2025高考英语步步高大一轮复习讲义人教版选择性必修第一册1　Unit 1　People of Achievement

2025高考英语步步高大一轮复习讲义人教版选择性必修第一册Unit1PeopleofAchievementⅠ.阅读理解A(★)Acrosstheworld，youngpeopleareshapingthefutureinmanyfields.Theirideasaretransformingcommunitiesandsociety.Here’salookattheachievementsoffourinspirationalyoungleaders.KwiriYangKwiriisthefounderandCEOofLifeGyde，anonlineplatformforyoungpeopletoseekadvice，guidanceandsupport.Shehasanimpressivetrackrecordofsupportingindividualsandsmallbusinesses.ShefirsthelpedimmigrantownersofsmallbusinessesinCalifornia.Whenshedevelopedanxietyanddepression，Kwirirealizedhowmanypeople，likeher，werestrugglingwiththeirmentalhealth—andLifeGydewasborn.AbiRamananAbiistheco-founderandCEOofImpactVision，asoftwareplatformthatusesmachinelearningtoreducefoodwaste.ImpactVision’stechnologyusesdigitalimagingtotakeapictureoffoodandanalyzeitsnutritionalvalueandfreshness.Thesystemaimstoreducewastewhilealsoimprovingfoodsafety.Astechnologyadvances，thesensorsitusesarereducinginsizeandprice，andcouldsoonbeintegratedintoeverydaydevices.OanaToiuOanaisthefounderandgeneralmanagerofSocialInnovationSolutions，whichofferstrainingandconsultancyinsocialinnovation.She’salsoontheBoardofDirectorsofTheEntrepreneurshipAcademy，wherestudentsworkinteams，learningaboutbusinessbyrunningrealbusinessesundertheguidanceofateamcoach.DoreenKessyDoreenisCEOofUbongo，amulti-mediaeducationalplatforminAfrica.Usingthepowerofentertainmentandmassmedia，thecompanyprovideseducationalmaterialatlowcostandhighvolume.Some6.4millionhouseholdsin31countriescurrentlywatch，listenandlearnfromUbongo’scartoonseachweek，withimprovedoutcomesinmathsandschoolreadiness.1．WhatisKwiriYang’sachievement?A．Shefoundacureformentaldiseases.B．Sheestablishedacompanyonimmigration.C．Shesupportedtheyoungintheirmentalhealth.D．Shesetupanonlinelearningplatformforkids.2．WhichfielddoesAbiRamanan’splatformmainlyfocuson?A．Healthcare.B．Education.C．Technology.D．Foodsafety.3．Whatdothesefourpeopleshareincommon?A．Theyareyoung，energeticandwealthy.B．Theycreatejobsformanyyoungpeople.C．Theymadecontributionstocommunities.D．Theyencouragedtheyoungtodobusiness.B(★)Well-knownauthorandHenricoresidentMegMedina，whowonthe2019NewberyMedal，todaywasnamedNationalAmbassadorforYoungPeople’sLiteraturefor2023－2024.Medina’smostrecentbook，MerciSuárezPlaysItCool，waspublishedinAugust2022，concludinghermiddle-schooltrilogy(三部曲)．Medina，whohasalsowrittenpicturebooksandfictionforolderteens，willtravelthroughouttheUSA，sharingherplatform“Cuéntame！：Let’sTalkBooks”．Medinawillmeetwithchildrenateverygradelevelforconversationsaboutthebookstheylovetoread，encouragingthemtomovebeyondtalkingaboutabook’stitleandbasicplotpointstohowitmadethemfeelorhowit’ssimilar—ordissimilar—totheirownlives.TheambassadorprogramismainlysponsoredbytheLibraryofCongress.ClaySmith，directoroflibraryinitiativesfortheLibraryofCongress，saysambassadorshavetobeabletospeaktoothersaboutreadingandwritingandtocommunicatewithchildreninparticular.That’swhereMedinashines，hesays.“Sheknowshowkidsthinkandhowtheytalk，”Smithsays.“She’sabletoaccesswhat’shappeningwithkidstoday.”Smithsaysthatsincetheturnofthecentury，there’sbeenasurgeinliteratureforchildren，firstatthehighschoollevelandthenduringthemiddleschoolreaders.Additionally，there’realsoalargerdiversityofauthorswritingforchildren，whichleadstoplotlinesandcharactersthatmoreaccuratelyreflectthecountryasawhole.