新教材2024高中英语Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionIIReadingandThinking同步测试新人教版必修第三册

PAGESectionⅡReadingandThinking(1)阅读理解AAswecontinuetoexplorefartheroutintooursolarsystemandbeyond,thequestionofhumanslivingonotherplanetsoftencomesup.MannedbasesontheMoonorMars,forexample,havelongbeenadreamofmany.Thereisanaturaldesiretoexploreasfaraswecango,andalsotoextendhumanity’spresenceonapermanentoratleastsemi-permanentbasis.Inordertodothis,however,itisnecessarytoadapttodifferentextremeenvironments.OntheMoon,forexample,acolonymustbeself-sustainingandprotectitsinhabitantsfromtheairless,harshenvironmentoutside.Mars,though,isdifferent.WhilefuturebasescouldadapttotheMartianenvironmentovertime,thereisalsothepossibilityofmodifyingthesurroundingenvironmentinsteadofjustco-existingwithit.Thisistheprocessofterraforming—adjustingMars’atmosphereandenvironmenttomakeitmoreEarth-like.Butthebiggerquestionis,shouldwe?OneofthemainissuesiswhetherMarshasanynativelifeornotandifitdoes,shoulditbepreservedasmuchaspossible?Iftheanswerisyes,thenlarge-scalehumansettlementonMarsshouldbecompletelyoff-limits.Smallcoloniesmightbefine,butlivingonMarsshouldnotbeattheexpenseofanynativeinhabitants,iftheyexist.IfMarsishometoanyindigenouslife,thenterraformingshouldbeanon-issue;itsimplyshouldnotbedone.WhatifMarsislifeless?Evenifnolifeexiststhere,thatuntouchedanduniquealienenvironmentneedstobepreservedasitisasmuchaspossible.We’vealreadydonetoomuchdamagehereonourownplanet.BystudyingMarsandotherplanetsandmoonsintheircurrentnaturalstate,wecanlearnsomuchabouttheirhistoryandalsolearnmoreaboutourownworld.Weshouldappreciatethedifferencesofotherworldsinsteadofjusttransformingthemtosuitourownambitions.1.WhatdoestheauthorthinkweshoulddoiflifeisfoundonMars?A.Ensurethatit’snotharmed.B.NegotiatewiththeMartians.C.Changetheunpopulatedregions.D.Assesstheadvantagesanddisadvantages.解析:细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“large-scalehumansettlementonMarsshouldbecompletelyoff-limits”,“livingonMarsshouldnotbeattheexpenseofanynativeinhabitants,iftheyexist”,“itsimplyshouldnotbedone”可知,假如火星上有生命存在,我们应当避开大规模移民,应当尽力爱护其不受损害。答案:A2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“indigenous”inparagraph3mean?A.Complex.B.Native.C.Foreign. D.Intelligent.解析:词义揣测题。依据第三段最终一句中的“...thenterraformingshouldbeanon-issue;itsimplyshouldnotbedone.”可知,这样的话,我们就不应当使火星地球化。又结合该段第一句可以推知,这样做的前提是火星上有原始生命;故画线词与B项词义相近。答案:B3.Howdoestheauthordevelophisideasinthetext?A.Byreferringtoothers’research.B.Byevaluatingdifferentplanets.C.Byjustifyingthebenefitsofterraforming.D.Byarguinginsupportofoneviewpoint.解析:写作手法题。依据其次段最终一句“Butthebiggerquestionis,shouldwe?”和第三段以及第四段的内容可知,作者先提出一个问题,然后通过探讨两种状况来论述自己的观点。故选D。答案:D4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.IsThereLifeonMars?B.CanWeAdapttoMars?C.ShouldWeTerraformMars?D.AreMarsandEarthSoDifferent?解析:标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文是围绕其次段结尾句“Butthebiggerquestionis,shouldwe?”提出的问题绽开探讨的,又结合下文论述的不应当以牺牲火星上的原始生命为代价而去变更火星上的环境以适应人类的生存,以及即使火星上无生命我们也应让它保持原状以便我们了解到更多东西可知,C项最适合做本文标题。答案:CBThefullmoonclimbsovertheeasternhorizon(地平线)andhangslikeahugeorangeglobeinthesky.Afterafewhours,themoonisoverheadbutseemstohavechanged.Thehugeorangeglobehasbecomeasmallsilverdisk.Whathashappened?Whyhastheorangecolourdisappeared?Whydoesthemoonseemsomuchsmallerandfartherawaynowthatitisoverhead?Themoonappearsorangeonthehorizonbecauseweviewitthroughthedustoftheatmosphere.Theoverheadmoondoesnotreallyshrink(缩小)asitmovesawayfromthehorizon.Oureyesinformusthattheoverheadmoonisfartheraway.Butinthispositionthemoonisactuallyclosertooureyesthanwhenitisnearthehorizon.Thechangeinsizeisatrickoureyesandmindsplayonus.Whenthemoonislowinthesky,wecancompareitssizewithfamiliarobjects.Itiseasytoseethatthemoonismuchlargerthantreesorbuildings,forexample.Whenthemoonishighinthesky,however,itishardtocompareitwithobjectsonEarth.Comparedtothevastnessofthesky,themoonseemssmall.Thereisanotherreasonwhythemoonseemstoshrink.Weareusedtostaringatobjectsstraightaheadofus.Whenanobjectisdifficulttosee,oureyeshavetotrytofocusonit.Whenwemoveourheadsbacktolookup,wewilltryhardagain.Lookingatsomethingfromanunaccustomedpositioncanfoolyouintobelievinganobjectissmallerorfartherawaythanitis.However,scientistsdonotyetunderstandcompletelywhythemoonseemstoshrinkasitrisesinthesky.5.Whatmakesuspuzzledwhenthemoonishighinthesky?A.Itbecomeslarge.B.Itlooksdifferent.C.Itscolourdisappears.D.Itsshapechanges.解析:推理推断题。依据第一段中的“Afterafewhours,themoonisoverheadbutseemstohavechanged.Thehugeorangeglobehasbecomeasmallsilverdisk.Whathashappened?Whyhastheorangecolourdisappeared?Whydoesthemoonseemsomuchsmallerandfartherawaynowthatitisoverhead?”可知,当月亮高挂天空的时候,它的颜色、大小都变了,看起来不同了。答案:B6.Whatreallyhappenswhenthemoonfloatsfartherawayfromthehorizon?A.Itcomesnearer. B.Itturnsorange.C.Itgoesfarther. D.Itgetsthroughdust.解析:细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Theoverheadmoondoesnotreallyshrinkasitmovesawayfromthehorizon.Oureyesinformusthattheoverheadmoonisfartheraway.Butinthispositionthemoonisactuallyclosertooureyesthanwhenitisnearthehorizon.”可知,当月亮离地平线远的时候,其实它离我们更近。答案:A7.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Thesizeofthemoonoftenchanges.B.Themoonisinfactahugeorangeglobe.C.Themoonisbeginningtoshrinkmuch.D.Wedonotseethemoonasitreallyis.解析:推理推断题。依据最终一段最终一句“However,scientistsdonotyetunderstandcompletelywhythemoonseemstoshrinkasitrisesinthesky.”可知,我们没有看清月亮的“真面目”。答案:DCTelevisionhaschangedourlivesinmanyways.ManypeoplenowspendmoretimewatchingTVthandoinganythingelse.Researchershaveestimated(估计)thatwhenmoststudentsleaveschooltheyhavespent11,000hoursintheclassroomand22,000hourswatchingtelevision.8.?

