observe看到。依据前文的“Youcandiversify”、“Thomaswasright”和“theircropsaswell”可知，Whitaker种上了多种作物，邻近城镇的农夫也开头多样化种植作物。故选A项。35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：ElmerWhitaker的农场已经成为适应性和期望的象征，告知每个人，在每一次风暴中，都有新的成长机会。A.manner方式；B.dream幻想；C.symbol象征；D.cause缘由。依据后文的“ofadaptabilityandhope,tellingeveryonethatineverystorm,thereisachancefornewgrowth”可知，ElmerWhitaker的农场已经成为适应性和期望的象征。故选C项。其次节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)（2024·辽宁·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThemainstructureoftheDatengxiawaterresourcesmanagementfacilityinSouthwestChinahasbeencompletedfourmonthsahead36schedule,theMinistryofWaterResourcessaidonSaturday.Theproject,37islocatedintheXijiangRiver,haseightpowergeneration38(unit),eachwithaninstalledcapacityof200,000kilowatts(千瓦).Itcan39(annual)generatemorethan6billionkilowatthoursofelectricity.Incooperationwithotherreservoirs(水库),theprojectcanhelpWuzhou,acitywith40populationofover2.8millioninGuangxi,dealwithonce-in-a-hundred-yearfloods.Previously,thecitywasonlyabletoholdfloodsthatoccuronceevery50years.TheprojectalsoenablessomecitiesinthePearlRiverDelta41(resist)floodsthathappenonceeverytwocenturies.TheministrysaidtheDatengxiafacilitywillalsoprovidestrongsupportforruraldevelopment,offeringirrigation(浇灌)waterto80,000hectaresoffarmlandand42(address)drinkingwatershortageforalmost1.4millionpeopleinGuangxi.Theprojecthasalreadyplayed43(significance)rolesinthepastthreeyearswhenitwasputintotrialoperation.Forexample,inJunelastyear,ithelpedprevent44storeabout700millioncubicmetersoffloodwaterwhentheXijiangRiver45(hit)byaflood.Inthepeak,itreducedwaterflowby3,500cubicmeterspersecond.【答案】36．of37．which38．units39．annually40．a41．toresist42．addressing43．significant44．and45．washit【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道，报道了大藤峡水资源管理项目的竣工及它对广西水利枢纽的影响。36．考查介词。句意：水利部周六表示，中国西南部大藤峡水资源管理设施的主体结构已提前四个月完工。aheadofschedule意思为：提前，为固定短语。故填of。37．考查定语从句。句意：该项目位于西江流域，共有8台发电机组，每台装机容量为20万千瓦。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为project，作从句的主语，表示事物，用关系代词which引导。故填which。38．考查名词。句意同上。unit意思为：单元，此处为与eight搭配，用名词复数形式units。故填uni