“There’sbeenapushfordiversity，”Smithsays.“Theoptionsshouldbeoutthereforchildrentoreadstoriesaboutpeoplewholooklikethem.”Medinaagreeschildrenshouldbeempoweredtochoosethebookstheywanttoreadforpleasure.Shehopestheconversationsshehaswithchildrenaboutbookscreatethesamesatisfactionshefeltasachild，whileencouragingmorediscussion.4．Whatareteensmainlyexpectedtofocusonduringthetalksaboutbooks?A．Thebasicplotpointsofthebooks. B．Theiropinionsonthebooks’titles.C．Theirfeelingsaboutthebooks. D．Themaincontentsofthebooks.5．WhyisMedinafittobetheambassadoraccordingtoClaySmith?A．Sheisabletorelatetochildren. B．Sheisgiftedatwriting.C．Shetakesgoodcareofchildren. D．Sheknowsalotofauthors.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surge”inparagraph4mean?A．Demand.B．Discovery.C．Decrease.D．Growth.7．Whatmightmaketheambassadorprogrampossible?A．Kids’troubleinchoosingbooks.B．Morediversebooksforchildren.C．Children’sdemandforgoodbooks.D．Moreimpactsofreadingonchildren.CIntheendlesssky，theunaidedhumaneyeshouldbeabletoperceiveseveralthousandstarsonaclear，darknight.Unfortunately，growinglightpollutionhasdisabledpeoplefromthenightlyview.Newcitizen-science-basedresearchthrowsalarminglightontheproblemof“skyglow”—thediffuseillumination(漫射照明)ofthenightskythatisaformoflightpollution.Thedatacamefromcrowd-sourcedobservationscollectedfromaroundtheworldaspartofGlobeatNight，aprogramdevelopedbyastronomerConnieWalker.Lightpollutionhasharmfuleffectsonthepracticeofastronomybutalsoonhumanhealthandwildlife，sinceitdisturbsthecyclefromsunlighttostarlightthatbiologicalsystemshaveevolvedalongside.Furthermore，thelossofvisiblestarsisagreatlossofhumanculturalheritage.Untilrelativelyrecently，humansthroughouthistoryhadanimpressiveviewofthestarrynightsky，andtheeffectofthisnightlyspectacle(壮观景象)isevidentinancientcultures.GlobeatNighthasbeengatheringdataonstarvisibilitysince2006.AnyonecansubmitobservationsthroughtheGlobeatNightwebapplication.Participantsrecordwhichonebestmatcheswhattheycanseeintheskywithoutanytelescopesorotherinstruments.Researchersfindthatthelossofvisiblestarsindicatesanincreaseinskybrightnessof9.6%peryearwhileroughly2%ismeasuredbysatellites.Existingsatellitesarenotwellsuitedtomeasuringskyglowasitappearstohumans，becausetheycannotdetectwavelengthsshorterthan500nanometers(纳米)．WhiteLEDs，withshorterwavelengthsunder500nanometers，nowareincreasinglycommonlyusedinoutdoorlighting.Buthumaneyesaremoresensitivetotheseshorterwavelengthsatnighttime.Space-basedinstrumentsdonotmeasurelightfromwindows，either.Butthesesourcesaresignificantcontributorstoskyglowasseenfromtheground.“Theincreaseinskyglowoverthepastdecadeunderlinestheimportanceofredoublingoureffortsanddevelopingnewstrategiestoprotectdarkskies，”saidWalker.“TheGlobeatNightdatasetisnecessaryinourongoingevaluationofchangesinskyglow，andweencouragewhoevercantogetinvolvedtohelpprotectthestarrynightsky.”8．WhatisapurposeofGlobeatNight?A．Todevelopnewlightsources. B．Tocollectdataonstarvisibility.C．Tohelpastronomersexplorespace.D．Topopularizescienceamongcitizens.9．Whatdoesthelossofvisiblestarsleadto?A．Poorerhumanhealth. B．Fewerwildlifespecies.C．Moredelicatebiologicalsystems. D．Lessnightlycultureelementsofthesky.10．Whatdoestheauthorstressinparagraph5?A．Satellitesplayavitalrole. B．WhiteLEDsarewidelyused.C．