Benefitsoftelevision:·Televisionhelpsustolearnmoreabouttheworldandtoknowandseemanynewthings.Televisioncanofferpresentinformationtousinamoreeffectivewaythanbooks.9..

·Itentertainsus.Itisanenjoyablewaytorelaxourselves.Formillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld,televisionisasourceofcompanionshipandhelpsthemtocopewitheverydaylife.·Ithasincreasedthepopularityofsportsandarts.·10..In2000,forexample,1.5millionpeoplein147countrieswatchedaTVpopconcertandhelpedtocollectmorethan$100millionforpeopleinAfrica.

Dangers:·Televisionmakesuspassive(被动的).11..

·Itencouragesustobuyunnecessarythingssometimes.Therearemanyadvertisementsontelevision,12..

·Ittakestimeawayfromactivitiessuchasreading,conversation,andgames.·Somecritics(指责家)saythattelevisionmakespeopleviolent.Aten-yearstudyshowedthatchildrenwhowatchtelevisionprogrammesaremorelikelytobeviolentthemselves.A.TelevisionmakesusactiveB.ButwhateffectdoesthishaveC.ItcanalsomakethingsmorememorableD.Wedon’thavetothinkandourbrainsbecomelazyE.however,thiskindofadvertisementmightnotbesuitableF.TelevisionhasmadeusawareofourglobalresponsibilitiesG.themainpurposeofwhichistomakecustomersspendmoney8.解析:依据前文“Researchershaveestimatedthatwhenmoststudentsleaveschooltheyhavespent11,000hoursintheclassroomand22,000hourswatchingtelevision.”可知,后文说的是影响,因此B项“Butwhateffectdoesthishave?(但这有什么影响呢?)”符合文意。故选B。答案:B9.解析:依据前文“Televisioncanofferpresentinformationtousinamoreeffectivewaythanbooks.”可知,此处讲解并描述的是电视的好处,因此C项“Itcanalsomakethingsmorememorable.(它也能使事情更令人难忘。)”符合文意。故选C。答案:C10.解析:依据后文“In2000,forexample,1.5millionpeoplein147countrieswatchedaTVpopconcertandhelpedtocollectmorethan$100millionforpeopleinAfrica.”可知,此处强调了人们对全球的责任,因此F项“Televisionhasmadeusawareofourglobalresponsibilities.(电视使我们意识到我们的全球责任。)”符合文意。故选F。答案:F11.解析:依据前文“Televisionmakesuspassive.”可知,此处讲解并描述了电视的坏处,因此D项“Wedon’thavetothinkandourbrainsbecomelazy.(我们不必思索,我们的大脑就会变得懒散。)”符合文意。故选D。答案:D12.解析:依据前文“Itencouragesustobuyunnecessarythingssometimes.Therearemanyadvertisementsontelevision”可知,下文讲的是广告的目的是什么,因此G项“themainpurposeofwhichistomakecustomersspendmoney.(其主要目的是让顾客花钱。)”符合文意。故选G。答案:GReadingandThinking(2)[基础测评]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Iworkduringmysparetime,whichgivesme(independent)frommyfamily.