Crowd-sourceddataareinvaluable.D．Shorterwavelengthsarehardtodetect.11．WhatcanbeinferredfromWalker’swords?A．Theirconsistenteffortspayoff.B．Thedatasetneedstobeupdated.C．Moreparticipantsareexpectedtojoinin.D．Theskyglowhasbeenover-emphasized.Ⅱ.七选五TheImportanceofInventionsTheysaynecessityisthemotherofinvention，butinventiondrivestheeconomy.Thegreatimportanceofinventionisthatitsolvesproblemsandchangestheworld.1Anditgoesbeyondculture.Themoderneraisarguablythegreatesttimeinthehistoryoftheworldforinnovation，butnoneofitwouldhavehappenedwithouttheinventionofelectricitysuppliedondemand.Withthatoneadvancement，incamethefastest-changingperiodinhumanhistoryandthegreatestpopulationgrowth，too.2Eventhingslikethetoiletandmodernplumbingmadeitpossibletoimprovehygieneandreduceexposuretohumanwaste，whichinturnmadecitiescleanerandmoredesirabletolivein.Themodernbathroomalsohelpedreducethespreadofdisease，whichinturnhelpedextendtheaveragelifeexpectancy.3Peopleeatbetter，andmoresafely，becauseofinnovationswenowtakeforgrantedliketherefrigerator，theovenandrunningtapwater.Dailylifeatworkhastransformedbecauseheavy-liftingjobscanbedonebyforklifts.Infact，technologyisreachinganewheight.4Morepeoplethaneverbeforeneedtositforwork，withofficejobsandthelikechangingourfitnesslevelandloweringtheriskofinjuryduringaworkday.Evenentertainmenthaschangedbecausenolongerdopeoplehavetomaketheirownfunbyplayinggames.5Howpeoplecommunicate，work，eat，travel，shopisallsubjecttoinnovationandinvention.Advancesdon’talwaysimprovelife，though，asmanypeoplearelearningthroughtheconstant-accessstrugglesofsmartphonesandever-presentnoisepollutionincities.A．Innovationshapesthewaylifeislived.B．Theycanturntotheirphone，TVorradio.C．Factoriesareusingrobotsformanytasksnow.D．Theyhaveaffectedthewayweconsumemedia.E．Inventionsinfluenceallaspectsofmodernexistence.F．Newtechnologiesoftensimplifytheaverageperson’slife.G．AndthathasledtotheEarth’spopulationrisingsharplyinthelast150years选择性必修第一册Unit2LookingintotheFutureⅠ.阅读理解A(★)(2024·湖南岳阳联考)Jobsthatusebothtechnicalandcreativethinkingareamongthefastest-growingandhighest-payingones，accordingtoanewreportfromBurningGlassTechnologies，ajobmarketanalyticcompanyinBoston.Itstudiedmillionsofjobpostingstobetterunderstandtheskillscompaniesrequire.Whattheydiscoveredwasthatmanywantworkerswithexperienceinsuchnewabilitiesasbig-datagatheringandanalytic，ordesignusingdigitaltechnology.BurningGlasscameupwiththeterm“hybridjobs”todescribethesekindsofpositions，whichrequireskillsnotnormallyfoundtogether.Forexample，thesehybridjobsmightrequirepeoplewithskillsindatascienceandadvertising，orengineeringandsales.“Thejobsofthefuturedon’tinvolvejustoneskill，”saysMattSigelman，chiefmanagerofBurningGlass.Thecompanyexpectsgeneraljobgrowthofabout10%between2018and2028，butthehybridjobsby21%.What’smore，hybridjobspaymorethanpositionsthatcallforatraditionalsetofskills.Forexample，amarketingmanagermasteringadatabaseprogramgetspaid41%morethanatraditionalone，withanaverageyearlysalaryof$100,000.Moreover，anengineerwhoimproveshersalesskillsandbecomesaconsultingengineerforasoftwarecompanycanmorethandoubleherpayfrom$180,000to$400,000.Whiledatashowsthatworkerswhofailtoupdatetheirskillswillbeabletofindfewerjobs，peopleinhybridjobsarelesslikelytobecomeoutofdate，withonly12%possibilityofbeingreplacedbymachine，comparedwith42%forgeneraljobs，saysBurningGlass.Hybridjobsaremostlynotbeginnerroles，sotheymainlygotoworkerswithyearsofexperienceand，mostimportantly，moretrainingafterleavingcollege.Thatmeansworkers，bossesandeducatorswillhavetothinkabouthowtobetterpreparepeoplefortheseroles.1．WhydidBurningGlassresearchintojobadvertisements?A．Tounderstandthegrowthofbest-paidworkers.B．Tocompareworkers’experiencewithnewabilities.C．Tofindoutcompanies’requirementsaboutskills.D．Totellthepossiblechangesinfuturejobmarket.2．Whichofthefollowingjobscanbehybrid?A．Dataengineer. B．Machineoperator.C．Marketingmanager. D．Medicalconsultant.3．Howmuchisatraditionalmarketingmanagerpossiblypaideveryyear?A．$180,000.B．$71,000.C．$41,000.D．$10,000.4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．FutureJobsRequiring“Hybrid”SkillsB．HowtoGetTrainedforJobsC．TipsonFindingFastest-growingJobsD．TheJobswithHighestPayB(★)Carspoweredbybatteriesmadefromseawaterandplanesfueledbyammonia(氨)willbecomecommonoverthenext10years，BillDavid，aprofessorofmaterialschemistryhaspredicted.Mostbatteriesforelectriccarsandsmartphonesarepoweredbylithium(锂)，whichhastobemined，butDavidthinksthattheywillbeovertakenbybatteriesmadefromsodium(钠)，whichcanbeobtainedfromseawaterandsalt.Thefutureofairtravelcouldalsobegreenerthankstobiofuels.Davidsaid，“Wearedevelopinganammonia-basedplane.Inprinciple，wecanimproveonanAirbusA320oraBoeing787andessentiallyreplacejetfuelwithammonia.”Davidsaidthatbatteriescould，atfirst，combinesodiumandlithium，assodiumwasnotquiteaspowerfulaslithiumbutismuchmoresufficient.“It’snotquiteperfectintermsofperformance，soweneedboth，”Davidsaid.“Sodiumisonthewayupandmostelectriccarshavehadacombinationoflithiumandsodiumbatteriesinthem.Myestimateisthatby2040Iwouldnotbesurprisedifthereweretentimesmoresodiumbatteriesthanlithiumones，maybeeven100times.”Thefirstgenerationofmass-producedsodiumbatterieshasbeenusedforanelectriccarforthefirsttime.Sodiumwillnotbethefinalanswertoeco-friendlyairtravel，however，whichiswhyDavid’steamislookingintotheuseofammonia.Somecompaniesarelookingintowhetherjetfuelcanbereplacedwithhydrogen，butDavidseesammoniaasmoresustainable.Hesaid，“Ifyoudothesums，thenat500mphyougetthesameamountofpowerasjetfuel，butjust40percentoftherange.However，evenwiththerangehit，a787couldstillgofromLondontoNewYork.”However，areportfromtheRoyalSocietyonnet-zeroaviation，whichDavidco-wrote，saysthatreplacingjetfuelwithbiofuelwouldrequirehalfoftheagriculturallandintheUK.5．Whatisanadvantageofsodiumbatteries?A．Theirperformanceiseasytoimprove.B．Theirrawmaterialiseasilyaccessible.C．Theyarewidelyappliedtovariousvehicles.D．Theyaremorepowerfulthanotherbatteries.6．AccordingtoDavid，whichisidealforfutureelectriccars?A．Lithiumbattery.B．Sodiumbattery.C．Hydrogenfuel.D．Ammoniafuel.7．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Hydrogencastsalightonjetfuelmarket.B．Electriccarmakersfavorsodiumbatteries.C．Ammoniafeaturessustainabilityandpracticability.D．Companieshavemass-producedrecycledbatteries.8．What’sDavid’sattitudetoreplacingjetfuelwithbiofuel?A．Tolerant.B．Unclear.C．Careful.D．Doubtful.Ⅱ.完形填空Ifinallyretired.After30years’1asdirectorofaradiostation，Iwouldhavemoretimeforhousework，butIworriedI’dlosethesenseof2Ihadfeltinmyprofession.Ipushedatthegarage’swoodendoors，buttheywere3.Ifinallygotthedoorsopenandstartedtoemptytheshelves.Thenmyhandhitsomething4.Itwasacommonoldmetalcan.I5thecoverandfounda6envelopewithapostmarkofMay13,1940inside.7，Iopeneditandfoundsomeflowerseedsinit，“Eightyyearsold！