2.Myparentsdesireme(behave)wellatschool.

3.Fromthe(disappoint)voice,weknewhefailedtheexam.

4.Thefish(leap)outofwaterandlandedontheshore.

5.Asweallknow,(satellite)havebeenusedforcommunicationaswellasweatherforecasts.

6.Duringourfreetime,we’llbeabletotraveltoplacesofinterestinnew(vehicle)likeflyingcars.

7.Thegovernmentistakingmeasurestopreventthe(transmit)ofthedisease.

8.The(frontier)ofmedicalknowledgearebeingpushedforwardsastimegoeson.

9.Wearenotsurewhenuniversecameintobeing.

10.Hestoodup,signallingtheofficerthathehadfinishedwithhisclient.

答案:1.independence2.tobehave3.disappointed4.leaped/leapt5.satellites6.vehicles7.transmission8.frontiers9.the10.toⅡ.依据汉语句意完成英语句子1.你是第一个将这项工作做得这么好的人。Youaretheworksowell.

2.虽然战士们已经工作了15个小时,但他们仍接着在废墟中找寻生还者。Thoughthesoldiershadbeenworkingforfifteenhours,theyforsurvivorsintheruins.

3.攀登者们接着前进,希望尽最终的努力到达山顶。Theclimberskeptupreachingthetopwiththelasteffort.

4.人们信任努力工作就能胜利。Itisbelievedthatworkinghardcansuccess.

5.微笑不仅仅让我们兴奋,还能愉悦别人。Smilingcanmakeushappy,pleaseothers.

答案:1.thefirstpersontodo2.carriedonlooking3.inthehopeof4.leadto5.notonlybutalsoⅢ.语法填空1.(look)upatthestars,peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace,andscientistsworkhardtoexplorespace.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworld2.(go)intospace.Overeightyearslater,on20July1969,AmericanastronautNeilArmstrongsteppedontothemoon,famouslysaying,“That’sonesmallstepfor(a)man,onegiantleapformankind.”Followingthis,manymoregoals3.(achieve).

4.scientiststrytomakesurenothinggoeswrong,accidentscanstillhappen.Allthe5.(astronaut)ontheUSSR’sSoyuz11andAmerica’sChallengerdiedduringtheirmissions,whichmadeeveryonesadand6.(disappoint).Despitethehugerisks,peoplecarry7.exploringspace.