Iwonderifthey’llstillgrow.”I8theseedsinaplasticpot.Icheckediteveryday，butnothinghappened.“Iguessthey’rejusttoo9tobeanygood，”ItoldmywifePegin10.Ipickedupthepottogetridofit，butsomethingmademe11.Ichangedmymindandsetitaside.Meanwhile，Iwaskeeping12，improvingmyphotographyskillsandteachingmygranddaughtersgardening.Sixweekslater，IwasoutintheyardwhenI13tonoticethepot.Anewbitofgreen—aleafhad14.Iproudlyshoweditofftomygranddaughters.“Look，girls，evensomethingthisoldcanstill15foritspurposeandbeprettycool.Justlikeyourgrand-papa！”1．A.dream B．belief C．study D．service2．A.freedom B．purpose C．trust D．security3．A.worn B．stuck C．broken D．lost4．A.delicate B．special C．hard D．sharp5．A.removed B．washed C．cleaned D．fastened6．A.labeled B．selected C．yellowed D．ruined7．A.Curiously B．Sincerely C．Skillfully D．Bravely8．A.collected B．planted C．abandoned D．stored9．A.old B．wet C．weak D．small10．A.anger B．surprise C．regret D．relief11．A.delay B．reflect C．hesitate D．disappoint12．A.upset B．awake C．social D．busy13．A.expected B．attempted C．failed D．happened14．A.showedup B．fallenoff C．takenoff D．driedup15．A.compete B．grow C．survive D．relaxⅢ.语法填空AiKanxiangisabouttofinishhisfirstsemesteratcollege,1.heisworkinghardtomakehisdreamcometrue.Asaphysicaleducationmajor，hehopes2.(become)aPEteacherandtrainChina’sfuturesoccer3.(play)．4.(nation)soccerteam，butthe20-year-oldhasexperiencedtwistsandturnsonthesoccerfield.5．(raise)inasmallvillageinYunnan，Aigotpublicattentionlastyearaftervideosofhimplayingsoccerinariverbecamepopular.Demonstratingcreativity，suchasthewaytodoaprecisebicyclekickinthewater，hebecame6.onlinecelebrity，withsomefanseven7.(say)thathewas“betterthanprofessionalplayers”．ButwhenAi8.(final)playedwiththeteam，hewasbeaten.Hewasbarelyabletokeepup.Hisskillswerenotasstrongashe9.(imagine)，andhehadlittleawarenessofteamwork.Airealizedheneededmoreexperience.Sohesetanewandmorepracticalgoal—toapplytouniversity10.becomeaPEteacher.选择性必修第一册Unit3FascinatingParksⅠ.阅读理解A(★)FourFascinatingNationalParksintheWorldFiordlandNationalParkFiordlandNationalParkonNewZealand’sSouthernIslandwasestablishedin1952andispartofthelargerTeWahipounamuwilderness，aUNESCOWorldHeritageArea.Covering1.2millionhectares，FiordlandNationalParkishometogreenrainforests，crystalclearlakesandsnow-cappedmountains.Evenonthefrequentrainydays，thesceneryisspectacular，withentirevalleywallsturningintothunderingwaterfalls.HighlightistheamazingMilfordSoundwithMitrePeak，rising1,692metresabovesealevelandoneofthemostphotographedpeaksinthecountry.YosemiteNationalParkFirstprotectedin1864andoneofthefirstparksintheNationalParkService，California’sYosemiteisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Thepark’scentralfeatureisYosemiteValley，whichissurroundedbyhills，treesandspectacularwaterfalls.ButtheParkissomuchmorethanjustagreatvalleywithwaterfalls：withinYosemite’svastwildernessarea，youfinddeepvalleys，grandgrasslandandmorethan800milesofspectacularhikes.SerengetiNationalParkTanzania’soldestandmostpopularNationalParkisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteandwasrecentlyproclaimeda7thworldwidewonder.TheSerengetiisfamousforitsannualGreatMigration，a1,200-mileodysseyof1.5millionwildebeestand200,000zebras，allofthemchasingtherainsinaraceforlife.Yourchancesofwatchingakillareprettyhighwhenyouvisittheareaintherightseason.Namib-NaukluftNationalParkOneofthemostthinlypopulatedcountriesintheworld，Namibiaisnottherightplacetogetlost.Butitisatopdestinationforthosewhoenjoyunmatchednaturalsceneryandwildlifeviewing.NowhereisthismoreevidentthanintheNamib-NaukluftNationalPark，thelargestgameparkinAfrica，includingpartoftheNamibDesertandtheNaukluftmountainrange.1．WhatisFiordlandNationalParkwell-knownfor?A．MilfordSoundwithMitrePeak. B．Spectacularhikes.C．GreatMigration. D．Thelongesthistory.2．WhereisthelargestgameparkinAfricalocated?A．NewZealand.B．USA.C．Tanzania.D．Namibia.3．Whatdothefirstthreeparkshaveincommon?A．Theywereestablishedinthe1950s.B．Theyarefamousforwaterfalls.C．Theybelongtothesamecountry.D．TheyareUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.BInhisnewbookTheJourneysofTrees，sciencewriterZachSt.Georgeexploresanextremelyslowmigration(迁徙)，asforestsmoveinchbyinchtomorehospitableplaces.Asoldtreesdieandnewonesgrowup，theforestis—eversoslightly—moving，hewrites.“Throughthefossils(化石)thatancientforestsleftbehind，scientistscantracktheirmovement.Theymovebackandforthacrosscontinents，likemigratingbirdsorwhales.”Thishashappenedoverthousandsofyears，andclimatechangetendstobethedrivingforce—pushingandpullingforestsaroundtheglobe.Ofcourse，today，climatechangeisspeedingup，andtreescan’tkeeppace.TakeCalifornia：It’sgettinghotteranddrierandscientistsestimatethatbeforetoolong，JoshuaTreeNationalParkmaynotbeabletosustainJoshuatrees.ZachSt.GeorgedescribesasimilarthreattoSequoiaNationalPark，duringCalifornia’slongandseveredroughtafewyearsback.ScientistsworriedthatmaybeSequoiaNationalParkwouldnolongerbetheplaceforgiantsequoias.St.Georgethinksatsomepointwewilllosetheseancienttreesandwewillhavetothinkaboutwhatwedowiththeplaces，anddoweplantnewonessomewhereelse?Thisisknownas“assistedmigration”—humansplantingtreesinotherplaceswherethey’remorelikelytogrowwell.Butthisprocesscarriesrisks—peoplecanaccidentallyintroduceinsectsanddiseasestonewplaces，wheretheymaywipeoutentirenativepopulations.So，St.Georgewrites，there’sadebateamongconservationistsandforesterstoday：Shouldhumanshelpthetreesescape?“Ithinktherearegoingtobeinstanceswherepeopleareprobablygoingtostepinandhelpspeciesmovetoplaceswherethey’llbemoresuitableinthefuture，”St.Georgesays.“AndImetalotofpeopleintheprocesswhohavefeltsorryaboutwhathasbeenlostandwhatwillbelost—andarestillcontinuingtotryanddogoodandworkinthemomentforsmallthings.”4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inparagraph1referto?A．Animals.B．Fossils.C．Scientists.D．Forests.5．WhyisSequoiaNationalParkmentioned?A．Toconfirmtheproblemofthelossoftreespeciesisserious.B．Toarguehumansshouldberesponsibleforthelossoftrees.C．Toexplainclimatechangeresultsinthemigrationofforests.D．Toproveforestscanslowdowntheprocessofclimatechange.6．Whatcanbeinferredaboutassistedmigration?A．Itcanpreventthetreesescaping. B．Itcanpromotebiologicaldiversity.C．Itmayhelptoprotecttheforests. D．Itmayaffectspeciesinnewplaces.7．WhatisSt.George’sattitudetoassistedmigration?A．Supportive.B．Doubtful.C．Ambiguous.D．