China’sspaceprogrammestartedlaterthanthoseofRussiaandtheUS,butit8.(make)greatprogressinashorttime.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldto9.(independent)sendhumansintospacein2003.NowChinaaswellasEuropeandtheUShasplanstofurtherstudyandexploreplanetslikeMars10.Jupiter.答案:1.Looking2.togo3.wereachieved4.Although/Though5.astronauts6.disappointed7.on8.hasmade9.independently10.and[提升测评]Ⅳ.阅读理解ThreedaysbeforeChristmasin1968,FrankBorman,JimLovellandBillAndershadadventuredouttothemoon,becomingthefirsthumanbeingstoreachandorbitourclosestneighbourinspace.OnChristmasEve,theypointedaTVcameraoutofthewindowofApollo8andshowedaglobalaudience(观众)of1billiontheancientmoonmovingslowlybelowtheirspaceship.“Ididn’tchooseit,”Anderssaid,whenallthreeastronautsmettomarkthe50thanniversary(周年)oftheirmoonflight,atChicago’sMuseumofScienceandIndustry,wheretheirspaceshipisdisplayed.WhenthethreemenreturnedtoEarthonDecember27,theyweresurroundedbyaseaofjoy.Thatkindofcollective(集体的)joy—bornofcollectiveeffort—canseembeyondusnow.Fromthefactoryfloortothethreemeninthespaceship,anestimated400,000peoplehadahandinmakingthemoonflightpossible.BehindthejoytherewasalsoadarkdangerApollo8mightface.Iftheastronautsmadeitintothemoonorbitbuttheirenginefailedtofirewhenitwastimetoreturn,rescuewouldbeimpossible.Theywouldcirclethemoonforever.Buttheastronautsdidcomehome,andintheprocesstheygavetheworldanothergift:thecelebratedphotographthatcametobeknownasEarthrise.Evenfiftyyearslater,BormanandLovellcontinuedtoplayjokesonAnders,85then.“I’mstilltryingtofigureoutwhodidit,”saidBorman,withawink(挤眼睛).“Youdidit,Ithink,”Lovellanswered.“Billdidit,”Bormanadmitted.“Hedidn’twantmetotakeitatfirst,”Anderssaid.“Ihaveneversaiditbeforepublicly,”saidBorman,“butI’mjustproudthatIwasabletoflywiththesetwotalentedguys.Youdidareallygoodjob.”1.WhydidthemenpointacameraoutofthewindowofApollo8?A.Toshowthemoontotheworld.B.Toreadsomesentencestotheaudience.C.Todosomeresearchintotheancientmoon.D.Torecordwhattheyweredoinginthespacecraft.解析:细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段中的“OnChristmasEve,theypointedaTVcameraoutofthewindowofApollo8andshowedaglobalaudienceof1billiontheancientmoonmovingslowlybelowtheirspaceship.”可知,他们把照相机伸出Apollo8的窗外,是为了向世界展示月球。答案:A2.HowoldwasBillAnderswhenhereachedspace?A.27.B.30.C.35. D.50.解析:推理推断题。依据文章第四段中的“Evenfiftyyearslater,BormanandLovellcontinuedtoplayjokesonAnders,85then.”可知,甚至在50年后,Borman和Lovell仍旧接着拿当时已经85岁的Anders开玩笑。由此推断出,BillAnders到达太空时的年龄是:85-50=35。故选C。答案:C3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph5referto?A.Theflight. B.Earth.C.Thereading. D.Thepicture.解析:推理推断题。上文“Buttheastronautsdidcomehome,andintheprocesstheygavetheworldanothergift:thecelebratedphotographthatcametobeknownasEarthrise.”提到,宇航员们的确回家了,在这个过程中,他们给了世界另一份礼物——那张后来被称为《地出》的闻名的照片,由此推断出“it”指代的是上文提到的“照片”。答案:DⅤ.完形填空ItookanairplanetoBeijinginFebruary,onanAirCanadaBoeing777.1allwereseated,Iusedmycomputerforawhile.Aheadofmetomyright,akidwas2.

IwentuptoaChinesewoman.Shehadinherarmsakidthat3crying.Itoldthemotherthatthekidneededtobewalkedandthenshewouldsettledownandsleep.IknewthisbecauseIamafatheroffour4children.Thewoman,whowasfromNorthYork,saidshewastootiredasshehadbeen5thewholenightbefore.I6towalkthekidsoshecouldgetsomesleep.

AsItookthekidinmyarms,I7herforthekid’snameandage.Ithenstartedslowlywalkinguptothefrontoftheeconomysection.Thekidimmediatelyfelltosleep.WhenIgotbacktothemother’s8,Ifoundherfastasleep.Ikeptwalkingforoversixhoursandwalkedslowly9.Sinceitwasa13-hourflight,IwalkedhalfwaytoChina—10akid.

Womenonboardwould11meduringmylongwalk,wantingtoseethekid.Onewomanaskedmesomequestionslike“Howmany12doyouhave?”“Four,”Isaid.Shelookedcloselyatmywrinkled(有皱纹的)faceandwhitehair(Iwasalmost60)andsaid,“Well,Ihopethisisyour13one.”ShethoughtIwasMary’sfather.Ijust14andwalkedon.

WhenIwasbacktothemother,themotherwoke.IgaveMarybacktoher,who15soundasleep.

1.A.Before B.AfterC.Though D.Unless解析:大家都坐好后,“我”用了一会儿电脑。before在……之前;after在……之后;though尽管;unless除非。答案:B2.A.singing B.talkingC.sleeping D.crying解析:依据下段中的“Shehadinherarmsakidthat3crying.”可知一个孩子在哭。sing唱歌;talk谈论;sleep睡觉;cry哭。

答案:D3.A.kept B.startedC.practised D.stopped解析:结合语境可知,孩子始终在哭。keepdoingsth始终做某事。keep保持;start起先;practise练习;stop停止。答案:A4.A.grown B.energeticC.curious D.slim解析:“我”知道须要抱着那个正在哭的孩子走走,是因