Intolerant.CAPurdueUniversityinventioncouldsavemillionsoftaxpayerdollarsandsignificantlyreducetrafficdelays.Thenewinvention，asensorthatallowsconcreteto“talk”，decreasesconstructiontimeandhowoftenconcretepavement(路面)needsrepairswhilealsoimprovingtheroad’ssustainabilityandcuttingitscarbonfootprint.Fixeddirectlyintoaconcretepour，thesensorsendsengineersmorepreciseandconsistentdataabouttheconcrete’sstrengthandneedforrepairsthanispossiblewithcurrentlyusedtoolsandmethods.“Trafficjamscausedbyrepairshavewasted4billionhoursand3billiongallonsofgas，onayearlybasis.Thisismainlyduetoinsufficientknowledgeandunderstandingofconcrete’sstrengthlevels，”saidLunaLu，whohasbeenleadingdevelopmentofthesensorsince2017.“Forinstance，wedon’tknowwhenconcretewillreachtherightstrengthneededtoaccommodatetrafficloadsjustafterconstruction.Theconcretemaybeputintousetooearly，leadingtofrequentrepairing，”sheadded.WiththetechnologyLuandherteaminvented，engineerscandirectlymonitorthefreshconcreteandaccuratelymeasuremanyofitspropertiesatonce.Thesensornotifiesengineersviaasmartphoneappexactlywhenthepavementisstrongenoughtohandleheavytraffic.Thestrongerthepavementisbeforebeingusedbyvehicles，thelessoftenitwillneedtoberepaired.Bydecreasingroadrepairsandconstructiontimelines，thistechnologycouldreducecarbondioxidethatvehicleswouldhavegivenoffwhilewaitingintraffictogetaroundaconstructionsite.Methodsthattheindustryhasusedformorethanacenturycallfortestinglargesamplesofconcreteatalaboronsitefacility.Eventhoughthesetestsarewellunderstoodbytheindustry，differencesbetweenlabandoutdoorconditionscanleadtoinaccurateestimatesoftheconcrete’sstrengthduetothedifferentconcretecompositionsandtemperaturesofthesurroundingarea.8．Whatcanbelearnedaboutthenewinvention?A．Itdecreasesaccidents. B．Itiscostlytoproduce.C．Itreducesroadrepairs. D．Itisdifficulttooperate.9．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Wastecausedbyroadrepairs. B．Characteristicsoftheconcrete.C．Situationsofroadconstructions. D．Necessityofinventingthesensor.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“notifies”inparagraph3mean?A．Signals.B．Awakes.C．Monitor.D．Examines.11．Whatistheproblemwiththeprevioustests?A．Samplesmustbetestedonthespot.B．Theresultsturnouttobeunreliable.C．Fewerpropertieshavebeenmeasured.D．Concreteistestedincertaintemperature.Ⅱ.七选五Haveyoualwaysdreamedofhavingagarden，butthoughtyoudidn’thaveenoughspace?1Withalittleplanningandcreativity，youcanstillmakeabeautifulgardenfromthesmalloutdoorspace.Hereareafewtipsthatyoucanfollow.Planyourlayout(布局)carefully.2Considertheoverallarrangementofthespaceandcreatedifferentzonesfordifferentpurposes.Bydividingthespaceintosmallersections，youcanputinthemdifferentplantsyouwanttogrow.Youmaywanttomakeanoutlineoruseadesigntooltovisualizeyourideas.Orit’sagoodchoicetosearchonlinefordigitalgardenplannerstohelpyoudesignthelayout.3Ifyouhavelimitedspace，it’simportanttoselectplantsthatwillgrowwellinyourgarden.Lookforplantsthataresuitedtotheclimate，soiltype，andgrowingconditions.Orchoosedenseorsmallsizesofplantstomaximizeyourspace.Forprofessionaladvice，you’dbettertalktoanemployeeatagardeningcenter，whoknowsbetter.Makeuseofvertical(垂直的)space.Oneofthebestwaystomakethemostofyoursmallgardenistouseverticalgardeningtechniques.Verticalgardeningisanexcellentwaytoaddmoregreenerytoyoursmallgardenwithouttakinguptoomuchspace.4Youcanalsousehangingbasketstoaddmoregreenerytoyourspace.Includetheeatableintoyourgarden.Growingyourownfoodisnotonlysatisfying，butitcanalsosaveyoumoneyongroceries.Evenifyouonlyhaveasma